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PH  i LADELPHIA 


ATIONAL 


T 


HEATRE 


j^EW 

S.  W.  Cor.  10th  and  Oallowhill  Streets, 

m STUNBimO  lOVElT!  THEHTIIE  OE  HMEIIICII, 

THE  HANDSOMEST  AND  MOST  COMPLETE 

VARIETYTHEATREONTHISCONTINEINT 


JSriGfrECT, 


EVESH.TT 

—AND  FOR— 

TH:E  family  MA.TIISrEES, 

Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at  2 P.  M. 

None  but  First  Class  Artistes  Engaged,  and  the  Performances  of 
the  highest  order  of  merit.  The  Family  Entertainment 
for  the  masses  and  at  popular  prices.  All  the 
Latest  Novelties  and  Sensations  pre- 
sented in  rapid  succession. 

PRICES  OF  ADMISSION: 

26  Cents. 
15  Cents. 
25  Cents. 
75  Cents. 
50  Cents. 


General  Adnnission,  _ _ - - 

Family  Circle,  Entrance  on  Callowhill  St., 
Dress  Circle,  _ _ - - _ 

Parquet, 

Parquet  Circle,  - - - _ 


Orchestra  Stalls, 
Orchestra  Chairs, 
Private  Boxes, 


$1  OO. 
$1.50. 

$8.00  and  $10.00. 


Box  Office  Open  Daily  From  9 A.  M.  to  4 P.  M. 

NO  EXTRA  CHARGE  FOR  SECURED  SEATS. 

TAKE  EITHER  OF  THE  FOLLOWING  PASSENGER  RAILWAYS 

sinid 


i.  6.  WHITMim  i CO., 
812  tkslnut  Street, 

KEAE  EIGHTH  STEEET, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

ffiAKUFACTORERS  OF  THE 


fkeit  Jonfistiengii  gai  {jliecolgte  la  tliE  {oaalrf. 


Specialties  in  Neat  Boxes  for  Present.^.  Goods  can  he  sent  bj’  Express  from  onr  Store 
To  nearly  all  parts  of  the  World. 


Our  Centennial  Lunch 
Chocolate,  is  the  best 
preparation  of  the 
kind  ever 
made. 


It  invigorates  the  system 
in  an  eminent  de- 
gree, and  is  for 
eating  or 
drinking. 


Our, Novelties  in  Chocolate  and  Confections,  will  Fully  Repay 


A visit  to  our  Store. 


SCHENCK’S  BUILDING,  COR.  SIXTH  AND  ARCH  STREETS,  PHILADELPHIA. 


SCHENC'K’S  PULMONIC  SYRUP, 

A positive  cure  lor  Consumption, 

SCIIENCK’S  SEAWEED  TONIC, 

For  Dyspepsia  and  Debility. 

SCHENCK’S  MANDRAKE  PILLS, 

For  all  Bilious  Complaints. 


MAGEE’S 


ILLUSTRATED 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


—AND  THE— 

CENTENNIAL 

EXHIBITION, 


A GUIDE  AND  DESCRIPTION 

TO  ALL  PLACES  OF  INTEREST  IN  OR  ABOUT  PHILADELPHIA, 
TO  THE  CENTENNIAL  GROUNDS  AND  BUILDINGS, 

AND  FAIRMOUNT  PARK. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1876,  by  R.  Magee  & Son,  in  the  Librarian’s 
Oflace,  Washington,  D.  C. 


PHILADELPHIA; 

RICHARD  MAGEE  & SON, 
1876. 


THE 


CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


“A  magic  change,  has  time  wrought  here, 

Where  first  the  Indian  chased  the  deer. 

And  danced  in  savage-wild  career 
Round  festal  fires  : ' ' 

Now  temples  of  Faith  and  Art  uprear 
Their  and  spires.’^  .. 

Market,  Arch,  Race  and  Vine,  • 

Chestnut,  Walnut,  Spruce  and  Pine.” 

Less  than  half  a century  ago,  the  above  couplet  was  the  familiar  rhyme 
to  express  the  bounds  of  our  old  city  north  and  south,  and  the  regularly 
built  up  districts  did  not  extend  far  above  or  below  these  lines.  Now 
Philadelphia  reaches  to  Alleghany  avenue.  No.  3200  north,  and  to  Hartranft 
street.  No.  3400  on  the  south,  and  from  the  Delaware  river  east  to  Cobb’s 
creek,  the  Delaware  county  line  on  the  west  5 forming  an  area  of  82,603 
acres,  or  129^  square  miles,  thus  giving  to  Philadelphia  the  largest  area  of 
any  city  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia  was  founded  by  the  illustrious  William  Penn  in  the  year  1682. 
The  euphonious  name,  so  characteristic  of  the  leader  of  the  fraternity  of 
“Friends,”  he  derived  from  that  of  a city  in  Asia-Minor,  and  which  in  the 
Greek  means 

“BROTHERLY  LOVE.” 

The  first  landing  of  William  Penn  on  the  site  of  his  future  city,  was  what 
was  then  known  as  the  “Blue  Anchor  Landing,”  near  to  which  stood  the 
Blue  Anchor  Tavern,  and  what  is  now  Front  and  Dock  streets. 


96 1 f 20 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


2 

Like  many  other  cities  of  note  in  the  United  States,  Philadelphia  has 
received  a number  of  choice  soubriquets  or  nick-names,  such  as  the  “ Quaker 
City,”  the  “Marble  City,”  the  “City  of  Homes,”  &c.;  which  latter  appella- 
tion is  a well-merited  compliment,  from  the  fact,  that  from  its  now  about 
nine  hundred  thousand  inhabitants,  it  can  boast  of  not  far  from  two  hundred 
thousand  comfortable  dwellings,  hundreds  of  which  may  well  merit  the  name 
of  palaces.  Thousands  of  mechanics  and  operators  reside  in  their  own  houses, 
earned  by  their  own  hard  and  honest  toil.  They  are  constructed  of  the  solid 
and  bright  red  Philadelphia  brick,  with  white  marble  door-steps,  facings  and 
window-sills;  contain  a vestibule,  four  to  six  and  eight  rooms,  neatly 
papered;  they  are  furnished  with  gas  and  bath,  and  a yard  in  the  rear 
sufficiently  large  for  the  cheerful  grass-plot  and  flower-beds.  To  those  who 
do  not  own  their  dwellings,  these  neat  and  cheerful  homes  are  usually  rented 
at  from  ten  to  twenty  dollars  per  month,  according  to  their  locality. 

Philadelphia  has  also  been  called  the  “City  of  Street  Railroads;”  having 
about  three  hundred  miles  of  street-railways,  and  running  over  two  thousand 
passenger  cars ; its  generally  level  surface  and  the  rectangular  lines  of  its 
streets  and  squares,  with  an  occasional  large  arterial  avenue  crossing  through 
the  heart  of  the  great  city,  from  some  point  north-west  to  south-east,  or  in 
the  opposite  direction,  render  it  more  available  than  any  other  city  for  this 
desirable  vehicle  of  transit.  In  whatever  part  of  the  vast  city  you  may 
locate  or  traverse  you  will  hear  the  lively  hum  of  the  street  cars,  and  whatever 
point  you  may  desire  to  reach,  spring  on  board,  apprise  the  conductor,  and 
he  will  either  convey  you  to  the  place  desired  or  transfer  you  to  a car  that  will. 

A stranger,  who  visited  Philadelphia  for  observation  and  information,  thus 
gave  his  experience  to  a friend  who  was  about  to  follow  with  a similar 
object: 

“Every  street  in  Philadelphia  is  ribbed  with  rail-tracks,  and  if  you  wish 
to  view  the  entire  square-toed  metropolis,  without  the  trouble  of  walking, 
jump  into  a street  car  at  the  Delaware  head  of  the  city,  and  ride  up  one 
street  and  down  another,  till  you  see  up  and  down  it,  north  and  south,  out 
to  the  great  western  or  county  line ; then  perform  a similar  car-feat  across 
from  north  to  south,  and  you  have  interviewed  a great  city  in  a sitting  posture.” 

But  it  is  not  our  purpose  to  give  the  stranger  a history  of  the  City,  or  an 
epitome  of  its  advantages,  as  it  is  to  furnish  a convenient  vade  mecum” 
or  guide  to  the  numerous  locations  and  objects  of  interest ; and  with  these  re- 
marks we  proceed  to  place  before  him  historical  relics  and  places  of  interest 
in  Philadelphia. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


3 


CONGRESS  HALL 

Is  located  on  Chestnut  Street,  south-east  corner  of  Sixth  Street,  and  is  now- 
used  for  Court  purposes  5 on  the  eastern  wall  is  a tablet,  with  the  following 
inscription,  in  plain  old-fashioned  letters ; 

In  this  building  met  the 
First  Senate, 
and  the 

First  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America ; 
and  herein  George  Washington  was  inaugurated 
President,  March  4,  1793, 
and  closed  his  official  career; 
when,  herein  also, 

John  Adams  was  inaugurated  the 
Second  President  of  the  United  States, 

March  4,  1797. 


INDEPENDENCE  HALL,  (THE  BIRTH-PLACE  OF  LIBERTY,) 
South  Side  of  Chestnut  Street,  between  5th  and  Gth  Sts. 

Independence  Hall,  or  the  State  House,  as  it  was  called  in  our  early 
days — originally  designed  by  the  architect  Andrew — was  built  by  Edmund 
AYooley.  It  was  finished  after  an  interval  of  struggles  in  1734.  The  solid 
and  ornamental  brick-style  of  the  Georgian  era  is  manifested  in  the  pecu- 
liar exterior,  while  the  mouldings,  panelings  and  grotesque  visages  that  orna- 
ment the  interior  halls,  doorways,  &c.,  are  fac-similes  of  the  style  of  orna- 
ments in  the  days  of  Queen  Anne. 

It  was  formally  opened  by  Mayor  Allen  in  the  year  1735,  with  a banquet 
in  honor  of  Governor  Penn. 

It  was  here,  in  the  first  room  on  your  left  as  you  enter  from  Chestnut 
street,  that  the  first  colonial  Congress  met  to  deliberate,  in  the  language  of 
Washington,  as  to  “hoAv  far  man  could  be  trusted  with  self-goverment.” 
It  wa,s  here,  where  the  glorious  ‘^Declaration  of  Independence”  was  debated 
and  signed  by  the  immortal  56,  July  4,  1776,  and  on  the  8th  of  July  read  by 
John  Nixon  from  a platform  in  the  yard,  (now  Independence  Square,)  to  a re- 
joicing people,  and  a new  and  mighty  nation  was  born  to  “Life,  Liberty  and 
the  pursuit  of  happiness.” 


4 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Independence  Chamber  has  been  restored  to  its  original  state  of  1776. 
The  ancient  and  quaint  desk  upon  which  the  Declaration  was  signed,  the 
old  arm-chair  of  John  Hancock,  the  chairs  and  portraits  of  the  signers,  and 
the  original  draft  of  the  Declaration,  in  the  hand-writing  of  the  immortal 
author,  Thomas  J efferson,  and  various  other  relics,  are  here  presented. 


INDEPENDENCE  CHAMBER. 


This  cliamber  is  rendered  still  more  memorable  and  hallowed  from  its  being 
the  scene  of  other  solemn  and  impressive  events.  It  wms  in  this  apartment 
that  General  La  Fayette,  the  friend  of  America  and  of  Washington,  in  1824, 
stood  and  received  the  citizens  and  their  descendants,  for  whom  he  had  shed  his 
blood  in  the  llevolution,  on  which  occasion  the  author  of  these  pages,  then  a 
boy,  had  the  joy  (with  other  ciiildren)  of  shaking  him  by  the  hand.  It  was 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  5 

here  that  the  bodies  of  various  deceased  statesmen,  heroes,  and  patriots  lay  in 
state,  includinn;  those  of  the  gallant  Elisha  Kane,  the  Arctic  navigator.  Com- 
modore Chas.  Stewart,  the  Naval  hero,  the  lamented  Abraham  Lincoln,  the 
valorous  General  Meade,  the  hero  of  Gettysburg,  and  the  revered  Vice- 
President  Wilson ; wildest  Independence  Hall,  festooned  in  her  dark  drapery, 
looked  like  some  gigantie  widow,  mourning  for  her  dear  and  good  ones— gone. 
Visitors  are  admitted  free  of  charge  from  9 A.  M.  until  5 P.  M. 

Directly  opposite  to  Independence  Chamber  is  the  door  leading  to 

THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  nucleus  of  a National  Museum  intended  to  commemorate  the  signing  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  in  1787,  and  the  history  of  Pennsylvania 
during  colonial  and  Revolutionary  days,  is  now  on  exhibition  in  the  judicial 
hall  of  the  old  colony  of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  open  to  visitors  from  10  A.  M.  to 
1 P.  M.  of  each  day. 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


6 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Among  the  many  interesting  relics  in  the  Museum  are  the  following : Origi- 
nal charter  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  dated  October  25,  1701,  signed  by  the 
founder,  and  bearing  the  great  seal  of  Pennsylvania ; a fac-simile  of  the  non- 
importation resolutions  of  1765,  with  the  names  of  the  signers;  the  strong-box 
of  Robert  Morris,  with  his  appointment  as  Superintendent  of  Finance ; speci- 
mens of  china  used  by  W ashington ; a copy  of  the  first  Philadelphia  news- 
paper; flag  of  the  First  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Militia;  a complete  set  of  the 
money  of  the  Revolution ; a volume  of  Pennsylvania  bills  of  credit,  contain- 
ing the  original  draft  of  the  Act,  in  the  handwriting  of  Andrew  Hamilton, 
for  the  issue  of  £30,000  in  bills  of  credit,  and  for  the  erection  of  the  State 
House ; a piece  of  the  Charter  Oak ; an  original  stamp  of  the  issue  required 
to  be  used  under  the  Stamp  Act  of  1765;  three  chairs  once  occupied  by  the 
chief  justices  of  Pennsylvania ; a brewing-mug  brought  over  with  Penn  in  the 

elcome ; a sofa  which  once  belonged  to  W ashington ; and  a dining-table 
and  looking-glass,  once  the  property  of  William  Penn.  Among  the  portraits 
are  those  of  King  William,  Queens  Mary  and  Anne,  “the  three  Georges,” 
Governor  Morris,  and  other  signers  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  William 
Rush,  the  sculptor,  William  Bartram,  the  botanist,  Robert  Fulton,  Chief 
Jusfice  Chew,  and  others. 

As  you  pass  from  the  National  Museum  south  into  the  rear  vestibule, 
directly  opposite  the  staircase,  you  meet  with  a most  noted  and  famous  relic, 
“the  old  Independence  Bell,”  that  with  its  ponderous  iron  tongue  tolled  the 
glad  tidings  of  the  Declaration  to  a disenthralled  people.  There  it  hangs,  sus- 
pended from  its  massive  beams  of  wood,  with  the  “crack”  in  its  brazen  head, 
and  the  prophetic  motto,  the  words  of  holy  writ,  standing  out  in  bold  relief 
upon  its  forehead : 

“proclaim  liberty  throughout  all  the  land,  and  unto  all  the  inhabi- 
tants THEREOF.” 

[Leviticus  xxv.  Ver.  10th.] 

The  Bell  was  originally  cast  in  England  in  1751,  at  a cost  of  one  hundred 
pounds  sterling ; was  ordered  to  be  of  two  thousand  pounds  weight,  and  to 
contain  the  following  inscription : 

“ By  order  of  the  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  State 
House  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  1752.”  Also,  “Proclaim  Liberty  through- 
out all  the  land,  and  unto  all  the  inhabitants  thereof.” 

Before  the  Bell  was  properly  hung  it  was  cracked  by  a stroke  of  the  clapper 
to  try  the  sound,  and  was  re-cast  in  this  country  by  Pass  & Stow,  of  this 
city,  who  were  compelled  to  re-mix  the  metal,  as  the  original  mixture  was 
found  to  be  too  brittle.  It  was  finished  and  hung  in  June,  1753 ; but  the  most 
important  event  in  its  history  is  that  it  rang  to  proclaim  the  birth  of  a nation 
upon  the  basis  that  all  men  are  born  free  and  equal.  In  1777,  at  the  time  the 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


7 


American  forces  were  compelled  to  evacuate  Philadelphia,  this  Bell,  together 
with  Christ  Church  chimes,  was  removed  to  Allentown,  to  prevent  them  being 
melted  into  cannon  by  the  English ; at  the  close  of  the  war  it  was  returned  to 
the  city  and  continued  in  constant  use  until  1828,  when  it  was  replaced  by  the 
present  bell.  The  bell  was  broken  in  ringing  for  a fire  one  murky  morning ; 
but  it  had  done  its  work,  and  for  many  years  occupied  a place  among  the 
relics  in  Independence  Chamber. 

In  1872  it  was  placed  where  it  now  is,  in  the  vestibule  of  the  State  House, 
upon  its  original  timbers. 


THE  OLD  INDEPENDENCE  BELL. 


Directly  opposite  to  where  the  old  bell  is  placed  is  the  old-fashioned  stair- 
case, leading  up  to  the  steeple  of  Independence  Hall,  from  which  commanding 
altitude  the  visitor  can  obtain  a most  picturesque  and  diversified  view  of  the 
great  city  and  its  approaches,  embracing  the  beautiful  Delaware,  the  City  of 
Camden,  and  a lengthened  range  of  the  New  Jersey  shore.  In  the  rear  of 
the  Hall  is  Independence  Square,  newly  and  now  beautifully  laid  out,  grassed 
and  gravelled.  It  was  here  that  the  Declaration  was  first  read  to  the  people. 
Beneath  the  shade  of  her  venerable  trees,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Boger  Sher- 


8 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


man  and  others  of  the  patriotic  signers,  communed  in  private  and  inter- 
changed their  solemn  views  and  sentiments  before  they  cast  the  momentous 
vote,  which  made  their  memories  immortal. 

As  a fitting  memorial  for  this  sacred  spot  there  is  about  to  be  erected 
a colossal  monument  to  Liberty  5 a committee  of  distinguished  Philadelphia 
ladies  being  at  the  head  of  the  noble  and  patriotic  enterprise. 

The  monument  will  be  erected  after  the  design  of  Wm.  W.  Story,  of  Boston, 
in  the  centre  of  the  Square,  on  a spot  of  ground  sixty  feet  square,  especially 
dedicated  to  the  purpose. 

It  will  be  about  sixty  feet  in  height,  and  twenty  feet  in  width  at  the  base.  At 
the  top  is  the  figure  of  Liberty,  twenty-one  feet  high ; upon  her  head  is  the 
Phrygian  cap  of  liberty  ; on  her  breast  is  the  aegis  of  liberty  ; her  right  hand 
grasps  the  American  flag,  and  her  left  hand  rests  upon  the  American  shield, 
hearing  the  national  coat  of  arms.  Upon  the  upper  pedestal  is  a frieze,  or 
procession  of  forty-eight  female  figures,  six  feet  in  height,  representing  the 
several  States  and  Territories ; upon  the  front  of  the  lower  pedestal  is  the 
national  emblem — the  eagle  and  thirteen  stars ; on  the  other  three  sides  are 
the  emblems  of  Agriculture,  of  Commerce,  of  Literature  and  of  Arts;  and 
below  these  are  the  coats  of  arms  of  each  State  and  Territory.  At  the  corners 
of  the  lower  base  are  four  heads  of  the  American  bison,  or  buffalo,  typical  of 
our  boundless  Western  prairies;  the  whole  forming  a noble,  majestic  and 
beautiful  design,  unlike  any  other  ever  erected,  the  product  of  American 
genius,  and  a fitting  tribute  from  the  American  people  to  the  memory  of  the 
noble  men  who  gained  for  themselves,  and  bequeathed  to  their  posterity,  the 
priceless  heritage  of  free  government. 

As  the  visitor  passes,  or  approaches  Independence  Hall,  another  object 
of  patriotic  interest  arrests  the  eye.  A beautiful  statue  of  Washington  in 
white  marble,  on  a square  pedestal,  presented  by  the  School  Children’s 
Washington  Monument  Association  of  Philadelphia.  A noble  testimonial  from 
the  children  of  America  to  the  “ Father  of  his  country.” 

At  the  south-west  corner  of  this  block  of  venerable  buildings,  is  the  present 
Mayor’s  Office,  the  Central  Police  and  Telegraph  Station,  and  on  the  Fifth 
street  side,  the  rooms  of  that  ancient  and  world-renowned  institution,  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  established  by  Franklin  and  his  learned  and 
sound  scientific  contemporaries.  Dr.  Franklin  Bache,  grandson  of  the  great 
philosopher  being,  until  his  death,  one  of  its  secretaries 

POST  OFFICE. 

On  Chestnut  Street,  below  Fifth  Street,  South  Side. 

Passing  along  Chestnut  street  from  Independence  Hall,  with  a grand  view 
of  massive  public  buildings  of  marble  and  granite  on  either  side,  the  first  that 
attracts  your  attention  on  your  right  hand  is  the  Post  Office  of  the  present,  or 


10 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


until  the  new  grand  and  spacious  one,  now  in  course  of  erection  at  Ninth  and 
Chestnut  and  Market  streets  is  completed ; the  present  edifice  is  of  marble, 
and  is,  we  believe,  the  first  building  erected  in  Philadelphia,  after  the  style  of 
Mr.  Mansard,  the  eminent  French  architect;  it  is  likewise  the  first  Post 
Office  ever  built  in  this  city  ; all  buildings  previously  used,  or  parts  of  build- 
ings, were  hired  by  the  U.  S.  Government.  It  was  first  opened  for  the  postal 
service  on  the  23d  of  February,  1863,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  terminating 
with  a banquet. 

On  the  first  floor,  which  is  half  a square  in  length,  the  mails  are  received, 
assorted,  despatched  and  delivered ; in  the  south  end  is  the  carrier’s  depart- 
ment. 

The  second  floor  front  contains  the  Money-Order  and  Letter-Register 
Offices ; the  rear  rooms  are  occupied  by  the  U.  S.  and  Circuit  Courts,  and  also 
by  the  U.  S.  Marshal. 

The  third  floor  front  is  arranged  as  a bunking  or  lodging-room  for  the  difier- 
ent  Route  Agents,  who,  on  delivering  their  vast  freight  of  mails,  and  taking 
a receipt  for  their  Registers,  can  enjoy  a few  hours  of  repose  after  their 
fatiguing  and  responsible  journey. 

CUSTOM  HOUSE. 

Immediately  next  to  the  Post  Office  stands  the  Custom  House.  It  is  de- 
signed from  the  celebrated  Parthenon  of  Athens,  Greece ; and  an  architect 
who  has 

“Stood  upon  Acropolis,” 

in  that  ancient  city  of  architectural  wonders,  states  that  he  believes  it  to  be 
the  best  imitation  of  the  Parthenon  ever  constructed. 

This  beautiful  structure  was  planned  and  erected  as  the  U.  S.  Bank,  and  was 
completed  in  the  early  part  of  1824,  at  a cost  of  $600,000.  The  material  is  of 
the  finest  white  marble ; has  a front  on  Chestnut  street  and  also  on  Library 
street ; each  distinguished  by  eight  fluted  Doric  columns,  27  feet  in  height  and 
four  feet  and  a half  in  diameter.  From  its  classic  design,  of  course,  it  originally 
had  no  windows,  all  the  light  being  received  from  above. 

On  the  second  step  of  the  dias,  upon  which  the  building  stands,  there  was 
originally  an  ornamental  railing,  but  this  was  removed  previous  to  the  grand 
pageant  on  the  entrance  of  General  La  Fayette  as  “the  nation’s  guest,”  in  Sep- 
tember, 1824,  on  which  occasion  the  entire  front,  from  the  lowest  step  up  to 
the  columns  above,  were  lined  with  war-worn  veterans,  bearing  a large  flag, 
lettered : 

“ ’76,”  and,  “ Surviving  Soldiers  of  the  Revolution.” 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION 


11 


U.  S.  CUSTOM  HOUSE. 


Some  in  faded  and  tattered  Continental  uniforms  ; some  upon  crutches  ; others 
with  a wooden  leg,  or  an  “empty  sleeve  5”  and  when  the  distinguished  hero 
of  two  hemispheres  approached  this  point,  there  was  a burst  of  enthusiasm 
and  of  feeling  from  the  steps,  as  well  as  from  the  line,  seldom  to  be  witnessed. 
Yes,  those  same  marble  steps,  which  people  now  so  thoughtlessly  ascend,  were 
on  that  day  moistened  with  the  tears  of  war-worn  veterans  of  1776. 

The  next  building  of  revolutionary  interest,  and  second  only  to  the  Hall  of 
Independence,  is 

CARPENTERS’  HALL, 

Located  in  Carpenters’  Court,  in  the  rear  of  Chestnut  below  Fourth  streets, 
on  the  south  side.  The  entrance  to  the  Court  is  marked  by  a new  and  beauti- 
ful business  structure  of  the  Florentine  style  of  design. 

It  was  in  Carpenters’  Hall  that  the  Colonial  Congress  of  1774  met,  with 
Peyton  Randolph,  as  President.  George  Washington  also  attended  here  as  a 
delegate  from  Virginia. 


12 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


The  venerable  building 
is  well  kept ; is  in  a good 
state  of  preservation ; the 
visitor  has  merely  to  draw 
the  bell-pull ; state  his  ob- 
ject, and  he  is  admitted. 

Passing  still  down  Chest- 
nut street  a few  steps,  we 
meet  with  a narrow  tho- 
roughfare, on  the  north 
side,  now  called  Hudson 
street,  previously  known 
as  Franklin  Place,  and 
originally  known  as  Frank- 
lin Court.  It  was  near  the 
northern  end  of  this  street, 
in  a brick  tenement,  that 
Benj amin  F ranklin  had  his 
printing  office,  and  worked 
his  famed  hand-press,  “ the 
carpenters’  hall.  ■ Franklin.”  Most  of  the 

old  dwellings  in  this  street  belonged  to  Dr.  Franklin,  and  the  property  but  a 
few  years  since  was  still  in  the  hands  of  his  eminent  grandson,  the  late  Dr. 
Franklin  Bache. 

The  building  No.  7,  is  probably  the  last  relic  of  the  Doctor’s  office. 

Proceeding  still  down  Chestnut  street,  a few  steps  east  of  Third  street,  and 
we  pass  the  first  bank  establishment  in  the  United  States, 

THE  BANK  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

established  by  Act  of  Congress,  in  1781. 

As  Thomas  Paine,  in  his  famous  paper  said,  “money,  the  sinew  of  war,  was 
wanting.”  This  desideratum  through  this  agency,  proposed  and  sustained  by 
Robert  Morris,  the  Revolutionary  financier,  was  supplied,  public  credit  and 
means  were  again  secured,  and  the  war  brought  to  a successful  termination. 

Proceeding  to  Third  street,  and  going  upwards  towards  Market  street,  you 
have  a view  of  “ the  money  market,”  and  the  great  mart  of  money  brokers, 
money  changers,  and  money  mongers. 

Passing  down  Third  street,  from  Chestnut  street,  you  come  to  another  relic 
of  old  commercial  times — immediately  opposite  Dock  street — 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION 


13 


THE  GIRARD  BANK. 

This  was  erected  in  1795,  for  the  U.  S.  Government — ^but  was  subsequently 
purchased  from  it  by  the  great  and  benevolent  merchant  and  banker,  Stephen 
Girard,  our  city’s  greatest  benefactor.  Although  somewhat  dimmed  by  the 
hand  of  time  and  the  elements,  it  is  a beautiful  and  classic  structure.  Since  the 
decease  of  Mr.  Girard,  it  is  still  used  for  banking  and  for  city  purposes,  and 
still  bears  his  honored  name.  Up  to  this  point  the  sand  barges  and  oyster 
crafts  used  to  come  with  the  tide,  and  unload  their  freight. 


merchant’s  exchange. 

Continuing  down  Third  street  to  Walnut,  where  once  the  tide-waters  of  the 
Delaware  through  Dock  creek,  now  Dock  street,  formerly  washed  the  sand- 
banks, instead  of  the  money  banks  of  this  locality,  we  enter  by  a marble 
floorway 

THE  MERCHANT’S  EXCHANGE, 

The  place  where  merchants  most  do  congregate.”  A beautifully  blue” 
marble  structure,  of  Grecian  architecture,  an  imitation  of  the  lantern  of 
Demosthenes.  It  possesses  three  fronts — one  on  Walnut  street,  one  on 
Third  street,  and  one  semi-circular  and  columned  front  on  Dock  street, 
on  the  east  which  is  approached  by  two  flights  of  marble  steps,  each  sur- 
mounted by  a couchant  lion.  By  the  steps  on  the  east  you  reach  the  “ Grand 


14 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Reading  Room,”  or  news  department,  very  liberally  supplied  with  newspapers 
from  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world,  and  to  which  strangers  are  freely  ad- 
mitted on  application  to  either  of  the  clerks.  Subscribers  to  the  rooms  can 
furnish  their  friends  (visitors  to  the  city)  with  passes  for  admission  at  any 
time. 

A record  is  here  kept  of  the  arrival,  clearance  and  departure  of  vessels.  Tele- 
graphs are  continually  kept  up  from  the  Delaware  Breakwater.  It  is  in  fact, 
the  prime  seat  of  all  marine  intelligence  for  this  meridian.  The  Board  of 
Brokers  hold  their  meetings  in  a large  and  appropriate  saloon  in  this  building, 
and  a visitor  will  not  find  the  bulls  and  bears  as  couchant  as  the  lions  I 


WILLIAM  PENN  SLATE  ROOF  MANSION. 


Passing  down  the  marble  steps  we  cross  Dock  street  to  Walnut  street,  from 
thence  to  Second  street,  and  a few  yards  north  on  the  east  side,  we  view  the  new 
Commercial  Exchange,  immediately  on  the  site  of  the  old 

WILLIAM  PENN  SLATE  ROOF  MANSION, 

and  constructed  (but  with  added  stories)  in  imitation  of  that  antique  structure. 
The  former  famous  edifice  the  writer  well  remembers  from  his  childhood,  with 
its  drab-colored  bricks  and  dark  slate  roof,  looking  like  some  corpulent  old 
Quaker  gentleman  in  his  drab  suit  and  dark  broad-brimmed  hat.  Here  William 
Penn  resided  with  his  family,  after  his  return  to  America,  in  the  year  1700, 
and  here,  a son  was  born,  shortly  after  his  arrival — hence  called  the  American 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


15 


Penn.  Generals  Washington,  Lee,  and  numerous  other  worthies  were 
afterwards  guests  or  occupants  of  the  mansion.  Its  last  tenants  were 
Messrs.  Marshall  & Tempest^  silver-smiths ; the  space  between  the  two 
wings  being  occupied  as  a cake  and  confectionary  stand  until  1867,  when 
the  building  was  torn  down  and  the  present  edifice  erected  on  its  site. 

We  will  now  take  the  visitor  to  the  first  permanent  residence  of  Penn,  and 
the  first  brick  dwelling  erected  in  the  city.  Proceeding  up  Second  street  to 
Chestnut  street,  we  pass  east  on  the  north  side,  and  arrive  at  a short  thorough- 
fare consisting  of  large  mercantile  dwellings,  and  named  Letitia  street — 
originally  called  Letitia  court,  and  named  after  a daughter  of  Penn.  Upon  the 
west  side  of  this  street,  the  visitor  will  see  a low  and  old-fashioned  edifice  in 
marked  contrast  with  its  modern  and  lofty  surroundings,  this  was 

PENN’S  FIRST  AMERICAN  DWELLING. 

It  was  originally  surrounded  with  large  beautiful  lawns  and  out-buildings. 
It  was  noted  as  the  residence  of  General  Benedict  Arnold,  when  he  became 
commandant  of  Philadelphia,  and  ruled  it  with  his  most  ostentatious  and 
tyranical  sway.  It  gradually  lost  its  respectable  name  and  dimensions — be- 
came a sort  of  a semi-rustic  “ public  house  ” for  farmers  to  stop  at  when  they 
brought  their  produce  to  market.  It  is  now  an  ordinary  tavern  and  lager-beer 
house,  styled  the  William  Penn  Hotel,  No.  10  Letitia  street. 


“ Sic  transit  Gloria  Mundi.” 


PENN’s  .first  AMERICAN  DWELLING  IN  1682. 


16 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Over  the  sign  is  a portrait  of  William  Penn,  on  each  side  of  which  is  the 
date  of  its  erection — “ 1682.”  Many  errors  have  crept  into  print  regarding 
the  orignal  Penn  Mansion,  but  this  is  substantially  correct. 

Conducting  the  visitor  through  Letitia  street  to  Market  street,  we  pass  up 
to  Second  street,  thence  to  Church  street,  and  arrive  at  one  of  the  most  cele- 
brated religious  relics  of  America,  viz : 

CHRIST  CHURCH. 

This  venerated  structure  was  completed  in  1753,  having  been  twenty-six 
years  in  the  course  of  erection  and  finish. 

It  is  erected  on  the  site  of  the  first  church  built  by  the  followers  of  Penn,  in 
1695,  which,  it  is  said,  remained  until  the  new  building  enclosed  it,  when  the 
frame  building  was  taken  out  piecemeal.  The  lot  is  132x133  feet;  the  main 
building  is  of  brick,  61x90  feet,  with  a tower  at  the  west  end  28  feet  square ; this 
is  built  of  stone,  faced  with  brick,  4 feet  thick,  and  contains  a chime  of  eight 
bells,  the  oldest  and  best  in  America ; they  were  cast  in  London,  England,  in 
1754,  by  Thomas  Lester  and  Thomas  Peck.  They  rang  the  peal  for  Inde- 
pendence in  1776  with  the  old  State  House  Bell,  and  will  doubtless  ring  its 
Centennial  peal  in  1876.  These  chimes  are  upheld  by  massive  timbers,  which 

The  steeple  is  195  feet 
in  height,  and  the  view  ob- 
tained from  the  outlook  is 
beautiful  enough  to  repay 
the  visitor  for  ascending 
the  tortuous  stairs.  The 
Delaware,  with  its  steam- 
ers, ships,  ferry  and  pleas- 
ure boats,  plying  up  and 
down  the  river ; its  wharves 
crowded  with  vessels  of  all 
sizes,  from  the  great  ocean 
steamers  of  the  “Ameri- 
can Line,”  to  the  diminu- 
tive yacht;  its  islands  in 
midstream;  the  immense 
Naval  Station  nt  League 
Island,  and  the  city  of 
Camden  on  the  opposite 
shore,  with  Gloucester  and 
the  level  sands  of  New 
Jersey  in  the  distance,  is 


are  as  sound  as  when  put  in  over  a century  ago. 


CHRIST  CHURCH. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


17 


spread  like  a panorama  for  miles  ; while  inland  the  eye  takes  in  the  greater 
portion  of  the  city ; to  the  west  is  seen  the  massive  tower  of  the  Masonic  Temple, 
and  further  away,  north-west,  Girard  College  stands  boldly  out;  the  dome  of 
the  Cathedral,  and  the  Moorish  dome  of  the  Jewish  Synagogue,  and  scores  of 
church  spires ; bits  of  green,  here  and  there,  indicating  the  public  squares  or 
parks,  and  beyond  all,  the  beautiful  Fairmount  Park  and  the  open  country, 
is  seen. 

Over  this  sacred  pile  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  White — the  first  American 
Bishop — presided.  He  was  baptized  here,  and  was  connected  with  it  sixty- 
four  years.  Here  Benjamin  Franklin  was  a pewholder  from  1730  to  1790; 
Washington  and  family  were  worshippers  from  1790  to  1797  ; the  pews  of  both 
are  still  preserved.  The  illustrious  La  Fayette  attended  worship  here  in  his 
first  years  in  America,  and  also  on  his  return  in  1824.  Queen  Anne  pre- 
sented the  Parish  with  several  pieces  of  the  communion  plate,  also  books  for 
the  library.  The  first  General  Convention  met  here  in  1785,  to  frame  the 
Constitution  of  the  Church,  and  again  in  1789,  when  they  ratified  and  estab- 
lished the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Administration  of  the  Sacrament,  etc., 
and  declared  it  to  be  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church. 

Returning  to  the  historical  locality  of  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets,  we  pass  down 
Fifth  street  to  Library  street,  to 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  LIBRARY, 


Founded  by  Dr.  Franklin,  Thos.  Cadwallader,  and  several  worthy  associates, 
in  the  year  1731.  It  is  rendered  conspicuous  by  a statue  of  its  founder  in  a 
niche  over  the  entrance,  presented  by  Mr.  Bingham,  a citizen  of  great  wealth 
and  liberality.  The  present  building  contains  over  125,000  volumes,  all  of 
which  are  soon  to  be  transferred  to  a grand  and  massive  structure  of  light 
granite,  facing  the  east  side  of  South  Broad  street,  between  Christian  and 
Carpenter  streets,  and  embracing  nearly  the  whole  of  that  space.  The  edifice 
is  in  the  most  striking  style  of  Grecian  architecture  in  beautiful  sculpture,  and 
bas-relief,  etc.,  and  comes  through  the  will  and  bequest  of  the  late  and  emi- 
nent Dr.  Benjamin  Rush.  It  is  probably  the  largest  and  grandest  library 
building  in  the  United  States,  having  a front  facing  Broad  street  of  230 
feet,  and  a depth  of  405  feet.  The  central  building,  with  a beautiful  wing  on 
the  right  and  left,  rests  upon  a terrace  ; the  centre  or  main  structure  is  sup- 
ported by  eight  beautiful  Doric  columns— the  wings  by  four  of  the  same 
order — all  being  thirty  feet  in  height ; the  entrances  and  interior  are  of  a mas- 
sive and  classic  beauty  in  keeping  with  the  exterior ; making  the  edifice 

1* 


18 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


a structure  of  enduring  beauty,  as  well  as  usefulness.  Visitors  received  from 
9 A.  M.  till  4 P.  M. 

To  the  stranger,  coming  to  Philadelphia  from  the  south,  this  is  the  first 
imposing  building  that  meets  his  eye  on  emerging  from  the  Baltimore  Depot, 
at  Broad  street  and  Washington  avenue. 

Proceeding  up  Broad  street,  the  longest  thoroughfare  of  any  city  in 
the  world,  at  the  north-west  corner  of  Broad  and  Pine  streets  the  visitor 
meets  a spacious  and  imposing  edifice,  with  a wide  portico  and  pillars,  which  is 

THE  PENNSYLVANIA  INSTITUTION  FOB  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

The  institution  was  erected  in  1820,  the  first  building  was  at  the  corner  of 
Eleventh  and  Market  streets,  where  the  Bingham  House  now  stands.  The 
present  structure,  excepting  the  recent  building  on  Pine  street,  was  erected  in 
1825.  Deaf  mutes,  of  both  sexes,  are  received  here — clothed,  fed  and  educated 
in  such  branches  and  arts,  as  will  enable  them  to  perform  the  duties  of  life, 
and  such  occupations  as  enable  them  to  provide  for  themselves  after  leaving 
the  institution. 

The  cost  of  the  new  building  and  the  renovation  of  the  old  ones,  exclusive 
of  furniture,  was  $150,000,  of  which  $50,000  has  been  paid  by  contributions, 
and  it  is  expected  that  the  State  will  appropriate  $100,000,  as  it  is  virtually  a 
State  institutiop. 

Continuing  our  progress  up  Broad  street,  we  view  the  new  and  sacred  edi- 
fice of  composite  architecture,  constructed  of  stone  of  varied  shapes  and 
colors,  and  various  and  diversified  ornamental  bearings,  the  Beth-Eden 
Church,  Broad  and  Spruce  streets.  It  is  under  the  present  pastorate  of  the 
able  and  learned  Rev.  J.  Wheaton  Smith. 

HORTICULTURAL  HALL, 

BROAD  STREET  ABOVE  SPRUCE  STREET, 

Built  by  the  Horticultural  Society  in  1868,  for  the  exhibition  of  rare  horti- 
cultural products — which  occur  twice  in  the  year — and  which  present  the 
most  gorgeous  display  imaginable.  It  is  likewise  used  for  concerts  and  other 
entertainments  of  a high  order  5 the  building  being  furnished  with  a beautiful 
stage,  an  elegant  drop-curtain,  and  scenery  of  the  very  first  order. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION, 


19 


THE  ACADEMY  OF  MUSIC. 

On  the  occasion  of  great  exhibitions  or  entertainments,  it  is  connected  by 
an  ornamental  bridge  with 


THE  ACADEMY  OF  MUSIC, 

Located  at  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Broad  and  Locust  streets,  or  more  properly 
speaking, 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  GRAND  OPERA  HOUSE; 

being  the  most  elegant,  complete  and  commodious  structure  of  the  kind  in 
America  or  England.  Prior  to  the  selection  of  the  plan,  all  Europe  was 
searched  for  models,  experience  and  guide.  It  has  140  feet  of  front,  on  Broad 
street,  240  on  Locust  street — about  100  feet  depth  of  stage,  which  is  90  feet  in 
width,  and  about  the  same  in  height — and  will  conveniently  seat  three  thou- 
sand persons,  all  of  whom  can  command  a clear  and  unobstructed  view  of 
the  stage.  The  acoustic  advantages  are  considered,  by  operatic  artists  and 


20 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


critics,  to  excel  those  of  any  similar  establishment ; the  lobbies,  corridors,  stair- 
ways and  approaches  to  the  auditorium  seats,  are  of  the  most  substantial  and 
magnificent  character  •,  the  dressing-rooms,  spacious  and  liberally  furnished 
and  adapted.  It  was  formally  opened  with  a grand  ball,  January  26,  1857. 

Still  proceeding  up  Broad  street,  on  the  left,  or  west  side  above  W alnut 
street,  we  approach  an  ornamental  structure  of  brick,  with  brown  stone  facing, 
in  the  French  order  of  construction,  and  of  much  political  patriotic  loyal 
celebrity — 

THE  UNION  LEAGUE 


Building  or  Club-house.  This  handsome  edifice,  and  its  present  fraternity  of 
wealth  and  loyalty,  grew  out  of  an  organization  established  in  1862,  with  a 

view  of  aiding,  in  every 
possible  way,  the  salvation 
of  the  Union.  A small 
organization  occupied  at 
first  a portion  of  a house 
on  the  north  side  of  Chest- 
nut street,  above  Eleventh 
street.  It  now  can  boast 
a league  of  patriots,  num- 
bering between  two  and 
three  thousand.  From  the 
steps  of  the  present  edifice, 
some  of  the  best  states- 
men of  the  nation  have 
addressed  assembled  thou- 
sands, amid  pyrotechnical 
displays  in  keeping  with 
the  objects  of  their  patri- 
otic designs. 


THE  UNION  LEAGUE. 


Directly  above  the  League  House,  is  the  old  building  of 


THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 

which  institution  contained  the  largest  collection  in  the  world,  of  preparations 
in  zoology,  entomology,  conchology,  ornithology,  mamology,  ethenology,  etc.; 
in  fact,  of  everything  embracing  the  subject  of  natural  science,  all  of  which, 
with  its  ponderous  library,  have  been  transferred  to  the  new  and  immense 
structure  at  Nineteenth  and  Race  streets. 


AXD  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION 


21 


Admittance  to  the  public  on  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays,  from  2 o’clock  P.  M., 
for  the  very  trifling  fee  of  ten  cents. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  we  see  the  beautiful  structure,  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  the  late  Dr.  Chambers,  upon  the  site  of  the  Vaux  Hall 
Summer  Theatre,  opened  on  the  4th  of  July,  1825. 

A few  paces  upward,  we  have  a south  view  of  the 

NEW  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS, 

BROAD  AND  MARKET  STS. 

On  this  site,  sixty  years  ago,  stood  the  Philadelphia  AYaterworks.  The 
enclosure,  although  a perfect  circle,  was  called  Centre  Square,  and  contained 
a beautiful  fountain.  After  the  removal  of  the  AYaterworks,  it  was  used  as  a 
public  walk  and  for  4th  of  July  celebrations.  It  was  subsequently  divided 
into  four  small  squares  or  walks,  handsomely  laid  out  and  gravelled,  and 
called  Penn  Square.  One  hundred  and  eighty-six  years  ago,  when  this  City 
and  this  Province  were  a wilderness,  AYilliam  Penn,  then  the  Proprietor, 
dedicated  this  very  spot  of  ground  as  the  suitable  site  for  the  Public  Buildings 
of  his  projected  city.  On  the  5th  day  of  August,  1870,  the  Legislature  of  this 
Commonwealth,  by  the  passage  of  a law,  provided  for  the  erection  of  the 
Public  Buildings,  either  on  AA^ashington  Square,  or  on  Penn  Square,  as  the 
legally  qualified  voters  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  might  determine  at  the 


NEW  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


23 


general  election  to  be  held  in  October,  1870 — the  election  resulting  out  of  a 
total  of  84,450  votes  in  a majority  of  18,800  in  favor  of  Penn  Square.  On 
the  IGth  day  of  August,  1871,  the  ground  was  broken  by  John  Bice,  Esq., 
then  President  of  the  Commission.  The  first  stone  of  the  foundation  was  laid 
at  2 o’clock,  P.  M.,  on  the  12th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1873.  The  contract  for 
the  granite  basement  was  awarded  November  19,  1872,  for  $515,000,  and 
work  was  commenced  under  contract  March  24,  1873.  The  contract  for  the 
marble  work  of  the  superstructure  was  awarded  on  the  7th  of  October,  1873, 
for  $5,300,000;  and  the  first  block  set  in  the  walls  July  3,  1874.  The 
corner-stone,  a fine  block  of  white  marble,  weighing  about  eight  tons, 
with  the  following  inscription — “ Corner  Stone  of  the  Public  Buildings  of  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  laid  July  4th,  1874,  in  the  presence  of  the  Mayor  of 
the  city,  the  Select  and  Common  Councils,  heads  of  Departments,  and  other 
distinguished  civil,  military,  and  naval  officials,  and  a large  concourse  of  citizens, 
by  Alfred  R.  Potter,  Esq.,  R.  W.  Grand  Master  of  Masons  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Masonic  jurisdiction  thereunto  belonging,  assisted  by  his  Grand  Officers,  and  ac- 
cording to  the  ancient  ceremonies  of  the  craft,  orator,  Benj  amin  Harris  Brewster,’  ’ 
etc.,  was  laid  with  Masonic  ceremonies,  on  Saturday,  July  4th,  1874,  at  twelve 
o’clock  noon,  in  the  presence  of  a vast  assemblage  of  distinguished  citizens 
and  strangers.  The  building  is  surrounded  by  a grand  avenue,  135  feet  wide 
on  the  southern,  eastern  and  western  fronts,  and  205  feet  wide  on  the  northern 
front.  The  plan  submitted  by  Mr.  John  McArthur,  Jr.,  Architect,  was 
adopted.  It  is  essentially  modern  in  its  leading  features,  and  presents  a rich 
example  of  what  is  known  by  the  generic  term  of  the  “Renaissance  ” modi- 
fied and  adapted  to  the  varied  and  extensive  requirements  of  a great  American 
municipality.  It  is  designed  in  the  spirit  of  French  art,  admirable  in  its 
ornamentation,  while  the  whole  effect  is  one  of  massive  dignity,  worthy  of  us 
and  our  posterity.  This  immense  architectural  pile  covers,  exclusive  of  the 
court-yard,  an  area  of  nearly  4}  acres,  and  consists  of  one  building,  surround- 
ing an  interior  court-yard.  The  north  and  south  fronts  measure  470  feet ; the 
east  and  west,  4862-  l^et  in  their  extreme  length.  The  four  fronts  are  similar 
in  their  design.  In  the  centre  of  each,  an  entrance  pavilion,  of  90  feet  in 
width,  rises  to  the  height  of  185  feet,  having  receding  wings,  of  128  feet  eleva- 
tion. The  fronts  terminate  at  the  four  corners  with  towers  or  pavilions  of  51 
feet  square,  and  145  feet  high. 

The  whole  exterior  is  bold  and  effective  in  outline,  and  rich  in  detail ; being 
elaborated  with  highly  ornate  columns,  pilasters,  pediments,  cornices,  enriched 
windows,  and  other  appropriate  endowments. 

From  the  north  side  of  this  space  rises  a grand  tower,  which  will  gracefully 
adorn  the  Public  Buildings,  and  at  the  same  time  will  be  a crowning  feature 
•of  the  city,  as  St.  Peter’s  is  of  Rome,  and  St.  Paul’s  of  London. 


COURT-YARD,  NEW  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


25> 


The  tower  which  is  so  deeply  and  strongly  founded,  is  90  feet  square  at  the 
base,  falling  off  at  each  story,  until  it  becomes,  at  the  spring  of  the  dome,  an. 
octagon  of  50  feet  in  diameter.  . A statue  of  the  founder  of  Pennsylvania,  20 
feet  in  height,  will  crown  the  structure  and  complete  the  extraordinary  atti- 
tude of  450  feet,  making  it  the  highest  tower  in  the  world.  The  entire  struc- 
ture will  contain  520  rooms,  giving  ample,  convenient  and  stately  provision 
for  all  the  Departments  of  the  city  government,  including  heat,  light  and 
ventilation,  and  the  whole  is  to  be  absolutely  fire-proof  and  indestructible. 
The  several  stories  will  be  reached  by  four  large  elevators,  placed  at  the  inter- 
sections of  the  leading  corriders.  In  addition  to  these  there  will  be  large  and 
convenient  stairways,  in  the  four  corner  buildings,  and  a grand  staircase  in 
each  of  the  centre  pavilions  on  the  north,  south  and  east  fronts.  It  is  com- 
puted that  the  entire  cost  of  the  work  will  be  near  ten  millions  of  dollars. 

A little  further  up  Broad  street,  and  the  eye  is  arrested  by  the  towering, 
sublime  and  solid  edifice,  the 

NEW  MASONIC  TEMPLE, 

N.  E.  CORNER  OF  BROAD  AND  FILBERT  STREETS. 

On  Chestnut  street  above  Seventh,  stands  what  is  now  known  as  the  old 
Masonic  Temple,  and  which  is  the  third  Masonic  structure  erected  upon  that 
spot — the  first  was  destroyed  by  fire,  the  second  demolished  to  give  place  to 
the  one  now  standing,  which  becoming  too  small  for  the  purposes  of  tho 
vastly  increasing  and  powerful  fraternity,  the  still  beautiful  building  was 
disposed  of,  and  the  present  grand  and  gorgeous  Temple  erected,  at  a cost  of 
$1,540,000. 

The  building  is  250  feet  long,  by  150  feet  wide,  in  style  of  the  Norman  school, 
two  stories  and  entresol,  with  pinnacles  and  towers — main  tower,  240  feet 
from  the  base — foundation  31  feet  below  the  level  of  the  street. 

It  is  constructed  of  granite,  every  massive  stone  of  which  was  dressed  and 
prepared  at  the  quarry,  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  in  readiness  to  fit  its  place ; and  like 
the  first  Masonic  Temple,  that  of  King  Solomon,  it  was  “ builded  without 
noise.” 

The  corner-stone  was  laid  June  24th,  1868,  with  appropriate  Masonic  cere- 
monies ; and  was  dedicated  to  the  brethren  of  the  order,  September  26th, 
1873,  in  the  presence  of  the  largest  and  grandest  assemblage  of  the  order 
ever  before  collected  in  the  Union. 

The  interior  has  one  Main  hall,  of  Doric  architecture,  sweeping  through 
from  end  to  end,  250  feet  long  and  20  feet  wide  •,  on  either  side  are  the  rooms 
set  apart  for  the  officials  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  fitted  up  in  the  most  approved 
manner  5 on  this  floor,  also,  is  the  “Grand  Banqueting  Hall,”  of  the  com- 
posite order  of  architecture,  with  decorations  of  flowers,  game  and  fruit ; the 


(»I,I)  MASOXIC  TEMPLE, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


27 


room  is  105  feet  long,  52  feet  wide,  ceiling,  30  feet,  with  accommodations  for 
seating  500  persons.  Upon  this  floor  there  is  one  lodge-room,  called  the 
Oriental  Hall,  from  its  style  of  architecture ; it  will  seat  200  persons  ; its 
decorations  and  furniture  strictly  accord  with  the  Oriental  style,  as  do  all 
the  decorations  and  furniture  of  all  parts  of  the  Temple  conform  to  the 
style  of  architecture  of  the  rooms  in  which  they  are  placed.  The  heating  and 
ventilating  apparatus  are  wonders.  The  water  is  supplied  from  two  sources, 
partly  from  the  city,  hut  the  main  supply  is  from  a well  beneath  the  tower, 
which  is  forced  into  four  cedar  tanks,  of  four  thousand  gallons  capacity  each, 
placed  at  different  parts  of  the  building.  The  principal  floor  is  divided  into 
lodge-rooms;  that  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  the  largest;  it  is  105  feet  long, 
51  feet  wide,  ceiling,  50  feet  high ; will  seat  800  persons ; it  is  in  pure 


THE  NEW  MASONIC  TEMPLE, 


28 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Corinthian  style.  Grand  Chapter  Hall  is  90  feet  long,  50  feet  wide  and 
50  feet  high,  and  is  in  the  Italian  Renaissance  style,  and  will  seat  600  per- 
sons. The  Commandery  Rooms  are  situated  in  Eastern  Entresol,  above  the 
principal  floor,  of  Gothic  architecture,  and  will  seat  500  persons. 

The  suite  consists  of  the  Asylum,  Council  Chamber,  Banqueting  Hall^ 
Armory  and  Regalia  Room  ; all  are  grandly  magnificent. 

The  remaining  rooms  are  the  Egyptian,  Ionic  and  Norman  Halls,  with 
others ; each  a marvel  of  beauty. 

James  H.  Windrim,  Architect. 

On  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Penn  Square,  or  Merrick  and  Filbert  streets,  is 

THE  SCHOOL  OF  DESIGN  FOR  WOMEN, 

a most  worthy  and  noble  institution,  established  for  the  education  of  females^ 
in  all  the  various  branches  of  art ; including  drawing,  designing,  painting, 
moulding,  etc.,  thereby  opening  to  the  feminine  sex  a new  pathway  to  self-sup- 
port, usefulness  and  fame. 

This  institution  receives  an  annual  appropriation  from  the  State  of  $3,000, 
in  return  for  which  it  admits  ten  free  pupils,  graduates  of  the  High  School, 
for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Next  in  order  of  imposing  and  elaborate  structure,  and  adjoining  the  Masonic 
Temple,  is  the  Arch  Street  M.  E.  Church.  It  is  of  Gothic  architecture,  of 
pure  white  marble,  so  entirely  white,  that  it  almost  pains  the  sight  5 appear- 
ing at  the  first  glance,  like  a lofty  pile  of  glittering  and  solid  snow  piled 
up,  and  fashioned  and  cut  into  architectural  shapes.  The  height  of  the 
spire  is  233  feet. 

Passing  the  new  and  imposing  building,  the  Lutheran  Church,  on  the 
S.  W.  corner,  the  site  of  the  old  Arch  Street  Prison,  and  the  First 
Baptist  Church  on  the  opposite  corner,  both  of  grand  architectural  beauty 
and  elaborate  finish,  with  Gothic  sides  and  towering  spires,  we  meet 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  FINE  ARTS, 

BROAD  AND  CHERRY  STREETS. 

This  new  Temple  of  Art  is  a magnificent  structure,  with  its  wide  galleries, 
halls  and  niches,  and  its  immense  treasury  of  paintings,  sculpture,  models, 
statues,  etc.,  by  the  first  artists  of  Europe  and  America;  including  the  best 
works  by  Benjamin  AVest,  Stuart  Nagle,  and  AYashington  Allston,  the  late 
Thomas  Sully  of  our  city,  etc.,  and  the  relics,  cartes,  impressions  and 
fac-similes  of  Grecian  and  Roman  antiquity. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  29 


THE  ACADEMY  OF  FINE  ARTS. 


During  the  occupancy  of  the  old  classical  hut  diminutive  structure  on 
Chestnut  street  below  Eleventh  street,  its  annual  exhibitions  were  among  the 
most  interesting  and  attractive  in  our  city  to  visitors  of  taste  and  culture. 
Unfortunately,  the  building  took  fire  in  1845,  by  which  many  of  its  rare  treas- 
ures in  art  were  injured  or  destroyed.  Most  of  these,  at  very  great  expense 
and  research  have  been  replaced  from  other  sources,  and  with  the  great  and 
splendid  additions  now  on  hand,  the  Academy  will  form  as  rich  a cabinet  of 
fine  arts  as  any  city  in  the  Union. 

The  building  is  fire-proof  throughout,  and  is  on  a lot  100x260  feet.  It  cost, 
exclusive  of  ground,  about  $250,000.  The  architecture  is  modified  Gothic. 

Continuing  up  Broad  street  as  far  as  Green,  we  come  to  the  Boys’  Central  High 
School,  on  the  south-east  corner  5 a rather  plain  brick  edifice,  surmounted  by 
an  observatory,  which  contains  a complete  set  of  meteorological  and  astro- 
nomical instruments.  On  the  opposite,  or  north-east  corner,  is  the  North 
Broad  Street  Presbyterian  Church,  built  of  brown  stone  in  the  Norman  style 
of  architecture.  Adjoining  this  is  the  Jewish  Synagogue  Bodef  Shalom.  Its 
Saracenic  style  of  architecture  and  its  elaborate  ornamentation,  produces  a 
novel  contrast  with  the  prevailing  styles.  A few  squares  above  this  point 


30 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Broad  street  is  lined  on  both  sides  with  many  very  magnificent  private  resi- 
dences ; attached  to  many  are  beautiful  gardens,  which  for  their  artistic  dis- 
play of  elegant  flowers  and  shrubbery,  interspersed  with  fountains  and  statuary, 
are  rarely  surpassed.  This  combination  of  beauty  and  magnificence  makes 
this  avenue  the  grandest  promenade  in  the  city.  Especially  on  the  Sabbath  is 
it  thronged  with  crowds  of  pedestrians,  while  as  a drive  it  is  popular  at  all 
seasons,  more  particularly  during  winter,  after  a heavy  fall  of  snow,  when  the 
merry  ring  of  the  sleigh  bells,  the  joyful  shouts  of  the  gay  riders,  and  the 
fanciful  sleighs  and  robes,  make  it  a scene  long  to  be  remembered. 

We  will  now  proceed  to  Eighteenth  above  Race  streets,  where  is  situated  the 
Cathedral  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  facing  Logan  Square. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION, 


31 


THE  CATHEDRAL  OF  ST.  PETER  AND  ST.  PAUL. 


\ The  corner-stone  of  this  magnificent  church  was  laid  September  6th,  1846, 

f I and  the  dedication  took  place  with  the  most  solemn  and  characteristic  cere- 
al monies,  November  20th,  1864,  its  present  pastor,  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Wood, 

I (now  Archbishop,)  officiating.  The  architects  were  Napolean  Le  Brun  and 

' i 


32 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


John  Notman,  who  have  succeeded  in  designing  and  erecting  a place  of  wor- 
ship well  worthy  of  their  fame.  The  richness  of  the  interior  is  fully  in  keeping 
with  the  grandeur  of  its  external  effects.  It  is  136  feet  wide  by  216  feet  long. 
The  exterior  diameter  of  the  dome  is  71  feet,  and  its  total  height  210  feet.  The 
interior  of  the  Cathedral  is  cruciform,  and  designed  in  the  most  elaborate 
Corinthian  style.  Unlike  most  buildings,  there  are  no  side  windows,  and  all 
the  light  is  introduced  from  above,  which  taken  in  conjunction  with  the  pre- 
vailing colors  of  the  whole  interior,  resembling  Paris  stone,  marvelously 
heightens  the  architectural  effect.  The  fresco-painting  of  the  Crucifixion, 
the  four  figures  in  chiaroscuro  of  the  four  Apostles,  the  four  medallions  in  the 
corners  of  the  dome  representing  the  Evangelists,  the  painting  in  the  crown  of 
the  dome  of  the  Assumption  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  into  Heaven,  and  the  illus- 
trations in  either  transept  of  the  Nativity  of  our  Lord,  and  the  Adoration  of 
the  Kings  from  the  East,  give  a magnificence  to  the  interior  of  this  noble 
structure  which  will  compare  most  favorably  with  the  cathedrals  of  the  old 
world.  The  facade  consists  of  a portico  of  four  gigantic  columns,  60  feet  high 
and  6 feet  in  diameter,  with  richly-sculptured  bases  and  capitals,  and  on  the 
frieze  are  engraved  the  words,  ^‘Ad  Majorem  Dei  Gloriam.”  The  structure 
cost  upwards  of  a million  dollars. 

Turning  to  the  south  and  west  a few  steps,  and  we  pass 

WILLS’  HOSPITAL  FOR  DISEASES  OF  THE  EYE, 

ON  RACE  STREET  ABOVE  EIGHTEENTH  STREET, 

founded  by  the  late  James  Wills,  of  this  city,  who  nobly  bequeathed  over 
$108,000  for  the  charitable  and  noble  object  mentioned.  The  buildings  are 
neat,  solid  and  spacious,  to  which  are  attached  a large  space  of  ground,  hand- 
somely laid  out,  for  the  airing  of  its  inmates,  looking,  as  it  were,  like  a neat 
little  park. 

Two  days  of  the  week — Wednesday  and  Saturday — are  given  to  clinic 
matters  ; but  out  of  door  patients  are  received  daily  for  advice  and  treatment. 

A well  supplied  dispensary  is  kept  open,  and  the  very  numerous  applicants 
receive  the  best  medical  treatment  from  a staff  of  first-class  physicians. 

Proceeding  out  Race  street  to  Twentieth  street,  at  the  north-west  corner,  the 
visitor  arrives  at  the 

PENNSYLVANIA  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  INSTRUCTION  OF 
THE  BLIND, 

a neat  and  spacious  brick  edifice,  with  ample  grounds,  for  the  education,  in  let- 
ters, arts  and  music,  of  those  born  without  or  deprived  of  sight ; in  the  musical 
branch  of  instruction  they  acquire  remarkable  proficiency,  and  weekly  concerts, 
vocal  and  instrumental,  are  given  to  the  amusement  and  surprise  of  visitors,  on 
Wednesday  of  each  week. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION, 


33 


Pedestrlanating  up  Twentieth  street,  passing,  as  you  cross  the  different  inter- 
secting squares,  rows  of  splendid  dwellings,  including  a number  of  church 
edifices,  you  reach,  after  a few  squares,  Fairmount  avenue;  and  upon  looking 
west  your  eyes  fall  upon  the  walls,  towers  and  parapets  of  a vast  dark  stone , 
structure,  and  proceeding  a square  west  you  are  in  front  of  a penal  institution 
of  celebrity,  both  in  Europe  and  America — 

THE  EASTERN  PENITENTIARY; 
situated  on  the  north  side  of  Fairmount  avenue,  from  Corinthian  avenue, 
above  Twentieth  street,  to  Twenty-second  street. 

The  Legislature,  by  Act  of  March  20,  1821,  authorized  the  construction  of 
the  Eastern  Penitentiary  on  the  principle  of  “ separate  and  solitary  confine- 
ment at  labor.” 

A lot  containing  13  acres  situate  on  Cherry  Hill,  two  miles  north-west  of 
the  State  House,  was  purchased  and  the  corner-stone  of  the  front  building  laid 
on  the  22d  day  of  May,  1823. 

John  Havilaxd,  Architect.  Jacob  Souder,  Superintendent  of  Masonry. 

The  site  is  one  of  the  most  elevated,  airy  and  healthy  in  Philadel- 
phia. It  is  one  of  the  most  solid,  durable  and  extensive  structures  in  the 
United  States.  The  material  with  which  the  edifice  is  built,  is  a greyish 
granite  or  gneis,  employed  in  large  masses ; every  room  is  vaulted  and  fire- 
proof. The  design  and  execution  impart  a grave,  severe  and  awful  character 
to  the  external  aspect  of  this  building.  The  effect  which  it  produces  on  the 
imagination  of  every  passing  spectator,  is  peculiarly  impressive,  solemn  and 
instructive. 


THE  EASTERN  PENITENTIARY 


34 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


This  Penitentiary  is  the  only  edifice  in  this  country  which  is  calculated  to 
convey  to  our  citizens  the  external  appearance  of  those  magnificent  and  pic- 
turesque castles  of  the  middle  age,  which  contribute  so  eminently  to  embellish 
the  scenery  of  Europe.  < ^ 

The  front  of  this  building  is  composed  of  large  blocks  of  hewen  and  squared 
granite ; the  walls  are  twelve  feet  thick  at  the  base,  and  diminish  to  the  top,  where 
they  are  two  and  three  quarter  feet  in  thickness.  A wall  of  thirty  feet  in  height 
above  the  interior  platform  encloses  an  arena  six  hundred  and  forty  feet  square ; 
at  each  angle  of  the  wall  is  a tower  for  the  purpose  of  overlooking  the  estab- 
lishment ; three  towers,  which  will  be  presently  described,  are  situated  near 
the  gate  of  entrance.  The  facade  or  principal  front,  is  six  hundred  and 
seventy  feet  in  length,  and  reposes  on  a terrace,  which,  from  the  inequalities 
of  the  ground,  varies  from  three  to  nine  feet  in  height ; the  basement  or  belt- 
ing course,  which  is  ten  feet  high,  is  scarped,  or  extends  uniformly  the  whole 
length.  The  central  building  is  two  hundred  feet  in  length,  consists  of  two 
projecting  massive  towers  fifty  feet  high,  crowned  by  projecting  embattled 
parapets,  supported  by  pointed  arches,  resting  on  corbels  or  brackets.  The 
pointed  munnioned  windows  in  these  towers  contribute  in  a high  degree  to 
their  picturesque  effect.  The  curtain  between  the  towers  is  forty-one  feet  high, 
and  is  finished  with  a parapet  and  embrasures.  The  pointed  windows  in  it 
are  very  lofty  and  narrow.  The  great  gateway  in  the  centre  is  a very  con- 
spicuous feature  ; it  is  twenty-seven  feet  high  and  fifteen  wide,  and  is  filled  by 
a massive  wrought  iron  port  cullis  and  double  oaken  gates,  studded  with  pro- 
jecting iron  rivets,  the  whole  weighing  several  tons  ; nevertheless  they  can.be 
opened  with  the  greatest  facility.  On  each  side  of  this  entrance  are  enormous 
solid  buttresses  diminishing  in  oflfretts,  and  terminating  in  pinnacles.  A lofty 
octangular  tower,  eighty  feet  high,  containing  an  alarm  bell  and  clock,  sur- 
mounts this  entrance,  and  forms  a picturesque  proportional  centre.  On  each 
side  of  this  main  building,  which  contains  the  apartments  of  the  War- 
den, Keepers,  Domestics,  etc.,  are  screen  wing  walls,  which  appear  to 
constitute  portions  of  the  main  edifice ; they  are  pierced  with  small  blank 
pointed  windows,  and  are  surmounted  by  a parapet ; at  their  extremities  are 
high  octangular  towers  terminating  in  parapets  pierced  by  embrasures.  In  the 
centre  of  the  great  court-yard  is  an  observatory,  whence  long  corridors,  seven 
in  number,  radiate.  On  each  side  of  those  corridors,  the  cells  are  situated 
each  at  right  angles  to  them,  and  communicating  with  them  only  by  small 
openings,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  prisoner  with  food,  and  inspecting 
his  movements  without  attracting  his  attention — other  appertures,  for  the  ad- 
mission of  cool  or  heated  air,  and  for  the  purpose  of  ventilation,  are  provided. 
The  cells  are  warmed  by  heated  air  conducted  by  flues  through  the  whole 
range.  Light  is  admitted  by  a large  circular  glass  in  the  crown  of  the  arch ; 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


35 


the  cells  are  eleven  feet  nine  inches  lonpr,  and  seven  feet  six  inches  wide.  At 
the  extremity  of  the  cell,  opposite  to  the  appertures  for  inspection,  etc.,  pre- 
viously mentioned,  is  the  doorway  containing  two  doors  5 one  a lattice  work  or 
iron  grating  to  admit  the  air  and  secure  the  prisoner  5 the  other  composed  of 
planks  to  exclude  the  air  if  required.  This  door  leads  to  a yard  attached  to  each 
cell  on  the  ground  floor,  eighteen  feet  by  eight,  the  walls  of  which  are  eleven 
and  a half  feet  high.  In  the  second  story  each  prisoner  is  allowed  an  addi- 
tional cell  or  bed-room.  Each  cell  is  furnished  with  a bed-stead,  clothes  rail, 
seat,  shelf,  tin  cup,  wash  basin,  victuals  pan,  looking  glass,  combs,  scrubbing 
brush,  sweeping  brush,  straw  mattress,  one  sheet,  one  blanket  and  one  coverlet. 

Each  cell  is  provided  with  water  by  means  of  a stop-cock.  The  edifice  is 
calculated  to  contain  about  G50  convicts. 

On  the  arrival  of  a prisoner,  he  is  divested  of  his  usual  garments,  his  hair  is 
closely  trimmed,  and  he  undergoes  the  process  of  ablution.  He  is  then  clothed 
in  the  uniform  of  the  prison,  a hood  or  cap  is  drawn  over  his  face,  and  he  is 
conducted  to  his  cell  and  the  bandage  removed.  An  address  is  then  uttered 
by  one  of  the  functionaries  of  the  institution,  in  which  the  consequences  of  his 
crime  are  portrayed,  the  design  to  be  effected  by  his  punishment  manifested, 
and  the  rules  of  the  prison,  as  regards  the  convicts,  amply  delineated,  and  he 
is  then  locked  up  and  left  to  the  salutary  admonition  of  a reproving  conscience, 
and  the  reflections  which  solitude  usually  produce.  In  about  two  weeks  they 
begin  to  feel  all  the  horrors  of  solitude  unemployed.  They  reject,  from  sad  ex- 
perience, the  day  dreams  of  the  sages,  who  amidst  the  very  bosom  of  society 
have  prated  about  the  charms  of  loneliness.  Existence  has  no  charms  unless 
witnessed  by,  or  enjoyed  with,  our  fellow-men.  The  convicts  feel  it  so. 
Ennui  seizes  them,  every  hour  is  irksome,  and  they  supplicate  for  the  means 
of  employment  with  the  most  abject  humility.  They  consider  labor  as  a 
favor,  not  as  a punishment,  and  they  receive  it  as  such. 

Every  convict  is  obliged  to  keep  his  cell  perfectly  clean,  and  great  attention  is 
paid  to  the  cleanliness  of  their  clothing  and  persons.  Besides  the  habitual 
furniture  of  the  cells,  they  receive  a towel,  razor  and  shaving  apparatus. 

The  dress  of  the  convicts  is,  for  winter,  one  roundabout,  one  vest,  and  one 
pair  of  pantaloons,  made  of  cassinett,  or  sometimes  very  thick  cotton  round- 
abouts, lined  all  through,  two  pair  of  wool  stockings,  a pair  of  stout  shoes, 
a muslin  shirt,  and  a hat  or  cap.  If  the  physician  advises  it,  a flannel  shirt  is 
used  instead  of  muslin.  The  shirts  are  changed  once  a week,  and  their  stock- 
ings every  two  weeks. 

In  summer  they  receive  cotton  pantaloons  and  vest,  and  two  clean  shirts 
per  week. 

No  special  uniform  is  adhered  to,  but  such  colors  and  qualities  of  cloth  used, 
as  is  deemed  most  suitable  and ‘convenient. 


36 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


The  food  of  the  convicts  consists  for  breakfast,  one  pint  of  coffee  or  cocoa  5 
dinner — | of  a pound  of  beef  without  bone,  or  J pound  of  pork,  one  pint  of  soup, 
and  as  many  potatoes  as  the  prisoner  wishes — occasionally  boiled  rice  instead  of 
potatoes ; supper — as  much  Indian  mush  as  they  please  to  take,  one  half  gallon  of 
molasses  per  month,  salt  whenever  asked  for,  and  vinegar  as  a favor,  occasion- 
ally. Turnips  and  cabbage  in  the  form  of  crout  is  sometimes  distributed.  The 
daily  allowance  of  bread  is  one  pound  of  wheat  or  rye. 

The  occupations  pursued  by  the  convicts  are,  shoemaking,  spinning,  weav- 
ing, dying,  dressing  yarn,  blacksmithing,  carpentering,  sewing,  wheelwright, 
washing,  turning,  fireman,  shuttle-making,  last-making,  brush-making,  tin 
working,  cook,  and  attendant  on  the  physician.  During  winter,  they  work 
till  8 o’clock  at  night,  from  that  hour  till  nine  they  read,  make  their  beds,  etc., 
when  the  bell  gives  notice  to  retire.  A watchman  with  a dead  lantern  walks 
the  corridors  all  night ; at  daybreak  a bell  rings,  summoning  the  inmates  to 
rise  and  labor.  If  any  are  found  in  loed  after  the  bell  rings,  their  breakfast  is 
stopped. 

There  is  an  admirable  arrangement  in  this  prison— no  man  is  known  by  his  own 
proper  or  baptismal  name.  On  his  reception,  he  receives  his  number ; for  instance. 
No.  20,  No.  200,  etc.,  which  is  marked  over  his  cell  door,  and  on  his  clothes. 

They  are  allowed  to  walk  an  hour  each  day  in  their  yards,  except  Sundays. 
At  this  time  a watchman  is  stationed  on  the  top  of  the  centre  house,  or  watch- 
tower,  from  which  he  has  a full  view  of  the  cell  yards,  and,  if  a prisoner 
attempts  to  climb  his  yard  wall,  or  to  throw  anything  over  into  his  fellow-convict’s 
yard,  he  is  detected  and  punished.  In  order  to  prevent  communication,  the 
prisoners  are  not  all  let  out  of  a block  at  the  same  time.  The  cells  are  lettered 
in  alphabetical  order.  The  first  hour  is  commenced  with  A.  Let  out  A,  pass 
B.  Let  out  C,  and  pass  D,  and  so  on  till  the  prisoners  alternately  are  let  out. 
When  they  have  had  their  hour  of  exercise,  A is  locked  up ; B let  out ; C 
locked  up ; D let  out  5 and  so  on  to  the  end  of  the  block.  By  this  arrange- 
ment, if  a prisoner  throws  any  note,  or  other  communication  into  an  adjoining 
cell,  the  keepers,  in  going  through  the  yard  to  unlock  him,  will  discover  it,  if 
it  has  escaped  the  observation  of  the  watchman,  and  the  offender  is  punished. 

A resident  physician,  with  the  best  quality  of  medicines,  is  always  within 
call ; and  besides,  a chaplain,  a teacher  and  a moral  instructor,  pays  them 
regular  visits  for  their  instruction  and  reformation.  There  were  confined 
within  the  Penitentiary  about  the  end  of  the  year  1875,  over  700  prisoners. 
It  is  worthy  of  note,  that  from  the  admission  of  the  first  prisoner,  in  1829, 
until  the  present  period — an  interval  of  47  years — but  four  wardens  presided 
over  the  institution,  viz. : Samuel  11.  Wood,  D.  Scattergood,  John  T.  Holloway, 
and  the  present  and  most  intelligent,  devoted  and  efficient  governor.  Dr. 
Townsend. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


37 


The  Penitentiary  has  been  visited  and  examined  by  some  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished in  this  country,  as  well  as  in  Europe  •,  Mr.  Crawford,  of  the 
British  Prison  Society,  and  an  Ambassador  from  Alexandria,  Egypt.  In  June, 
1833,  it  was  visited  by  President  Andrew  Jackson,  Black  Hawk  and  his  son  *, 
subsequently,  by  the  late  Charles  Dickens,  the  great  novelist,  on  his  first  trip 
to  the  United  States.  From  the  lofty  turret  over  the  gateway  the  visitor  can 
obtain  an  unequaled  view  of  the  city  and  environs  ; it  being,  perhaps,  the 
highest  point  attainable  in  the  city. 

Progressing  from  the  Penitentiary  up  Twenty-second  street,  and  near  Pop- 
lar street,  another  penal  institution  presents  itself — 

THE  HOUSE  OF  BEFUGE. 

This  institution  was  incorporated  in  1826,  as  a receptacle  of  confinement, 
education  and  reform  for  refractory  and  predatory  minors  of  both  sexes,  who 
are  supposed  to  be  of  too  tender  age  to  be  sent  to  a prison.  The  first  building 
erected  for  this  purpose  was  on  Fairmount  avenue  (then  Coates  street,)  above 
Ridge  avenue.  The  present  structure  is  far  more  commodious  in  buildings 
and  grounds.  The  inmates  are  all  well  fed  and  clothed,  and  are  taught  to 
work  ; shown  the  necessity  of  reform,  religion  and  industry  ; and  at  the  expi- 
ration-of  their  penal  term  of  service,  they  are  returned  to  their  parents  or 
guardians ; and  should  they  have  neither,  they  are  put  out  to  some  useful 
trade  or  occupation. 

Now  passing  down  Poplar  street  to  Corinthian  avenue,  thence  up  to 
Girard  avenue,  we  come  in  front  of  what  is  esteemed  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful structures  in  the  world — 

THE  GIRARD  COLLEGE. 

Stephen  Girard,  the  founder  of  this  world-renowned  charity,  was  a native  of 
Bordeaux,  in  France.  He  immigrated  to  this  city  when  a youth,  and  from 
the  humble  calling — -junk  dealer,  ’tis  said — he  became  a merchant ; built  vessels ; 
opened  a trade  with  nearly  all  parts  of  the  world;  grew  to  be  a mil- 
lionaire; indeed,  the  wealthiest  man  in  the  United  States.  He  was  bold  in 
enterprise,  honest  in  dealing,  and  heroic  and  sympathetic  amid  the  ravages 
. of  plague  or  public  calamity.  Our  city’s  greatest  benefactor  died  in  1831, 
and  bequeathed  the  greater  portion  of  his  wealth  (two  million  dollars,)  for 
the  erection  and  maintenance  of  this  stupendous  charity — a free  home  and 
college  for  orphan  boys  of  Philadelphia. 

In  his  will,  Girard  decreed  that  the  orphans  admitted,  should  be  fed  with 
plain,  but  wholesome  food,  and  clothed  with  plain  decent  apparel ; instructed 


38 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  GIRARD  COLLEGE. 


in  the  various  branches  of  a sound  education ; comprising,  writing,  reading, 
grammar,  arithmetic,  geography,  navigation,  practical  mathematics,  survey- 
ing, astronomy,  chemical  and  experimental  philosophy,  the  Spanish  and 
French  languages,  and  such  other  learning  as  the  capacities  of  the  scholar 
may  warrant. 

One  great  peculiarity  of  Mr.  Girard’s  will  is,  that  “no  ecclesiastic  mission- 
ary, or  minister  of  any  sect  whatsoever,  shall  ever  be  admitted,  for  any  purpose,  or 
as  a visitor,  within  the  premises  appropriated  to  the  purposes  of  the  said  col- 
lege.” Girard,  in  making  this  restriction,  did  not  mean  to  cast  reflection  upon 
any  sect  •,  but  there  being  such  a number  of  sects,  and  such  a diversity  of 
opinion,  he  desired  to  keep  the  tender  minds  of  the  orphans  free  from  the  ex- 
citement which  sectarian  controversy  is  so  apt  to  produce. 

The  space  upon  which  the  buildings  are  erected  covers  about  40  acres,  en- 
closed by  a huge  wall  of  capped  stone.  The  principal  structure  within  the  college 
property  represents  a Grecian  temple  of  white  marble,  supported  by  thirty-six 
marble  columns,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  structures  of  the  present  day. 
It  is  located  upon  one  of  the  liighest  points  of  ground  in  Philadelphia,  east 
of  the  Schuylkill ; and  from  its  grand  roof,  built  of  marble,  and  rising  step  by 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


39 


soldiers’  monument. 
North  of  this  point,  and  in  close 


step  from  eaves  to  ridge,  a most 
commanding  view  of  the  city  is  ob- 
tained. 

A detailed  description  conveys  to 
the  reader  but  a faint  conception 
of  its  solid  and  chaste  grandeur.  The 
intelligent  guide  at  the  college  will 
give  the  visitor  a thorough  view  and 
description  of  all  its  “beauties  and 
blessings.”  From  a recent  report  of 
President  Allen,  the  college  con- 
tained 540  inmates. 

On  the  grounds,  in  1869,  was 
erected  the  monument — of  which  we 
give  an  illustration — to  commemo- 
rate the  graduates  of  the  college  who 
fell  in  our  late  war. 
lity,  is  the 


WOMAN’S  MEDICAL  COLLEGE, 

a most  worthy  institution,  which  has  already  given  to  the  honored  medical 
service  a number  of  able  graduates. 

We  now  take  Girard  avenue  cars  down  to  Second  street,  taking  in  on  our 
way  the  largest  market  in  the  world — 


THE  GIKABD  AVENUE  MARKET, 

which  extends  from  Twelfth  street  to  Fourth  street,  a distance  of  more  than  a 
mile,  and  as  full  of  flesh,  flsh,  fowl  and  vegetables  as  it  is  long. 

Visitors  can  reach  this  point  from  below  by  the  Third  street  cars.  From 
this  point,  on  foot,  or  by  cars  (Third  street,)  he  can  reach  one  of  the  most 
memorable  relics  of  the  city  and  its  founder — 

THE  PENN  TREATY  MONUMENT, 

at  the  corner  of  Beach  and  Hanover  streets.  On  this  spot,  under  the  shelter- 
ing arms  of  the  “ Old  Elm  Tree,”  William  Penn  made  and  ratified  his  famous 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  and  with  them  smoked  the  calumet  of  peace  ; of  which 
lasting  treaty,  the  sarcastic  French  poet  and  philosopher,  Voltaire,  said,  “the 
only  treaty  not  ratified  by  an  oath ; and  the  only  treaty  that  was  never 
broken.”  The  sacred  and  sturdy  old  elm  was  blown  down  in  1809,  and  a 
small  obelisk  now  marks  the  spot. 


40 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


This  stone  stands  in  the  shade  of  an  elm-tree,  which  possibly  may  be  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  one  whose  site  it  shades. 

The  diminutive  obelisk,  on  a granite  pedestal,^  is  thus  inscribed : 

Treaty  Ground 
of 

William  Penn 
and  the 
Indian  Nation. 

1 6 8 2. 

Unbroken  faith. 


William  Penn, 
Born  1644. 

Died  1718. 


Placed  by  the 
Penn  Society, 
A.D.  1827, 

To  mark  the  Site 
of  the 

Great  Elm  Tree. 


Pennsylvania 

Founded 

1681, 

By  deeds  of  Peace. 

Taking  from  the  treaty  ground  any  car  going  upwards,  and  you  reach 
PORT  RICHMOND, 

with  its  river  front,  the  greatest  coal  shipping  locality  in  America,  if  not  in 
the  world.  The  length  of  the  twenty  odd  piers,  for  the  shipping  of  coal, 
brought  from  the  Pennsylvania  mines  by  railroad,  is  almost  five  miles ; and 
nearly  200,C)00  tons  of  the  “black  diamonds  ” are  shipped  in  one  week,  by  the 
avalanche  of  piers,  into  the  holds  of  the  awaiting  vessels. 

Taking  the  up  cars  for  Frankford,  and  at  your  request,  the  conductor  will 
land  you  within  a few  steps  of 

THE  FRANKFORD  ARSENAL, 

fiimous  for  its  war  supplies;  and,  as  the  resting-place,  for  the  night,  of 
General  La  Fayette,  September  28th,  1824,  previous  to  his  entrance  into  the  city. 

OUR  RIVER  FROM  THE  CITY. 

When  Penn,  our  city's  founder,  wrote  home  to  his  friends,  this  sentence — 
“ The  Delaware  is  a glorious  river!” — he  expressed  a truth  which  is  manifest 
until  the  hour  of  our  writing.  Whilst  gazing  upon  its  strong,  broad  and  rolling 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


41 


tide,  bearing  its  great  stores  of  finny  wealth  in  its  bosom,  the  treasure  of 
the  world  upon  its  breast,  and  the  myriads  of  crafts  plying  up  and  down  be- 
fore us,  let  us  go  back,  almost  a century,  to  1788,  when  John  Fitch,  of 
Philadelphia,  launched  the  first  steamboat  ever  known. 


THE  FIRST  STEAMBOAT  IX  THE  WORLD. 


The  first  application  of  steam  to  navigation,  that  showed  any  evidence  of 
success,  was  made  by  the  boat,  of  which  the  above  is  a correct  illustration.  It 
was  60  feet  long,  8 feet  wide,  and  4 feet  deep,  and  was  worked  by  paddles. 
The  trial  trip,  at  which  the  Governor  and  many  distinguished  men  were 
present,  was  made  over  a mile  course  in  front  of  W ater  street.  Although  the 
experiment  was  considered  successful,  the  project  was  abandoned,  and  it  was 
left  to  Robert  F ulton  to  practically  demonstrate  the  theories  of  steam  navi- 
gation. 

In  the  Federal  Gazette  and  Philadelphia  Advertiser,  of  that  period^ 
appears  the  following,  and  the  first  steamboat  advertisement  of  the  inventor, 
John  Fitch : 

“THE  STEAMBOAT” 

“ Sets  out  to-morrow  morning  at  ten  o’clock,  from  Arch  street  ferry,  in  order 
to  take  passengers  for  Burlington,  Bristol,  Bordentown  and  Trenton,  and 
return  next  day.” 

Philadelphia,  July  26,  1790. 

Eighty-six  years  ago,  that  primitive  steamer  is  advertised  for  the  same  trip, 
and  from  the  same  wharf,  where  the  large  and  elegant  steamer,  Edwin  Forrest, 
now  leaves  on  her  daily  excursions. 


42 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


We  now  have  steamers  and  Sailing  crafts  of  all  dimensions  and  from  all  parts 
— foreign  and  inland — crowding  our  water’s  thoroughfare  for  miles  ; and  we 
boast  the  only  line  of  steamers  for  foreign  ports  that  floats  Columbia’s  Stars, 
which  for  speed  and  safety  have  not  been  surpassed. 

To  the  acquatic  excursionist,  Philadelphia  afibrds  most  inviting  scenery  and 
facilities.  From  the  foot  of  Chestnut  street,  the  elegant  and  commodious 
steamers,  the  “John  A.  Warner”  and  the  “Twilight,”  leave  twice  a day  for 
Burlington  and  Bristol ; two  salubrious  and  well-built  rural  cities,  situated 
eighteen  miles  up  the  Delaware. 

The  steamers  stop  on  their  trips  at  a number  of  beautiful  villages  upon  the 
Pennsylvania  and  Jersey  shores  ; the  excursionist,  at  first,  having  an  excel- 
lent view  of  the  northern  front  of  the  city,  passing  the  vast  coal  piers  at 
Bichmond  ; the  great  ship  yards ; the  United  States  Arsenal,  at  Bridesburg, 
distinguished  by  the  national  flag  waving  over  it ; the  House  of  Correction  •,  the 
villages  of  Tacony,  Riverton,  Torresdale,  Andalusia  and  Beverly  5 the  sites 
of  elegant  academies,  boarding-schools,  etc. ; the  entire  shores  lined  on  both 
sides  with  luxuriant  lawns  and  picturesque  villas,  forming,  as  they  2:)resent 
themselves,  a charming  and  diversified  panoramic  picture.  Burlington  was 
the  site  first  thought  of  for  a city  by  Penn,  and  wms  formerly  a Quaker  settle- 
ment. It  is  the  birth-place  of  the  Decaturs,  of  naval  celebrity,  and  other 
eminent  public  worthies. 

Crossing  the  beautiful  and  silvery  bay,  we  touch  Bristol,  and  visit  its  rich 
gardens,  farms  and  romantic  environs. 

By  the  steamer  Edwin  Forrest,  passengers  reach  the  city  of  Trenton,  the 
capital  of  New  Jersey,  the  head  of  tide-water,  and  the  scene  of  the  great  cross- 
ing of  the  Delaware  by  General  Washington  and  his  troops,  on  Christmas 
Eve,  1776.  On  this  trip,  the  visitor  should  visit  Bordentown,  six  miles  above 
Bristol,  on  a high  and  airy  blufi*  on  the  Jersey  shore. 

It  was  here,  that  the  gallant  Commodore  Charles  Stewart,  of  the  old  Iron- 
•SiDES,  resided  for  many  years,  on  what  he  was  proud  to  name,  “ the  site  of 
health  and  well  might  the  hero  have  called  it  so,  for  he  lived  there  till  he 
attained  the  advanced  age  of  92  years. 

Bordentown  is  rendered  somewhat  noted  from  its  having  l;)een  the  residence 
of  Joseph  Bonaparte,  (Count  de  Survilliers,)  the  ex-King  of  Spain.  Having 
been  created  king  liy  his  elder  brother,  Napoleon  the  Great,  he  was  three  times 
driven  from  his  capital  at  Madrid,  and  in  1815,  was  glad  to  leave  his  tottering 
throne  for  a peaceful  home  on  the  banks  of  the  quiet  Delaware.  The  writer, 
when  a child,  remembers  well  his  dignified  and  graceful  walk,  and  his  bland- 
ness of  manner. 

He  adopted  the  name  of  Count  de  Survilliers,  but  when  he  chanced  to  bead- 
dressed  as  Mr.  Bonaparte,  he  would  usually  repeat  its  Corsican  pronunciation — 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


43 


Bawn-a-par-tee.  The  Count  de  Survilliers  had  a grand  and  extensive  seat  and 
ornamented  grounds,  and  at  times  entertained  many  European  celebrities. 
Portions  of  the  principal  dwelling,  and  some  of  the  grounds,  can  still  be  seen 
north  of  the  principal  thoroughfare  by  the  visitor.  On  the  accession  of  Louis 
Phillippe  in  1831,  Joseph  Bonaparte  returned  to  Europe,  where  he  died  in  1844. 
]Mr.  Thomas  A.  Cooper — the  great  tragedian  of  the  day — then  resided  at 
Bristol,  where  the  king  of  the  mimic  world  endeavored  to  rival  the  ex-King 
of  Spain,  in  the  extent  of  his  gardens,  walks,  statuary,  etc. 

For  excursions  on  the  Delaware,  on  the  south  of  the  city,  we  have  a number  of 
steamers  plying" to  points  of  interest — the  battle-ground  of  Bed  Bank,  fought  in 
October,  1777— some  of  the  earth-works  and  other  relics  being  still  visible  *,  the  city 
of  Chester,  now  celebrated  for  its  ship-yards  *,  Wilmington,  in  the  State  of  Dela- 
ware ; Bombay  Hook,  etc.,  making  a run  altogether  of  70  miles.  Opposite  the  city, 
we  have  the  little  fairy  steamer,  John  Smith,  for  Smith’s  Island,  with  its 
baths,  breezes  and  pastimes,  all  for  the  sum  of  ten  cents.  From  South  street, 
we  have  steamers  for  Kaighn’s  Point,  New  Jersey,  every  20  minutes;  and 
Gloucester,  a few  miles  down  on  the  Jersey  shore,  with  its  excellent  bathing, 
boating'  and  romantic  walks;  and  for  a visit  or  a trip  to  the  ocean,  we 
no  longer  are  obliged  to  “go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships,”  for  by  taking 
the  Camden  and  Atlantic  line,  at  the  foot  of  Vine  street,  for  Atlantic  City ; or 
Cape  May  line,  at  the  foot  of  Market  street,  for  Cape  May,  a distance  of  only  60 
and  100  miles,  we  can  muse  on  the  waving  ocean  in  its  cooling  spray  within  from 
two  to  three  hours.  Indeed,  so  complete  are  the  arrangements,  and  so  rapid  thp 
transit,  that  to  the  residents  or  visitors  of  our  city,  the  sea-shores  at  Atlantic 
City,  Cape  May,  etc.,  appear  almost  like  a part  of  our  metropolis. 

THE  NEW  POST  OFFICE. 

This  new,  elegant  and  vast  edifice,  now  in  the  course  of  erection,  is  to  occupy 
the  entire  front  on  the  west  side  of  Ninth’  street,  from  Chestnut  to  Mar- 
ket streets,  and  is  to  face  almost  one-half  of  the  square  on  Chestnut  and 
Market  streets,  and  is  to  have  an  extensive  passage  for  mail-wagons,  from 
Tenth  street,  entering  into  a vast  court-yard,  provided  with  spacious  and  un- 
interrupted facilities  for  despatching  and  receiving  the  mails. 

As  much  as  the  present  Post  Office  edifice  was  a necessity,  the  new  great 
structure  is  even  more  so  ; as  the  daily  increasing  rush  of  mail  matter,  to  and 
from  all  parts,  calls  in  all  of  the  admirable  energies  and  ability  of  our  Post- 
master, Fairman,  to  keep  up  anything  like  space  equal  to  the  demands.  The 
fine  illustration,  on  the  succeeding  page,  was  copied  by  the  kind  permission  of 
George  "W.  Fairman,  Esq.,  the  disbursing  agent.  The  probable  cost  of  the 
building  is  six  millions  of  dollars. 

There  is  one  point  of  history  connected  with  the  site  of  this  important  edi- 
fice, which,  it  is  believed,  is  not  generally  known,  to  wit : this  is  the  identical 


NEW  POST  OFFICE 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


45 


spot,  according  to  the  authority  of  Professor  Frazer,  where  Dr.  Franklin 
first  raised  his  kite  for  that  vital  experiment  to  the  world — to  draw  down 
the  lightning ! The  very  locality,  where,  in  the  language  of  the  poet,  Camp- 
bell— 

“ Franklin  grasped  the  lightning’s  fiery  wing 

and  it  may  be  cited,  as  a striking  coincidence,  that  our  Post  Ofiice  and  first 
Postal  Telegraph  Office,  should  be  built  upon  the  spot,  where  our  first  Post- 
master drew  from  the  clouds  that  electric  spark,  which  can  verify  the 
Scripture,  and  “ send  lightnings  that  they  may  go,  and  say  unto  Thee,  ^ Here 
we  are  !’  ” — Job.  xxxviii.  35. 

Directly  in  the  rear  of  these  grounds,  and  at  the  north-west  terminus  of 
Chant  street,  stands  the  remains  of  a building  once  devoted  to  anatomical 
science  5 wherein,  over  half  a century  ago.  Dr.  John  D.  Godman,  a famed 
teacher  of  anatomy,  natural  science,  and  author,  had  his  anatomical  theatre, 
with  its  steep  and  deep  rows  of  circular  seats  and  dissecting  rooms.  After  the 
decease  of  Dr.  Godman — who  died  a martyr  to  science  and  research — the  theatre 
was  in  1832  refitted  and  occupied  by  Dr.  Joseph  Pancoast,  now  the  celebrated 
professor,  physician,  etc.,  then  a young  man — very  young  for  a lecturer — but 
who  had  previously  made  his  mark  as  a translator  of  Lobstein,  on  the  sympa- 
thetic nerve,  which  was  published  with  many  large  and  beautifully  colored 
illustrations. 

UNITED  STATES  MINT, 

NORTH  SIDE  OF  CHESTNUT  STREET,  ABOVE  THIRTEENTH  STREET, 

first  established  by  the  Government  in  1792.  The  original  building  used  was 
on  the  N.  E.  corner  Seventh  and  Commerce  streets. 

The  present  beautiful  edifice,  which  is  of  pure  Ionic  architecture,  was  com- 
pleted in  1833.  It  is  not  only  the  “ great  money-coining  establishment,”  but 
it  is  likewise  a vast  chemical  laboratory,  in  which  all  the  various  scientific  pro- 
cesses for  taking  metals  in  their  native  ores,  divesting  them  of  their  earthy 
compounds  and  impurities,  assaying,  purifying,  etc.,  are  performed,  and 
finally  cast  into  coin,  by  the  most  perfect  apparatus  and  completest  machinery 
in  the  world.  The  Mint  also  contains  a museum  or  cabinet  of  coins,  embrac- 
ing the  coined  “ legal  tenders,”  from  the  earliest  ages  up  to  the  present 
period. 

Visitors  admitted  daily,  from  9 A.  M.  to  12  M.,  are  merely  required  to  place 
their  names  within  a book,  kept  for  the  purpose,  and  are  escorted  through  the 
different  apartments  of  interest  in  the  establishment,  viewing  all  its  various 
operations,  which  are  clearly  and  cordially  explained. 


46 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


U.  S.  MINT. 


THE  GKAVE  OF  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN. 

S.  E.  CORNER  OF  ARCH  AND  FIFTH  STREETS. 

Here  rests  the  patriot,  the  statesman,  the  philosopher,  the  printer*,  and  all 
who  reverence  the  relics  of  the  great  and  the  good,  can  view  the  resting-place 
of  that  self-educated,  and  as  an  eminent  foreign  writer  said — 

“The  universal  man,”— 

on  the  Arch  street  side  of  the  Christ  Church  hurying-ground.  Through  an 
open  space  in  the  wall,  in  which  is  fitted  an  iron  railing,  can  be  seen  the  simple 
“ marble  slab  ” requested  in  his  will,  and  thus  engraved  : 


AXD  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


47 


franklin’s  grave. 


Benjamin  ) 

and  V FRANKLIN. 

Deborah  ] 

1790. 

The  aperture  in  the  wall,  which 
affords  the  visitor  a view  of  the 
grave,  was  not  made  until  1858. 
When  La  Fayette  entered  the 
city  in  1824,  as  the  barouche 
arrived  at  this  point,  the  vener- 
able Judge  Peters,  who  sat  be- 
side him,  pointed  out  the  spot, 
at  which  the  General  and  his 
son,  Mr.  George  Washington  La 
Fayette,  both  arose  and  stood 


with  uncovered  heads. 

Immediately  opposite  the  grave-yard,  at  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Fifth  and 
Arch  streets,  stands  a noble,  though  small  structure — 


THE  APPRENTICES’  LIBRARY, 

which  was  founded  in  the  year  1820,  for  the  free  use  of  apprentices,  and  of 
other  young  people  of  respectability,  male  and  female,  who  have  not  the  means 
to  obtain  useful  and  instructive  reading.  A recommendation  from  one  of  the 
directors  enables  the  applicant  to  take  home  for  the  week,  or  longer,  such 
works  as  are  kept  in  the  library. 


THE  HOUSE  WHEREIN  THOMAS  JEFFERSON  WROTE  THE 
DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE, 


ON  S.  W.  CORNER  OF  SEVENTH  AND  MARKET  STREETS. 

Mr.  Watson,  in  his  Annals  of  Philadelphia,  says— some  have  said  it  was  at 
Jefferson’s  chamber,  in  the  Indian  Queen  Hotel,  but  Mrs.  Clymer,  with 
whom  Mr.  Jefferson  boarded,  at  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Seventh  and  High 
streets  (Market  street,)  said  it  was  there,  and  to  settle  the  point.  Dr.  Mease 
wrote  to  Mr.  Jefferson,  and  had  it  confirmed.  Mr.  Win.  Hicks,  who 
occupied  that  building  thirty  years  ago,  entered  into  a public  discussion 
and  made  an  investigation  of  the  matter,  and  the  result  was  as  above. 
Mr.  Hicks,  likewise  found  packed  away  in  the  building,  many  papers  and 
revolutionary  relics. 

Following  these  points  of  revolutionary  interest,  the  visitor  has  but  to  pro- 
ceed one  square  east  of  the  Declaration  House  on  the  same  side  of  Market 
street,  and  upon  reaching  the  S.  E.  cornev  of  Sixth  and  Market  streets,  he 


48 


GUIDE  OE  PHILADELPHIA 


is  ap^ain  on  hallowed  ground ; for  upon  the  corner  named,  stood  the  mansion  of 
Pvohert  Morris,  the  great  Kevolutionary  financier,  and  immediately  next  to  it, 
on  the  east,  stood  the  modest  brick  dwelling  of  W ashington — which  remained 
standing  until  the  year  1839. 

PvESIDENCE  OF  PRESIDENT  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  AND 
FAMILY  IN  1790, 

-ON  MARKET  STREET,  SOUTH  SIDE,  A FEW  YARDS  BELOW  SIXTH  STREET. 


Washington’s  house. 


This  edifice  was  erected  before  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary 
oontcst  for  an  opulent  memljer  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  was  finished 
inside  with  all  the  ornamental  carvings  peculiar  to  the  times.  The  State  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  city  authorities  of  Philadelphia,  when  Washington 
selected  it  for  his  Presidential  mansion,  proposed  to  pay  the  rent  of  the  dwell- 
ing, which  Washington  very  blandly,  but  firmly,  refused;  and  finally  the 
yearly  rental  was  fixed  at  three  thousand  dollars.  The  President  caused 
many  alterations  to  be  made  for  the  accommodations  of  his  family  and  his  many 
numerous  guests,  and  occupied  it  during  his  Presidential  term,  after  which, 
the  building  underwent  many  changes,  and  the  last  remains  were  taken  down 
in  1839. 

Among  the  indignant  spectators,  on  the  day  of  its  demolition,  was  Mr. 
Darly,  an  old  and  favorite  actor  of  the  old  Chestnut  Street  Theatre  Company, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


49 


and  a hic^hly  esteemed  citizen.  He  delighted  to  recall  his  proud  recollections 
of  Washington,  and  his  mild,  yet  stately  manner,  as  he  walked  from  his  man- 
sion to  the  Post  Office,  then  in  a building  on  the  east  side  of  Water  street, 
below  Market  street. 

THE  FRANKLIN  INSTITUTE, 

SEVENTH  STREET,  BETWEEN  MARKET  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS, 

one  of  the  most  valuable  institutions  for  inculcating  scientific  knowledge  ex- 
tant. It  was  incorporated  in  the  year  1824,  for  the  advancement  of  practi- 
cal science,  manufactures  and  the  useful  arts.  Courses  of  lectures  are  given 
every  season  by  two  professors,  with  experimental  apparatus,  on  the  first  floor ; 
the  second  floor  containing  an  extensive  library  and  reading-room,  which  is 
supplied  with  all  the  scientific  periodicals  of  the  times  and  works  extant.  The 
Institute  has  given  a num,ber  of  exhibitions  in  mechanical  productions, 
machinery,  handicrafts,  etc.,  with  great  success ; the  last  one,  which  occurred 
about  two  years  since,  is  said  to  have  exceeded  anything  of  the  kind  hereto- 
fore seen  in  this  country. 

ATHEN^UM  OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

SIXTH  STREET,  BELOW  WALNUT  STREET,  OPPOSITE  WASHINGTON  SQUARE. 

The  Philadelphia  Athenaeum  was  first  opened  by  subscription,  through  a 
body  of  the  leading  and  scientific  gentlemen  of  the  city  in  1814,  in  the  second 
floor  of  the  building,  rear  of  the  Mayor’s  office,  S.  W.  corner  of  Fifth  and 
Chestnut  streets,  and  next  to  the  American  Philosophical  Society.  It  was 
removed  to  the  present  edifice  erected  by  the  Association  in  1847.  The  wide  and 
lengthy  reading-rooms  containing  the  extensive  library  of  rare  and  valuable 
books  and  bound-up  files  of  newspapers,  for  almost  a century,  are  situated 
on  the  second  floor,  looking  out  upon  the  beautiful  square  in  front  and  a 
delightful  garden  on  Adelphia  street.  Besides  its  vast  library,  it  contains  a 
number  of  relics  and  curiosities  ; among  which  is  a clock  of  primitive  structure, 
being  above  15  feet  in  height,  and  about  a century  and  a quarter  old.  Cer- 
tainly a venerable  specimen  of  Old  Time. 

The  rooms  are  open  from  8 A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.  Persons  who  are  not  mem- 
bers or  stockholders,  can  be  admitted  to  the  rooms  on  being  recommended  by 
a stockholder.  Strangers  in  the  city,  will  receive  all  instructions  on  this  point, 
of  the  courteous  and  intelligent  Librarian,  Mr.  Lewis. 

On  the  south  side  of  Locust  street,  at  Seventh  street,  and  overlooking  the 
Washington  Square,  stands  the  First  Presbyterian  Church*,  and  on  Walnut 
street,  directly  opposite,  just  above  the  north-west  corner  of  Swanwick  street, 
in  the  rear  of  a small  archway,  fronted  on  both  sides  by  law  offices,  stands  a 
small  old-fashioned  building,  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  first — if  not  the  first 
— free  school  in  the  city. 


3* 


50 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  JEFFERSON  MEDICAL  COLLEGE. 


JEFFERSON  MEDICAL  COLLEGE. 


TENTH  STREET,  ABOVE  WALNUT  STREET. 

Although  a young  institution^ 
when  compared  with  the  early 
medical  associations,  it  has  risen 
rapidly,  yet  solidly,  to  celebrity, 
influence  and  usefulness,  almost 
“overtopping  its  seniors.” 

It  was  chartered  in  1826,  as  a 
part  of  the  Jefierson  College,  of 
Cannonsburg,  in  this  State,  and  be- 
came a separate  and  independent 
institution,  by  an  Act  of  the  Legis- 
lature, in  1838;  its  founders  be- 
ing the  eminent  Professor  George  McClellan  and  the  late  Dr.  Jesse 
R.  Burden.  Dr.  Burden  was,  at  the  time  of  his  decease,  the  President  of  the 
College,  and  his  son-in-law,  George  W.  Fairman,  our  Postmaster,  was,  and  is, 
we  believe,  the  Secretary.  Dr.  McClellan  has  the  honor  of  having  originated 
many  facilities  for  the  advantage  of  students  in  their  studies,  including  those 
of  clinical  or  dispensary  and  practical  instruction. 

Its  first  courses  were  given  in  the  old  Tivoli  or  City  Theatre,  in  Prune 
street  (now  Locust,)  below  Sixth  street,  which  venerable  old  brick,  having 
been  a temple  of  Thespis  and  of  Esculapius,  still  retains  its  form  and  shape, 
and  is  now  used  by  a turner  of  chair  frames,  and  as  a mineral  water  labora- 
tory. But  to  go  baek  to  the  medical  pride  of  our  city — “the  Jefferson  College 
chairs”  have  been,  and  are,  occupied  by  a faculty  of  teachers,  embracing 
many  of  the  first  names  known  to  medical  science,  which  attract  a high 
average  of  students  from  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world. 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  COLLEGE  OF  PHARMACY, 

145  NORTH  TENTH  STREET, 

was  incorporated  in  1822,  “ for  the  purpose  of  cultivating,  improving  and 
making  known  a knowledge  of  Pharmacy,  its  collateral  branches  of  science, 
the  best  modes  of  preparing  medicines  and  their  compounds,  and  of  giving 
instruction  in  the  same  by  public  lectures.” 

The  college,  half  a century  ago,  occupied  with  its  library  and  laboratory, 
the  first  floor  of  the  hall  of  the  German  Society,  on  Seventh  street  above 
Chestnut  street,  the  present  site  of  the  Gas  Office.  From  thence  it  was  removed  to  a 
new  building  erected  by  the  Institution  on  Zane  street  (now  Filbert  street,)  above 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


51 


Seventh  street.  The  present  structure  on  Tenth  street  above  Arch  street,  is 
more  easy  of  access,  commodious  and  complete  in  all  its  essentials,  library, 
apparatus  and  specimens  for  the  branches  taught,  especially  those  of 
chemistry,  materia  mcdica  and  practical  pharmacy.  Two  lectures  in  each 
branch  are  delivered  every  week,  making  a full  course  of  five  months.  Two 
full  courses  of  lectures,  with  three  years  practical  service  and  training  in 
a regular  pharmaceutical  establishment,  with  an  original  thesis,  are  required 
of  a candidate  for  graduation. 

The  college  also  publishes  a valuable  monthly  journal,  which  must  have 
reached  some  forty  odd  volumes,  and  which  has  at  present  an  extensive  circu- 
lation throughout  the  Union  and  also  in  Europe. 

THE  COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

N.  E.  COR.  OF  THIRTEENTH  AND  LOCUST  STREETS, 

y 

was  incorporated  in  1789.  It  is  an  association  of  physicians  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  science  of  medicine,  holding  stated  meetings  twice  a month,  one 
of  which  is  devoted  exclusively  to  scientific  discussions. 

The  present  building,  completed  in  1863,  contains  the  very  valuable  library 
and  museum  of  the  college.  The  former,  greatly  enhanced  by  the  donations 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Lewis,  and  by  a bequest  of  the  collection  of  the  books  of  the 
late  Mr.  George  Ord,  which  consists  of  about  15,500  volumes.  The  latter  contains 
as  its  nucleus  the  museum  of  the  late  Dr.  T.  D.  Mutter,  who  bequeathed  a sum 
of  money  for  the  endowment  of  an  annual  course  of  lectures  on  subjects  re- 
lating to  surgical  pathology. 

PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 

FROM  EIGHTH  TO  NINTH  AND  SPRUCE  TO  PINE  STREETS. 

The  first  proposal  for  a public  hospital  in  Philadelphia  was  made  about  the 
year  17'50,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Bond.  He,  in  common  with  several  citizens,  peti- 
tioned the  House  of  Assembly,  January  23d,  1750,  stating  the  want  of  such  an 
institution.  The  Assembly,  in  consequence,  passed  an  act  granting  the  sum 
of  two  thousand  pounds,  to  be  paid  as  soon  as  a like  sum  should  be  raised  by 
subscriptions  or  contributions.  In  a short  time,  an  amount  was  collected, 
considerable  in  advance  of  the  sum  required  by  the  act,  and  on  the  first  of 
May,  1751,  a number  of  the  contributors  met  at  the  State  House  and  choose 
by  ballot  a board  of  managers.  One  of  those  elected  was  Benjamin  Franklin, 
who  acted  for  some  years  as  clerk  to  the  board. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  first  part  of  the  present  building  was  laid  on  the 
28th  of  May,  1755,  and  bears  the  following  inscription,  written  by  Dr. 
Franklin: 


52 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


In  the  Year  of  Christ 
MDCCLY 

George  the  Second  happily  reigning 
(For  he  Sought  the  happiness  of  his  People,) 
Philadelphia  Flourishing, 

(For  its  inhabitants  were  public  spirited) 
This  Building, 

By  the  bounty  of  the  Government, 

And  of  many  private  persons. 

Was  piously  founded 
For  the  Relief  of  the  Sick  and  Miserable  •, 
May  the  God  of  Mercies 
Bless  the  undertaking. 


PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


53 


This  venerable  institution,  with  its  yards  and  gardens,  occupies  a square  of 
ground,  containing  four  acres,  in  one  of  the  handsomest  sections  of  the'  city. 
The  building  contains  a commodious  double  amphitheatre  for  surgical  opera- 
tions and  lectures.  Clinics  are  held  twice  a week,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays, 
and  are  largely  attended  by  the  classes  of  our  medical  colleges.  The  admission 
ticket  is  free.  A handsome  library  is  attached  to  the  Hospital,  containing 
upwards  of  fourteen  thousand  volumes.  It  is  accessible  to  students  attending 
the  practice  of  the  house,  after  the  clinical  lectures,  as  well  as  to  all  others 
who  may  have  paid  twenty-five  dollars  for  this  right  for  life.  The  beautiful 
lawn  in  front  of  the  centre  building,  facing  upon  Pine  street,  is  ornamented 
with  a bronze  leaden  statue  of  William  Penn,  presented  by  Mr.  John  Penn, 
of  London,  in  1801. 

Nearly  one  hundred  thousand  patients  have  been  admitted  into  this  institu- 
tion since  its  establishment.  It  is  governed  by  a board  of  managers,  elected 
annually  by  the  contributors,  who,  in  their  turn,  elect  the  medical  stafi*. 

THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE, 

BETWEEN  THE  WEST  CHESTER  AND  HAVERFORD  ROADS,  WEST  OF  FORTY-THIRD 
STREET,  WEST  PHILADELPHIA. 

The  first  provision  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  the  insane  in  America  was 
made  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1751,  a section  of  that  building  being 
always  appropriated  to  this  object  until  1841,  when  the  insane  patients  were 
removed  to  a separate  establishment.  There  are  two  departments  in  the  in- 
stitution, the  male  and  female,  in  separate  buildings,  both  under  one  physi- 
cian-in-chief, Dr.  Kirkbride,  with  assistant  physicians,  steward  and  matron  for 
each  department. 

A visit  to  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane  will  amply  repay  any  one  who  loves 
the  beauties  of  nature,  or  the  still  greater  beauties  of  beneficence  in  orderly, 
efl&cient  and  extensive  arrangements.  Around  the  house  are  pleasure-grounds, 
of  finely  diversified  surface,  adorned  with  flowers,  shrubbery  and  trees,  and 
from  various  points  commanding  beautiful  rural  views.  Neat  isolated  build- 
ings are  seen  here  and  there,  intended  for  the  amusement  or  employment  of 
the  inmates.  The  main  edifices  are  imposing  by  their  magnitude,  striking  in 
their  architectural  character,  and  arranged  internally  with  every  attention  to 
healthfulness  and -comfort. 

All  classes  of  insane  persons,  without  regard  to  the  duration  of  the  disease 
or  its  curability,  are  admitted  into  this  institution.  Idiots  are  not  received, 
and  special  arrangements  must  be  made  for  the  epileptic. 

This  institution,  it  is  well  to  remark,  has  connected  with  it  111  acres  of 
land,  used  as  gardens  and  pleasure-grounds  for  the  patients. 


54 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PHILADELPHIA  HOSPITAL, 

(bLOCKLEY  ALMS-nOUSE,) 

is  situated  in  West  Philadelphia,  entrance  on  the  Darby  road.  This  institu- 
tion is  very  extensive  and  complete,  and  occupies  a commanding  position.  It 
consists  of  four  buildings,  each  five  hundred  feet  long,  and  three  stories 
high,  including  the  basement.  The  eastern  or  principal  front  is  orna- 
mented with  a fine  portico  of  six  columns  of  the  Tuscan  order.  On  the  south 
front  is  a large  and  well- cultivated  garden.  A farm  of  130  acres  is  also 
attached  to  the  property,  and  is  cultivated  by  the  inmates.  The  four  buildings 
inclose  a rectangular  yard,  used  and  occupied  for  the  general  purposes  of  the 
institution.  The  population  of  the  Alms-House  averages  about  2,500,  and  as  a 
large  proportion  are  inmates  of  the  hospital,  the  clinical  advantages  presented 
are  very  great. 

The  Institution  also  contains  an  Insane  Department,  the  number  of  whose 
inmates  is  about  six  hundred.  A successful  attempt  has  been  made  lately  to 
find  employment  for  these  unfortunates.  A large  number  of  the  females  are 
engaged  in  plain  sewing,  binding  shoes,  etc. ; while  some  of  the  men  work  in 
the  adjoining  garden,  with  considerable  skill. 

The  arrangements  within  the  establishment  are  on  a scale  corresponding 
with  its  exterior;  the  men’s  dining-hall,  on  the  first  floor,  being  large  enough 
to  accommodate  five  hundred  persons. 

Attached  to  the  House,  there  is  also  an  obstetric  department,  an  extensive 
library,  and  a museum. 

The  whole  establishment  is  kept  in  excellent  order,  and  is  well  worth  the 
attention  of  the  stranger.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  are  annu- 
ally expended  by  the  city  for  the  support  of  this  charity. 

EPISCOPAL  HOSPITAL, 

FRONT  STREET  AND  LEHIGH  AVENUE. 

This  institution,  properly  called  “ The  Hospital  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  Philadelphia,”  is  constructed  of  stone,  massive,  imposing  and 
ornamental. 

This  is  a general  hospital,  supported  by  interest  from  moneys  invested  (re- 
ceived by  bequest  or  donation),  contributions  from  churches  and  individuals, 
for  the  maintenance  of  free  beds ; board  paid  by  patients,  together  with  thanks- 
giving ofierings,  and  annual  and  special  contributions. 

ST.  JOSEPH’S  HOSPITAL. 

SEVENTEENTH  AND  GIRARD  AVENUE. 

This  Institution,  established  in  1849,  is  supported  by  voluntary  contribu- 
tions, and  is  under  the  charge  and  control  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity.  It  is 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


55 


divided  into  Surgical,  Medical  and  Obstetrical  Wards;  its  capacity  is  now 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  beds. 

In  addition  to  the  public  wards,  there  are  a number  of  handsomely  fur- 
nished private  rooms,  which  can  be  engaged  at  various  prices,  by  persons 
desirous  of  extra  accommodations,  where  they  can  enjoy  all  the  comforts  of  a 
well-regulated  home,  together  with  all  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  such  an 
institution.  The  patients  in  these  private  rooms  have  the  privilege  of  select- 
ing their  own  medical  attendant. 

Although  this  Hospital  is  ranked  among  the  Catholic  charities  of  the  city, 
yet  patients  of  all  creeds  and  climes  (except  such  as  are  afilicted  by  contagious 
diseases)  are  admitted,  and  the  inmates  (if  they  desire  it)  can  avail  themselves 
of  the  services  of  spiritual  advisers  of  their  own  selection,  and  their  wants 
(if  destitute)  are  gratuitously  supplied. 

ST.  MARY’S  HOSPITAL, 

FRANKFORD  ROAD  AND  PALMER  STREET. 

This  Institution  is  under  the  care  of  the  Franciscan  Sisters,  Roman  Catholic, 
and  is  entirely  supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  It  was  founded  in 
1866,  contains  85  beds,  and  receives  both  medical  and  surgical  cases. 

THE  CHARITY  HOSPITAL  OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

1834  HAMILTON  STREET.  CHARTERED  1858. 

Supported  by  private  subscriptions.  A small  amount  is  required  to  be  paid 
as  board  by  patients. 

Daily  clinics  are  held  at  the  Hospital,  from  12  M.  to  1 P.  M.,  when  advice 
and  medicines  are  given  gratuitously  to  the  worthy  poor. 

THE  GERMAN  HOSPITAL, 

GIRARD  AVENUE,  ABOVE  TWENTIETH,  CORNER  CORINTHIAN  AVENUE. 

This  Institution  was  opened  in  1866.  There  are  accommodations  for  fifty 
patients,  who  are  admitted  regardless  of  country,  creed,  or  color.  If  poor, 
they  are  treated  gratuitously.  The  preference,  however,  is  given  to  German 
patients,  and  the  attending  physicians  must  speak  the  German  language  with 
facility. 

THE  JEWISH  HOSPITAL, 

LOCATED  AT  WESTMINSTER  AVENUE  AND  HAVERFORD  ROAD, 

was  opened  in  1866.  It  is  open  free  to  all  applicants,  without  reference  to 
religious  belief.  The  object  of  the  Hospital  is  to  secure  to  people  of  the  Jew- 
ish faith  certain  regulations  in  reference  to  diet  and  observance  of  the  Sabbath 
which  they  cannot  obtain  in  other  institutions.  Persons  afilicted  with  con- 
tagious diseases  are  not  admitted. 


56 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  MUNICIPAL  HOSPITAL, 

HART  LANE,  NEAR  TWENTY-FIRST  STREET. 

This  building  affords  accommodation  for  persons  laboring  under  infectious  - 
diseases.  The  main  building  and  contiguous  wings  are  built  of  Cleveland 
brownstone,  and  are  two  stories  in  height,  with  Mansard  roof.  The  institu- 
tion is  maintained  by  appropriations  from  the  public  funds,  and  is  under  the 
charge  of  Dr.  William  M.  Welch,  the  resident  physician,  appointed  by  the 
Board  of  Health.  Smallpox,  yellow  fever,  typhus  fever,  scarlet  fever,  and 
cholera  are  here  treated.  If  the  patient  is  able . to  pay,  one  dollar  per  day  is 
charged  for  board  ; otherwise  no  charge  is  made. 

The  first  “ pest-house  ” was  erected  in  1743  on  a small  island  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Schuylkill  river.  In  1800  the  Lazaretto,  on  Little  Tinicum  Island, 
Delaware  county,  was  built,  for  the  reception  of  sick  immigrants.  For  a time 
a circus  building,  then  at  Sixth  and  Chestnut  streets,  was  used  for  the  reception 
of  smallpox  patients  ; but  owing  to  the  threats  of  the  neighboring  residents,  it 
was  removed.  The  Board  of  Health,  organized  in  1794,  used  for  a time  the 
Fish  Tavern,  now  occupied  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  as  a 
Hospital.  The  Wigwam  Hotel,  at  the  foot  of  Race  street,  on  the  Schuylkill, 
was  established  as  the  first  city  Hospital  in  1797.  In  1805,  owing  to  the  com- 
plaint of  citizens,  it  was  removed  to  what  was  then  called  the  Wissahickon 
road,  near  where  Ridge  avenue  and  Wallace  street  now  intersect.  In  1810 
a hospital  for  infectious  diseases  was  erected  on  Bush  Hill,  where  it  remained 
until  1855,  when  it  was  removed,  and  the  city  was  without  a hospital  of  the 
kind  until  the  erection  of  the  present  structure.  In  the  meantime,  patients 
suffering  with  contagious  diseases,  had  to  be  carted  twelve  miles  to  the  Laza- 
retto Hospital. 

LAZARETTO, 

ITS  HOSPITAL  AND  QUARANTINE  STATION. 

The  Lazaretto  with  its  Hospital,  is  situated  on  the  island  of  Tinicum,  in  the 
river  Delaware,  about  twelve  miles  below  the  city. 

This,  with  the  Quarantine  Station,  is  under  the  control  and  management 
of  the  Board  of  Health.  But  its  officers,  consisting  of  a Lazaretto  physician 
and  Quarantine  Master,  who  reside  therein  during  the  quarantine  season,  are 
appointed  l)y  the  Governor  of  the  State,  who  likewise  appoints  the  Port  Phy- 
sician and  Health  Officer,  who  reside  in  the  city  ; all  of  whom,  however,  are 
subject  to  the  direction  and  control  of  the  Board  of  Health. 

All  vessels  from  foreign  ports,  arriving  here  during  quarantine,  that  is, 
between  the  1st  day  of  June  and  the  1st  day  of  October,  a period  of  four 
months,  are  oliliged  to  stop  at  the  Lazaretto  and  receive  a visit  from  the 
physician,  accompanied  by  the  Quarantine  Master.  The  sick,  if  any,  who  are 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


57 


afflicted  with  pestilential  or  contagious  diseases,  are  removed  to  the  Hospital, 
and  placed  under  treatment  by  the  physician. 

Every  convenience  is  to  be  found  at  this  hospital  station  for  the  comfort  and 
welfare  of  the  sick.  The  grounds  are  spacious  and  beautifully  improved.  The 
site  is  elevated,  and  its  position  on  the  river  front  affords  an  extensive  and 
picturesque  view,  both  up  and  down  the  Delaware,  whitened  with  canvas, 
studded  with  islands,  or  its  margin  on  either  shore  dotted  with  farm-houses  or 
enlivened  with  villages. 

Both  of  these  Institutions  are  easily  accessible,  and  are  exceedingly  ’interest- 
ing in  their  character. 

FRIENDS’  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

This  Institution  (under  the  care  of  the  Society  of  Friends,)  located  near 
Frankford,  was  one  of  the  first  of  the  kind  established  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  been  in  existence  nearly  sixty  years,  and  during  all  that  period  has  been 
distinguished  for  the  wisdom  . and  economy  of  its  administration,  and  for  the 
mildness  and  success  of  its  treatment. 

The  building  will  accommodate  seventy  to  seventy-five  patients.  Amuse- 
ments of  different  kinds  are  encouraged  and  provided,  and  manual  labor  in  the 
garden  or  on  the  farm  is  recommended.  There  is  also  a reading-room  and. 
library. 

CHRIST  CHURCH  HOSPITAL, 

BELMONT  AVENUE,  NEAR  THE  EXHIBITION  GROUNDS, 

just  outside  the  limits  of  the  Park,  owes  its  foundation  to  Dr.  John  Kearsley,, 
formerly  of  this  city,  who  bequeathed,  in  1798,  a considerable  estate  to  the 
Vestry  of  Christ  Church  for  the  purpose.  Subsequent  bequests  and  donations 
have  brought  large  revenues  to  the  Hospital.  Mr.  Joseph  Dobbins,  of  South 
Carolina,  bequeathed  twenty-five  hundred  dollars  in  cash,  a lot  on  Fifth  street 
below  Arch  street,  and  the  entire  square  between  Spruce  and  Pine  and 
Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  streets,  which,  after  remaining  unproductive  for 
over  seventy  years,  was  sold  for  one  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  dollars. 

This  gentleman  died  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1804,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-one,  leaving  in  addition  to  the  above,  as  his  will  expresses  it,  “all  his 
estate,  real  and  person.al,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  shares  in 
the  Bank  of  South  Carolina,  together  with  other  property  amounting  to  about 
six  thousand  dollars,  to  the  poor  and  distressed  widows  supported  by  the 
bounty  of  Dr.  Kearsley,  in  Christ  Church  Hospital.” 

Thus,  through  the  munificence  of  these  two  individuals,  one  of  those  useful 
and  benevolent  institutions  that  adorn  our  city  has  been  amply  endowed.  The- 


58 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Hospital  was  first  opened  at  No.  Ill  Arch  street.  Subsequently  a more  com- 
modious building  was  erected  on  Cherry  street,  above  Third  street.  A proper 
application  of  the  funds  demanded  increased  accommodations.  The  managers 
very  judiciously  sought  a location  that  w^ould  possess  the  quietness  desirable 
for  such  an  institution.  This  was  o])tained  on  Belmont  avenue,  where  they 
have  erected  one  of  the  most  elegant  buildings  in  Philadelphia,  possessing 
accommodations  for  about  one  hundred  inmates,  viz.,  “ Poor  and  Distressed 
AVomen  of  the  Episcopal  Church.” 

DISPENSAPJES. 

Of  these,  the  oldest  and  most  important  is  the  Philadelphia  Dispensary — 
established  in  1786,  for  the  treatment  of  applicants  at  the  building  (Fifth  street 
above  Walnut  street,)  and  patients  at  their  homes.  The  Obstetric  Department 
has  long  served  as  a flourishing  obstetric  school.  More  recently,  a large 
Clinique  for  diseases  of  the  eye,  and  one  for  diseases  of  the  ear,  have  been  in 
active  and  successful  operation. 

PENNSYLA^ANI  A SANITARIUM, 

FOR  INEBRIATES,  OPIUM-TAKERS,  ETC. 

The  Pennsylvania  Sanitarium  is  at  Media,  fourteen  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia, on  the  West  Chester,  Media  and  Philadelphia  Railroad.  Media  is  a 
beautiful  village  of  about  one  thousand  inhabitants,  containing  churches,  and 
an  Institute  of  Science,  with  its  library  and  cabinet. 

The  institution  occupies  five  acres  of  ground,  in  a retired  portion  of  the  vil- 
lage, and  is  remarkable  for  its  quiet  and  beautiful  surroundings. 

The  building  is  convenient,  the  rooms  being  airy,  lighted  with  gas,  and 
liberally  furnished.  A large  parlor,  billiard-room,  library,  music,  and  a liter- 
ary society  among  the  inmates,  afford  means  for  social  intercourse  and  enter- 
tainment. 

Russian  baths,  generous  diet,  and  exercise  in  the  open  air,  are  among  the 
means  that  are  employed  to  recuperate  the  physical  system. 

There  are  few  institutions,  devoted  to  charitable,  scientific,  literary,  or  other 
useful  public  purposes,  in  which  medical  men  are  not  strongly  interested 
and  actively  engaged,  in  Philadelphia  as  elsewhere.  On  the  battlefield,  in  the 
tent,  or  in  the  hospital  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  or  in  the  scenes  of  greater 
danger — trial  requiring  far  greater  courage  and  endurance — the  abode  of 
plague  and  pestilence,  the  physician  is  found  ; unmindful  of  danger,  ever 
ready  and  ever  toiling  to  relieve,  to  inspire  with  hope,  to  mitigate  sufiering, 
nnd  to  save. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


59 


THE  COUNTY  OR  MOYAMENSING  PRISON, 

TExNTTH  AND  REED  STREETS. 

An  edifice  of  the  dark  and  grand  castleated  style  of  architecture  of  the 
middle  ages.  The  parapet-towers  and  battlements  remind  the  visitor  of  the 
Tudor  times  of  mystery  and  romance.  The  prison  is  in  marked  contrast 
with  that  of  the  j ail,  or  what  was  formerly  a debtor’ s apartment,  being  a per- 
fect copy  of  some  of  the  old  Egyptian  structures.  In  the  rear  of  this  sombre 
and  massive  pile  of  buildings,  at  'Twelfth  and  Wharton  streets,  is  a new  and 
handsomely  laid  out  park,  called  Penn  Square. 

OLD  SWEDES’  CHURCH,  GLORIA  DEI. 

This  is  a venerable  relic  of  the  early  days  of  religious  worship  in  our  new 
world,  when  a church  had  to  serve  the  purpose  of  a fortress,  or  place  of  refuge, 
as  well  as  that  of  devotion  and  prayer. 


OLD  swedes'  church 


60 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


It  was  founded  by  the  Swedes  in  1677.  It  is  the  oldest  church  organization  in 
the  city,  being  five  years  prior  to  the  landing  of  William  Penn.  The  presentbrick 
building  was  completed  and  consecrated  in  the  summer  of  1700,  and  has  been 
worshipped  in  continuously  ever  since. 

It  contains  many  quaint  and  characteristic  relics  brought  over  by  its  founders 
for  memorials  and  ornamentations. 

The  world-renowned  queen  of  song,  Jenny  Lind,  the  Swedish  nightingale, 
worshipped  here  on  her  visits  to  Philadelphia,  as  did  also  the  famed  and  gifted 
Neilson.  The  church  is  on  Swanson  street,  below  Christian  street,  looking  to- 
wards Otsego  street,  from  which  it  is  reached  by  passing  through  the  ceme- 
tery. 

“ They  all  are  passing  from  the  land, 

Those  churches  old  and  gray.” 

HISTORICAL  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

IN  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL  BUILDING,  SOUTH  SIDE  OF  SPRUCE  STREET, 
BETWEEN  EIGHTH  AND  NINTH  STREETS. 

This  ancient  and  honored  institution  well  merits  its  title,  for  it  is  the  store- 
house, the  sanctum  of  all  the  important  archives,  records,  etc.,  of  the  State 
from  its  earliest  colonial  existence — indeed,  the  State  and  the  City’s  complete 
history — civil,  religious  and  political,  in  manuscripts,  machines,  relics,  etc.,  re- 
lating to  American  history,  its  rise  and  progress.  The  pamphlet  collection  is 
probably  not  inferior  to  any  in  the  country.  The  whole  library  is  divided 
into  ten  classes,  viz. : history,  biography,  manuscripts,  pamphlets,  periodicals, 
voyages  and  travels,  newspapers,  public  documents  of  Pennsylvania,  public 
documents  of  the  United  States,  and  miscellaneous  works.  There  are  also 
numerous  curiosities  and  objects  of  historical  interest,  in  addition  to  a choice 
collection  of  coins,  which  render  the  institution  well  worthy  of  a visit.  Open 
daily  after  11  o’clock  A.  M. 

THE  MERCANTILE  LIBRARY, 

WEST  SIDE  OF  TENTH  STREET,  ABOVE  CHESTNUT  STREET. 

The  Library  was  organized  in  1821  by  a number  of  merchants  and  bankers. 
In  1826  the  Library  was  changed  from  an  association  of  subscribers  into  a 
company  of  stockholders.  In  1845,  the  building  now  standing  at  the  south- 
east corner  of  Fifth  and  Library  streets,  was  erected ; it  becoming  inadequate, 
was  sold  for  $95,000,  and  the  Franklin  Market  was  bought  and  altered  at  an 
expense  of  $230,000.  The  interior  is  300  by  80  feet  *,  the  length  of  main 
library -room  187  feet.  The  number  of  volumes  in  the  Library,  January, 
1876,  was  123,668,  besides  8,704  unbound  pamphlets.  Total  number  of  stock- 
holders and  subscribers,  10,401.  The  average  number  of  visitor  at  the  rooms 


I 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  G1 


INTERIOR  OF  THE  MERCANTILE  LIBRARY. 


each  day  during  1875,  1,409.  Attached  to  the  Library  are  chess,  reading  and 
newspaper-rooms  •,  in  the  latter  will  be  found  newspapers  from  nearly  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

Visitors  are  always  welcome  and  are  shown  over  the  building.  At  the  desk 
Avill  be  found  the  Visitor’s  Book,  in  which  you  are  expected  to  leave  your 
autograph. 

Opposite  the  Library  building  is  St.  Stephen’s  Church,  a Gothic  structure  5 
the  front  consisting  of  two  octagonal  towers,  eighty-six  feet  high,  terminating 
in  embattlements.  The  Methodists  erected  the  building  in  1811,  and  gave  it 
the  name  of  St.  Thomas’  M.  E.  Church.  They  occupied  it  for  twelve  years, 
when  it  was  purchased  by  St.  Stephen’s  congregation.  The  interior  decora- 
tions are  of  great  beauty,  particularly  the  many  richly  stained  windows. 

In  the  north  wall  is  a recess,  which  contains  a magnificent  monument  to  the 
Burd  family,  celebrated  as  one  of  the  finest  productions  of  the  artist’s  chisel, 
^ and  which  at  all  ceremonies  is  lighted.  The  towers  contain  a rich  chime  of 

I bells,  and  the  instrumental  and  vocal  music  at  all  the  services  is  unusually 

ft  fine. 


62 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


YOUNG  MEN’S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  TEMPLE, 

LOCATED  SOUTH-EAST  CORNER  FIFTEENTH  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS. 

An  ornament  to  the  city ; an  honor  to  the  Association,  and  a credit  to  the 
architect.  It  extends  from  Chestnut  to  Sansom  streets,  and  is  230  by  72  feet ; 
is  five  stories  in  height,  with  the  ornamental  Mansard  roof,  and  a tower  95 
feet  in  height.  It  is  built  of  Ohio  blue  stone,  with  a base  of  Quincy  granite, 
the  principal  entrances  being  embellished  with  columns  of  highly-polished  red 
granite.  The  cost  of  the  structure  is  about  $500,000. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

OLD  AND  NEW. 

In  the  year  1764,  the  foundation  of  the  first  medical  school  in  America  was 
laid,  by  a course  of  lectures  upon  anatomy,  which  were  delivered  by  Dr.  Wm. 
Shippen.  His  pupils  were  ten  in  number.  He  was  appointed  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  by  the  trustees,  professor  of  that  branch ; and  Dr.  John  Morgan 
became  professor  of  the  institutes  of  medicine.  In  1768,  Dr.  Adam  Kuhn  was 
appointed  professor  of  botany,  and  in  1769,  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  was  elected 
to  the  chemical  chair.  Simultaneously,  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  was  giving  clinical 
lectures  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

The  college  continued  to  diffuse  the  benefits  of  learning,  and  was  conducted 
with  ability  and  zeal,  until  1779,  when  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  gave  it 
a new  charter,  erecting  it  into  a University.  Thus,  two  colleges  were  estab- 
lished, viz. — the  Academy  and  the  University — having  distinct  professors  in 
medicine  and  in  the  arts.  It  was  not  long,  however,  before  the  two  boards- 
became  convinced  of  the  folly  of  the  course  they  were  pursuing  ; and  a con- 
ference being  held,  it  was  agreed  to  petition  the  Legislature  that  they  might  be 
united.  Accordingly,  in  1791  this  was  done,  and  thus  was  established  the 
organization  under  which  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  has  achieved  its 
present  commanding  position. 

The  illustrative  collections  and  various  practical  arrangements  of  the  Medi- 
cal Department,  have  long  been  celebrated.  The  most  interesting  of  these  is 
the  Wistar  and  Horner  Museum  of  Anatomy  and  Pathology. 

The  most  important  changes  are  the  removal  of  the  school,  with  all  its 
property,  to  new  and  appropriate  buildings  near  the  Academical  Hall,  in 
West  Philadelphia,  and  the  erection,  on  adjoining  grounds,  of  a University 
Hospital.  The  clinical  opportunities  of  this  Hospital  will  be  devoted  to  the 
benefit  of  the  pupils  of  the  school,  who  will  enjoy  them  in  addition  to  analo- 
gous facilities  in  all  the  public  hospitals  and  dispensaries. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION, 


63 


NEW  UNIVERSITY  BUILDINGS, 

THIRTY-SIXTH  AND  SPRUCE  STREETS,  WEST  PHILADELPHIA. 


The  University  of  Pennsylvania,  with  its  cluster  of  beautiful  buildings^ 
forms  a most  conspicuous  object  in  West  Philadelphia.  The  main  University 
Building,  rising  from  Academical  Hall,  presents  to  the  eye  a splendid  specimen 
of  modern  collegical  Gothic  architecture.  It  is  the  front  of  what  is  intended 
to  be  a complete  square  of  Gothic  structures  devoted  to  various  uses,  in  all 
connection  with  the  University. 

The  Medical  Department  faces  on  Thirty-sixth  street,  between  Spruce  and 
Locust  streets  ; and  while  it  has  distinctive  architectural  features  of  its  own, 
it  follows  the  main  structure  in  general  style.  The  edifice  is  larger  and  more 
commodious,  as  well  as  more  elegant,  than  any  other  building  in  America 
devoted  to  a similar  purpose.  The  arrangements  for  the  convenient  accom- 
modation and  instruction  of  students  have  been  carried  out  in  accordance  with 
plans  based  upon  long  experience. 


64 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


In  the  basement  are  the  laboratories  5 on  the  first  floor,  two  large  lecture 
rooms ; on  the  second,  a general  museum  and  an  amphitheatre  for  six  hundred 
students ; and  on  the  third,  rooms  for  the  study  of  operative  surgery  and 
dissection.  . 

The  Lecture  and  Dissecting  Rooms ; the  Museum  and  Cabinet,  including 
the  Wistar  and  Horner  Museum,  founded  nearly  one  hundred  years  ago,  and 
which  is  unequaled  for  the  number  and  variety  of  its  specimens  of  the  normal 
and  morbid  anatomy  of  every  part  of  the  human  body ; the  Chemical  and 
Medical  Apparatus,  the  most  extensive  private  collection  in  the  country  5 the 
Library,  containing  upwards  of  nearly  three  thousand  medical  works,  acces- 
sible to  advanced  students  and  graduates  under  appropriate  regulations  5 and 
numerous  other  departments,  are  all  so  constructed  as  to  excel  all  previous 
accommodation  for  a medical  school. 

These  advantages  have  been  fully  recognized  and  appreciated  by  the  faculty 
and  by  the  students  during  the  last  session,  as  well  as  the  quietness,  the 
absence  of  excitement,  and  the  pure  air  of  the  locality,  which  so  greatly  tend 
to  promote  industrious  habits,  to  render  study  profitable,  and  to  preserve  the 
health;  all  of  which  objects  it  was  impossible  to  secure  in  an  equal  degree 
while  the  school  remained  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  The  immediate  neighbor- 
hood of  the  University  to  its  own  Hospital  and  the  Philadelphia  Hospital,  at 
both  of  which  the  Clinical  Instruction  of  the  students  is  chiefly  given,  forms 
another  and  <][uite  peculiar  advantage  of  this  Institution. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES,* 

CORNER  NINETEENTH  AND  RACE  STREETS. 

The  lot  having  a front  on  Nineteenth  street  of  288  feet,  and  a depth  on 
Race  street  of  198  feet.  It  covers  an  area  of  186  feet  on  Race  street,  by  83  feet 
on  Nineteenth  street.  The  ridge  of  the  skylight  is  80  feet  above  the  road- 
way. The  north  wing  was  commenced  in  July,  1872.  The  walls  are  of  brick, 
and  faced  with  green  serpentine  stone.  The  architecture  is  collegiate  Gothic, 
and  the  building  is  fire-proof  throughout.  The  public  entrance  is  on  Race 
street.  The  floors  of  the  vestibule  and  stair  landings  are  of  encaustic  tiles. 
The  stairs  are  of  iron.  They  lead  to  tho  entresol  and  museum  floors.  The 
first  floor  is  divided  into  nineteen  apartments,  and  the  entresol  into  seven. 
At  the  cast  or  Nineteenth  street  end  of  the  building,  on  the  first  and  entresol 
floors,  are  rooms  for  the  accommodation  of  artists,  for  the  publications  of  the 
Academy,  for  the  use  of  the  curators  and  council,  a reading-room,  a duplicate- 
room,  etc.  At  the  west  end,  on  the  first  and  entresol  floors,  are  four  rooms,  21 
by  27  feet,  designed  to  contain  the  botanical  and  entomological  collections. 
The  floor  of  the  library  is  130  feet  long,  and  30  feet  wide,  between  the  fronts 


*An  illustration  of  this  building  is  on  page  21. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


65 


of  the  book-cases.  The  ceiling  is  18  feet  high.  It  contains  30,000  volumes, 
and  is  the  largest  purely  scientific  one  in  America.  Every  branch  of  natural 
science  has  at  least  one  case  in  the  library.  The  room,  besides  holding  the 
30,000  volumes,  has  space  enough  on  the  floor  to  seat  comfortably  four  hundred 
persons. 

The  second,  or  Museum  floor,  is  180  feet  long  by  60  feet  wide.  The  first 
gallery,  10  feet  above  the  main  floor,  is  21  feet  wide,  and  the  second,  which  is 
9 feet  above  it,  is  18  feet  wide.  The  gallery  floors,  are  constructed  of  slabs  of 
slate,  an  inch  and  a half  thick,  laid  upon  iron  beams  and  iron  webs.  A colon- 
nade of  ten  wrought  iron  columns  supports  the  galleries  and  roof. 

The  Museum  is  in  all  parts  well  lighted.  A lantern  sky-light,  80  feet  in 
length,  admits  light  to  the  nave,  and  windows  on  the  sides  and  ends  of  the 
building  light  the  galleries.  The  aggregate  of  floor  space  in  the  Museum 
is  27,875  square  feet,  or  more  than  three-fifths  of  an  acre.  But  the  collections 
are  so  numerous  that  all  this  space  will  be  fully  occupied,  and  it  is  feared  that 
the  Museum  will  still  present  a crowded  appearance. 

GOVERNMENT  FORTS— NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  STATIONS,  ETC., 
AT  PHILADELPHIA. 

FORT  MIFFLIN, 

is  located  in  the  Twenty-seventh  Ward  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  on  the 
western  shore  of  the  Delaware  river,  and  south-west  from  the  city  5 distance 
by  water  about  eight  miles,  and  by  land  five  miles.  The  land  adjoining  the 
Fort  is  flat  and  marshy,  embracing  an  area  of  about  six  thousand  acres;  to  the 
north-west  the  land  is  rolling,  divided  by  numerous  fresh  water-streams. 
Fort  Mifflin  (named  after  Governor  Mifflin,)  was  originally  an  earthwork,  and 
from  its  being  erected  upon  a marshy  flat,  called  “Mud  Island,”  it  was  for  a 
long  period  called  Mud  Fort ; now,  from  its  almost  impregnable  walls  point  the 
heaviest  pieces  of  ordnance.  The  firm  old  structure  has  its  revolutionary 
history — the  repulse  of  the  British  at  the  battle  of  Red  Bank,  1777 — where  the 
frigate  Augusta  received  a shot  from  the  fort  in  her  magazine,  which  caused  her 
to  blow  up  with  a terrible  and  fatal  explosion.  The  subjoined  lines  of  a song, 
written  upon  the  incident,  was  popular  among  seamen  and  others,  for  many  years ; 

“On  Thursday  morning,  the  weather  fair, 

The  Augusta  sailed  up  the  Delaware  ; 

She  thundered  loud,  as  she  passed  by. 

Our  forts  and  batteries  she  did  defy. 

A red-hot  ball  from  Fort  Mifflin  came, 

Which  set  her  vast  hull  in  a flame.” 

The  story  runs,  that  after  the  frigate  had  succeeded  in  passing  the  fort,  a 
man  at  one  of  the  guns  begged  permission  of  the  officer,  to  fire  one  more 

4* 


66 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


shot.  It  was  granted,  and  the  result  was  a terrific  crash  and  explosion,  and 
the  death  of  upwards  of  a hundred  men.  After  remaining  in  the  bed  of  the  river 
ninety-three  years,  the  hull  of  the  Augusta  was  raised  by  machinery  in  1870, 
and  is  now  lying  just  above  the  steamboat  ferry  at  Gloucester  City,  on  the 
Delaware  river,  below  Philadelphia. 

FORT  DELAWARE,  ON  PEA  PATCH  ISLAND,  IN  THE  DELAWARE  RIVER. 

The  Island  is  one  and  one-eighth  miles  distant  from  the  Delaware  shore, 
one  mile  from  the  New  Jersey  shore,  and  forty-two  miles  below  the  city  of 
Philadelphia;  ceded  in  1813  by  the  State  of  Delaware,  to  the  United  States; 
work  commenced  in  1814,  and  which  was  burned  down  in  1831.  In  December, 
1838,  the  island  was  claimed  by  a citizen  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  work  on  the  new 
fort  was  suspended.  In  1848  the  United  States  title  was  confirmed,  and  in  May, 
1849,  the  foundations  of  the  present  works  were  commenced. 

The  reservation  has  80  acres,  average  level  3 feet  4 inches,  highest  point  9 
feet  8 inches  above  mean  low  water.  The  island  is  surrounded  by  a levee,  pro- 
tected from  the  water,  and  is  drained  by  net-work  ditches.  There  is  a dock 
and  three  wharves,  two  of  stone  and  one  of  wood. 

The  surrounding  country  is  mainly  meadow  land,  the  soil  a rich  loam  and 
very  fertile.  Climate  salubrious  and  healthy ; cold  in  winter,  and  hot  in  sum- 
mer. Fort  Delaware  was  the  great  receptacle  for  confederate  prisoners  during 
the  late  rebellion,  where  many  thousands  were  comfortably  lodged  and  fed. 

Delaware  City  is  the  nearest  post  ofl&ce  station,  and  is  about  west  south-west 
from  the  post. 

NAVY  YARD,  LEAGUE  ISLAND,  AT  THE  FOOT  OF  SOUTH  BROAD  STREET. 

As  the  Government  has  sold  the  old  navy  site,  buildings,  etc.,  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  Company,  all  of  the  movable  matter,  machinery,  barracks, 
vessels,  munitions  of  war,  etc.,  have  been  transferred  to  League  Island, 
which  lies  at  the  end  of  the  neck  of  land  or  peninsula  embraced  in  the  First 
Ward  of  the  City,  and  is  about  five  miles  down  the  Delaware  river  from  the  old 
Navy  Yard.  League  Island  was  presented  by  the  City  of  Philadelphia  to 
the  Government,  for  a Navy  Yard  and  Naval  Station.  When  first  offered  to 
the  Government,  an  effort  was  made  by  representatives  in  Congress,  in  favor 
of  having  the  Naval  Station  removed  from  this  city,  to  some  other  port  in 
the  Union,  but  which  was  finally  defeated;  League  Island  presenting  the 
best  claims — the  greatest  depth  of  fresh  water,  seawater  being  injurious 
to  the  plates  and  other  metallic  material  used  in  the  construction  of  vessels  of 
war.  Our  close  proximity  to  the  great  coal  and  iron  supplies  of  the  State, 
were  also  advantages  which  could  not  be  overlooked  in  the  selection  of  a naval 
site,  not  to  omit  our  renowned  ship  building  supplies.  The  location  covers 
about  seven  hundred  acres.  The  admiration  of  the  visitor  will  be  agree- 


67 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 

I 

ably  excited  on  beholding  here  a number  of  vessels  famed  for  their  naval 
achievments  under  various  naval  heroes,  from  the  Revolution  down  to  the  late 
rebellion,  and  among  which — above  all  in  historical  interest — stands  the  Cen- 
tennial frigate.  Constitution,  or  “Old  Ironsides,”  now  being  fitted  up  for  the 
great  National  Exhibition  of  1876.  All  honor  to  her  old  timbers  I She  re- 
ceived her  baptismal  of  fire  at  the  bombardment  of  “Tripoli,”  in  which  action 
she  received  300  round  shots  against  her  hull,  and  came  out  with  no  holes  in 
her  sides,  but  her  port-holes,  and  from  that  fact  she  was  christened  Ironsides ; 
and  under  the  commands  of  Hull,  Bainbridge  and  Stewart,  she  fully  and  victo- 
riously earned  her  soubriquet. 

UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  ASYLUM,  GRAY’s  FERRY  ROAD,  BELOW  SOUTH  STREET. 

The  main  building,  which  is  of  marble,  has  a.  front  of  360  feet,  in  the 
centre  of  which  is  a Ionic  portico  of  140  feet.  Two  other  elegant  buildings, 
one  on  either  side,  are  appropriated  to  the  higher  ofi&cers  of  the  institution. 
The  grounds  comprise  about  twenty-seven  acres,  which  are  beautifully  laid 
out  and  adorned  with  shrubbery.  The  view  from  the  western  front  is  very 
pleasing.  It  commands  the  Schuylkill  river  in  either  direction,  and  on  the 
opposite  side  of  this  stream,  the  extensive  and  picturesque  grounds  of  Wood- 
land Cemetery,  the  vast  and  commanding  structure  of  the  Almshouse  and 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  and  the  suburban  residences  of  Hamilton  Village,  re- 
markable for  the  beautiful  trees  which  surround  them.  The  object  of  the 
institution  is  to  supply  a home  for  sailors  and  marines  of  the  navy,  disabled 
by  age  or  disease.  A service  of  twenty  years,  and  a surgeon’s  certificate  that 
the  applicant  is  unable  to  labor,  are  requisite  for  his  admission. 

UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  HOSPITAL, 

on  the  grounds  back  of  the  Asylum.  This  is  a spacious  and  imposing 
structure,  well  adapted  to  its  purpose.  It  is  nearly  covered  from  view, 
except  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  badly  placed  upon  the  bank  of 
the  river,  being  exposed  to  malaria  during  the  spring  and  autumn.  Erected 
under  orders  of  the  United  States  Naval  Department  for  the  treatment  of  sick 
and  wounded  officers  and  men  of  the  United  States  Navy.  It  is  well  built  and 
admirably  arranged  in  accordance  with  the  present  views  of  hospital  construction. 

A HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  MARKET  STREET  BRIDGE. 

The  following  authentic  history  of  the  ferriage  across  the  Schuylkill  at 
Market  street,  and  of  the  destroyed  bridge  will  prove  interesting.  The  middle 
ferry  was  established  at  Market  street,  Schuylkill,  in  the  earliest  period  of  the 
history  of  the  city.  The  passage  was  by  a scow  drawn  by  a rope  from  side  to 
side.  About  the  end  of  the  year  1776,  Major  General  Israel  Putnam,  of  the 
Continental  army,  who  was  in  command  of  the  city  when  the  British  army 


68 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


was  marching  across  New  Jersey  with  the  intention,  it  was  supposed,  of  at- 
tacking Philadelphia,  built  a floating  bridge  at  Market  street.  The  battles  of 
Trenton  and  Princeton  checked  the  hostile  movement. 

In  1777,  after  the  battle  of  Brandywine  was  lost  by  the  Americans,  Put- 
nam’s floating  bridge  was  carried  away  from  its, position  and  stowed  in  some 
safe  place  elsewhere.  The  British  army  built  a bridge  at  Market  street  during 
the  occupation,  which  remained  after  the  city  was  evacuated.  This  British 
bridge  was  subsequently  taken  away  and  sold  to  the  proprietors  of  Gray’s 
Ferry,  and  became  the  floating  bridge  at  that  place.  Putnam’s  bridge  was 
replaced  in  the  old  position,  but  was  carried  away  by  a flood,  March  15th, 
1804.  The  permanent  bridge  company  was  formed  in  1798  ; the  corner-stone 
was  laid  October  8th,  1800,  and  the  bridge  was  finished  and  opened  in  1804. 

This  then,  was  the  first  bridge  constructed  in  the  city.  It  was  dedicated  to 
the  double  use  of  pedestrians  and  railway  cars.  The  bridgeway  between  the 
abutments  is  divided  by  two  piers  of  stone,  and  was  composed  of  three  great 
arches.  The  depth  of  water  at  the  western  pier  is  forty-one  feet  below  high 
tide.  The  whole  length  of  the  bridge,  including  abutments  and  wing-walls, 
was  thirteen  hundred  feet.  The  span  of  the  middle  arch  was  one  hundred 
and  ninety-four  feet,  and  of  the  other  arches  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  The 
alteration  of  this  bridge  was  authorized  by  an  ordinance  passed  August  2, 
1849,  and  the  new  bridge  was  built  and  finished  in  December,  1850. 

It  was  burnt  November  20th,  1875,  and  the  present  temporary  bridge  was 
built  in  twenty-one  days,  by  Col.  Thomas  A.  Scott,  President  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Company,  at  a cost  of  $56,405.66. 

One  of  the  most  elaborate  bridges  in  the  city,  or  indeed,  in  the  country,  is 
the  “double-deck” 


CALLOWHILL  STREET  BRIDGE, 

crossing  the  Schuylkill  river  at  Callowhill  and  Spring  Garden  streets,  and 
just  below  the  Fairmount  waterworks  ; occupying  the  site  of  the  once  cele- 
brated Wire  Bridge. 

The  total  length  of  this  iron  truss  superstructure  is  1,295  feet;  the  main 
span,  over  the  river,  being  350  feet.  The  bridge  has  an  upper  and  lower 
roadway ; the  upper  floor  being  32  feet  above  the  lower,  and  with  the  side- 
walks, is  48  feet  in  width,  between  balustrades.  The  lower  floor  is  50  feet 
wide,  having  a roadway  and  two  sidewalks. 

The  upper  roadway  accommodates  travel  on  Spring  Garden  street,  and 
the  lower  connects  Callowhill  street  with  Haverford  street,  by  way  of  Thirtieth 
street. 


THE  DOUBLE  BRIDGE,  CALLOWHILL  STREET 


TO 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


POST  OFFICE,  PHILADELPHIA. 

The  central  office  (Chestnut  street,  below  Fifth,)  is  kept  open  continu- 
ously. Main-doors,  open  from  7.30  A.  M.  to  6.30  P.  M.  Night-windows, 
open  from  6.30  P.  M.  to  7.30  A.  M.  Sundays,  open  for  box,  carrier  and  gen- 
eral delivery,  from  8.30  to  9.30  A.  M.,  and  from  2 to  3 P.  M.  Postage  on 
letters  (half  ounce)  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  is  three 
cents  5 Postal  Cards,  one  cent  each  *,  newspapers  not  exceeding  two  ounces  in 
weight,  one  cent  each — weighing  more  than  two  ounces,  two  cents  each. 
Book-manuscript,  pamphlets,  merchandize,  etc.,  one  cent  for  every  ounce  or 
fraction,  and  limited  to  four  pounds  in  weight.  All  packages  must  be  done 
up  so  the  contents  can  be  examined. 

The  carrier  service  covers  an  area  of  about  sixty-seven  square  miles,  and 
within  this  territory,  nine  hundred  and  thirteen  street  letter-boxes  are  located 
for  the  collection  of  letters  To  and  from  the  Exhibition  Grounds  there  will  be 
an  hourly  mail. 

POSTAGE  RATES  UNDER  GENERAL  UNION  TREATY. 

On  and  after  July  1,  1875,  uniform  rates  of  postage  will  be  levied  and  col- 
lected in  the  United  States  on  correspondence  to  and  from  the  whole  extent  of 
the  General  Postal  Union,  formed  by  the  Treaty  of  Berne,  embracing  within 
its  limits  the  following  countries,  viz. : Germany,  Austria,  Hungary,  Belgium, 
Denmark  (including  Iceland  and  the  Faroe  Is-lands),  Egypt,  Spain  (including 
the  Balearic  Isles,  the  Canary  Islands,  the  Spanish  possessions  on  the  northern 
coast  of  Africa,  and  the  postal  establishments  of  Spain  upon  the  western  coast 
of  Morocco),  Great  Britain  (including  the  Island  of  Malta),  Greece,  Italy, 
Luxemburg,  Norway,  the  Netherlands,  Portugal  (including  the  Island  of 
Madeira  and  the  Azores),  Roumania,  Russia  (including  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Finland),  Servia,  Sweden,  Switzerland,  Turkey,  France  and  Japan.  These 
rates  are  as  follows,  viz. : 

For  prepaid  letters,  five  cents  per  half  ounce.  For  postal  cards,  two  cents 
each.  For  newspapers,  if  not  over  four  ounces  in  weight,  two  cents  each. 
For  books,  other  printed  matter,  patterns  of  merchandise,  legal  and  com- 
mercial documents,  pamphlets,  music,  visiting  cards,  photographs,  catalogues, 
prospectuses,  announcements  and  notices  of  various  kinds,  whether  printed, 
engraved  or  lithographed,  two  cents  per  each  weight  of  two  ounces  or  fraction 
of  two  ounces.  For  the  registration  fee  on  all  correspondence,  ten  cents.  No 
fee  will  be  charged  on  return  receipts  for  registered  articles,  in  cases  where 
such  receipts  are  requested. 

The  prepayment  of  letters  is  optional,  but  unpaid  letters  will  be  charged  in 
the  country  of  destination  with  double  the  rate  levied  on  prepaid  letters.  The 
prepayment  of  postal  cards,  registered  articles,  newspapers  and  other  printed 
papers  is  compulsory. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


71 


Prepayment  of  postage  of  every  description  of  article  can  be  effected  only 
by  means  of  postage  stamps  or  stamped  envelopes  valid  in  the  country  of 
origin. 

Newspapers  and  other  printed  papers  unpaid,  or  insufficiently  prepaid,  can- 
not be  forwarded.  Other  articles  when  unpaid,  or  insufficiently  paid,  will  be 
charged  as  unpaid  letters,  after  deducting  the  value  of  the  stamped  envelopes 
or  postage  stamps  employed. 

Not  only  letters,  but  legal  and  commercial  documents,  patterns  of  mer- 
chandise, newspapers,  stitched  or  bound  books,  pamphlets,  music,  visiting 
cards,  photographs,  catalogues,  prospectuses,  announcements  and  notices  of 
various  kinds,  may  be  registered,  and  the  postage  payable  on  registered  articles 
is  the  same  aa-  that  on  articles  not  registered. 

The  maximum  weight  for  patterns  of  merchandise  is  fixed  at  eight  and 
three-quarter  ounces,  and  the  maximum  weight  of  other  articles  (except 
letters)  is  two  pounds  three  ounces. 

Books,  newspapers,  printed  papers  and  other  similar  articles  must  be  placed 
under  bands,  or  in  an  envelope  open  or  simply  folded,  so  as  to  admit  of  their 
being  easily  examined,  and,  except  in  the  following  particulars,  they  must 
contain  no  MS  writing,  figure  or  mark  whatever. 

Proofs  of  printing  or  of  music  may  bear  corrections  made  with  the  pen,  re- 
lating exclusively  to  the  text  or  to  the  execution  of  the  work.  It  shall  be 
allowable  to  annex  MS  to  them. 

Patterns  of  merchandise  will  only  be  admitted  to  the  benefits  of  the  reduced 
postage  extended  to  them  by  the  treaty  under  the  following  condition : — They 
must  be  placed  in  bags,  boxes  or  envelopes,  removable,  so  as  to  admit  of  an 
easy  examination. 

Mails  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland — American  Steamship  Company’s  Line, 
•via  Queenstown — every  Thursday. 

All  parts  of  Europe — per  steamer  from  New  York — four  times  a week. 
Mails  leave  Philadelphia  the  evening  previous  to  sailing  of  mail  steamer,  as  per 
advertisement  in  daily  papers. 

Money  orders  issued  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  Canada,  England, 
Ireland,  Scotland,  German  Empire  and  Switzerland. 

ADVERTISED  LETTERS. 

Letters  returned  by  carriers  are  advertised  within  three  days.  Letters  merely 
addressed  to  the  Post  Office,  are  advertised  one  week  after  being  received. 
Persons  calling  for  advertised  letters  must  be  particular  in  giving  the  date  of  the 
list  in  which  they  are  inserted.  All  advertised  letters  not  claimed  within 
thirty  days,  are  sent  to  the  Dead  Letter  Office.  Letters  addressed  to  initials  or 
fictitious  names,  are  treated  as  dead  matter. 


72 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  NEW  POST  OFFICE  AND  UNITED  STATES  COURT  HOUSE. 

It  will  have  a frontage  of  430  feet  on  Ninth  street,  and  155  feet  on  Chestnut 
and  Market  streets.  The  plan  on  the  ground  floor  is  in  the  form  of  a rectangle, 
and  the  whole  of  this  floor  will  be  devoted  to  the  uses  of  the  Post  Ofi&ce,  having 
one  large  business  room,  140x254  feet,  with  public  corridors,  offices  for  money 
orders,  postmaster,  cashier  and  large  fire-proof  vaults. 

It  will  be  well  lighted  on  all  four  sides,  and  with  a large  skylight  towards 
the  rear,  62x254  feet.  The  main  entrances  for  the  public  will  be  on  Ninth  street, 
with  a driveway  for  reception  of  mails  at  the  rear  of  the  building.  The  base- 
ment will  be  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  Post  Office,  storage,  heating  apparatus 
and  fuel,  and  elevators  connecting  with  the  first  floor  for  raising  and  lowering  of 
mails.  Above,  the  main  story  the  building  will  take  the  form  of  a half  parallelo- 
gram, with  a space  in  the  centre,  and  is  entirely  assigned  to  offices,  which  will 
furnish  ample  accommodations  for  sucli  government  officers  as  it  may  be  found 
desirable  to  locate  in  this  building.  On  the  third  floor  there  will  be  two  large 
court  rooms,  42x63  feet,  and  30  high,  with  smaller  rooms  for  the  Judges,  United 
States  District  Attorney,  Marshal,  Clerks  of  Courts,  hearings,  and  offices  for 
court  officials.  In  the  fourth  story,  rooms  will  be  provided  for  juries,  witnesses, 
documents,  files.  Route  and  Special  Agents.  Broad  staircases  give  access  to  the 
upper  stories,  as  will  also  two  large  passenger  elevators  with  latest  improvements. 

The  heights  of  the  different  floors  are  to  be  as  follows:  Basement,  15  feet*, 
first  story,  27  feet;  second,  22  feet;  third,  20;  fourth,  16  feet.  Each  story  is 
to  be  furnished  with  a full  compliment  of  closets  and  lavatories.  The  building 
is  to  be  heated  by  steam,  and  an  ample  system  of  ventilation  will  be  provided, 
with  ventilating  registers  in  each  room  opening  into  ducts  connecting  with 
large  rarified  air  shafts. 

The  exterior  is  designed  in  the  Renaissance  style,  and  its  general  appearance 
is  well  set  forth  by  our  illustration  on  page  44. 

From  the  ground  line  to  the  top  of  the  main  cornice,  the  height  will  be  90 
feet,  and  from  the  ground  to  the  top  of  the  large  central  dome,  180  feet. 

The  exterior  of  the  building  will  be  of  granite,  that  for  the  basement  being 
furnished  by  the  Old  Dominion  Granite  Company,  from  their  quarries  near 
Richmond,  Va. ; and  that  for  the  superstruction  by  the  Dix  Island  Company, 
from  their  quarries  at  Dix  Island,  Maine. 

NOMENCLATURE  OF  ARRANGEMENTS  OF  THE  STREETS  OF 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Our  streets,  as  originally  named  by  William  Penn,  were  numerical  and 
pomological — the  pomological,  running  from  east  to  west;  the, numerical, 
from  north  to  south ; but  at  present  they  include  every  form  of  nomenclature, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


73 


the  historical,  the  geographical,  the  natural,  the  mineral,  the  classical,  etc. 
We  here  give  their  order  and  the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  dwellings 
are  numbered. 

The  streets  of  Philadelphia  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  are  numbered 
from  Market  street,  north  and  south,  and  westward  from  the  Delaware  river. 
Thus,  the  first  house  below  Market  street,  on  the  west  side,  is  numbered  2 
(west  side  takes  even  numbers,  and  east  side,  odd)  and  so  on,  regularly,  until 
Chestnut  street  is  reached ; and  although  the  first  house  north  of  Chestnut 
street  may  be  numbered  but  54,  the  first  house  south  of  Chestnut  street  is 
numbered  100. 

Beginning  at  the  Delaware  river,  the  streets  running  westward  from  the 
river  are  numbered  in  like  manner — the  even  numbers  being  on  the  south 
side.  At  Third  street  anywhere  in  the  city,  the  first  house  west  is  numbered 
300 ; at  Eighth  street,  800 ; Broad  street  is  numerically  1400  ; and  so  on,  up 
to  Cobb’s  creek,  the  western  boundary  line  between  Philadelphia  City  and 
Delaware  county. 

The  streets  north  and  south  of  Market  street,  are  thus  numbered : 


No.  North. 

1 Market, 

— Filbert, 

— Commerce, 

— Church, 

100  Arch, 

— Cherry, 

200  Race, 

— Branch, 

— New, 

300  Vine, 

— Wood, 

400  Callowhill, 

— Margaretta, 

— Willow, 

— Noble, 

500  Buttonwood, 

Spring  Garden, 

600  Green, 

— Mt.  Vernon, 

— Wallace, 

— Melon, 

700  Fairmount  Ave., 

— Olive, 

800  Brown, 

— Parish, 

— Ogden, 

900  Poplar, 

— Laurel, 


No.  South. 

1 Market, 

— Jayne, 

— Merchant, 

— Minor, 

100  Chestnut, 

— Sansom, 

— Library, 

200  Walnut, 

— Dock, 

— Locust, 

300  Spruce, 

— Union, 

400  Pine, 

500  Lombard, 

— Gaskin, 

600  South, 

700  Bainbridge, 

— Monroe, 

— Fitz  water, 

— German, 

800  Catharine, 

— Queen, 

900  Christian, 

— Marriott, 

1000  Carpenter, 

1100  Washington  Avenue,  / 
— Ellsworth, 

1200  Federal, 


74 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


No.  North. 


No.  South. 


— Beaver, 

— George, 

1200  Girard  Avenue, 

— Stiles, 

1300  Thompson, 

— Seybert, 

1400  Master, 

1500  Jefferson,  • 

1600  Oxford, 

1700  Columbia  Avenue. 
1800  Montgomery  Avenue, 
1900  Berks, 

2000  Norris, 

— Otis, 

2100  Diamond, 

2200  Susquehanna, 

2300  Dauphin, 

2400  York, 

2500  Cumberland, 

2600  Huntington, 

2700  Lehigh  Avenue, 

2800  Somerset, 

2900  Cambria, 

3000  Indiana, 

3100  Clearfield, 

3200  Allegheny. 


— Marion, 

1300  Wharton, 

1400  Keed, 

1500  Dickerson, 

— ■ Greenwich, 

1600  Tasker, 

1700  Morris, 

— Pierce, 

1800  Moore, 

— Siegel, 

1900  Mifflin, 

2000  McKean, 

2100  Snyder, 

2200  Jackson, 

2300  Wolf, 

2400  Ritner, 

2500  Porter, 

2600  Shunk, 

2700  Oregon  Avenue, 
2800  Johnson, 

2900  Bigler, 

3000  Pollock, 

3100  Packer, 

3200  Curtin, 

3300  Geary, 

3400  Hartranft. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  75 


BANKS  IN  PHILADELPHIA. 

Open  daily,  except  Sundays  and  Legal  Holidays  from  10  A.  M.  to  3 P.  M. 

Bank  Clearing  House,  429  Chestnut  street. 

Bank  of  America,*  306  W alnut  street. 

Bank  of  North  America,  307  Chestnut  street. 

Centennial  National  Bank,  3126  Market  street. 

Central  National  Bank,  109  South  Fourth  street. 

City  National  Bank,  32  North  Sixth  street. 

Commercial  National  of  Pennsylvania,  314  Chestnut  street. 

Commonwealth  National,  400  Chestnut  street. 

Consolidation  National,  331  North  Third  street. 

Corn  Exchange  National,  Second  and  Chestnut  streets. 

Eighth  National,  Second  and  Girard  avenue. 

Farmers’  and  Mechanics’  National,  427  Chestnut  street. 

FIBST  NATIONAL,  315  Chestnut  street. 

First  National,  Camden,  N.  J.,  203  Chestnut  street. 

Girard  National,  Third  below  Chestnut  street. 

Kensington  National,  969  Beach  street. 

Keystone  National  Bank,  1326  Chestnut  street. 

Merchants’  Exchange  Bank,*  Third  and  Dock  streets. 

Manayunk  Bank,*  4371  Main  street. 

Manufacturers’  National,  27  North  Third  street. 

Mechanics’  National,  22  South  Third  street. 

National  Bank  of  Northern  Liberties,  Third  and  Vine  streets.  ’ 

National  Bank  of  the  Republic,  320  Chestnut  street. 

National  Bank  of  Commerce,  209  Chestnut  street. 

National  of  Germantown,  4800  Germantown  avenue. 

National  Security,  701  Girard  avenue. 

National  State,  Camden,  N.  J.,  212  Church  street. 

Penn  National,  Sixth  and  Vine  streets. 

Peoples’  Bank,*  435  Chestnut  street. 

Philadelphia  National,  421  Chestnut  street. 

Second  National,  4434  Frankford  avenue. 

Seventh  National,  Fourth  and  Market  streets. 

Shackamaxon  Bank,*  1737  Frankford  avenue. 

Sixth  National,  Second  and  Pine  streets. 

Southwark  National,  610  South  Second  street. 

Spring  Garden,*  Ridge  avenue  and  Spring  Garden  street. 

Third  National,  1428  Market  street.  > 

Tradesman’s  National,  111  South  Third  street. 

Twenty-second  Ward  Bank  of  Germantown,*  4850  Germantown  avenue. 
Union  Banking  Company,*  310  Chestnut  street. 

Union  National,  Third  and  Arch  streets. 

United  States  Banking  Company,*  Tenth  and  Chestnut  streets. 

West  Philadelphia,*  3938  Market  street. 

Western  National,  406  Chestnut  street. 


♦state  Banks. 


76 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


HACKNEY  CARKIAGE  FARES. 

The  rates  of  fare,  except  when  otherwise  expressly  agreed  upon  before 
starting,  are  as  follows : One  passenger,  with  trunk,  valise  or  box,  not 
exceeding  100  pounds  in  weight,  distance  not  exceeding  one  mile,  75  cents  5 two 
passengers  $1.25,  and  for  each  additional  trunk  or  valise  10  cents  extra, 
additional  passenger  25  cents.  Distance  over  a mile,  and  not  more  than  two 
miles,  $1.25  ; each  additional  passenger,  25  cents.  If  the  distance  be  more 
than  two  miles,  for  each  additional  mile  or  fractional  part  of  a mile,  50  cents 
in  addition  to  the  $1,25  for  the  first  two  miles  5 for  each  additional  passenger 
50  cents.  ^Yhen  engaged  by  the  hour  for  shopping,  or  going  from  place  to 
place,  and  stopping  as  often  as  may  be  required,  $1.50  per  hour,  for  one  or  two 
passengers,  and  for  each  additional  passenger  25  cents. 

Where  the  hiring  of  a hackney-carriage  or  carriages  is  not  at  the  time  speci- 
fied to  be  by  the  hour,  it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  by  the  mile ; but  in  case  the 
distance  shall  be  more  than  four  miles,  the  rate  to  be  charged  for  each  addi- 
tional mile  shall  be  fifteen  cents  for  each  passenger,  as  herein  provided. 

Whenever  any  hackney-carriage  or  carriages,  not  engaged  by  the  hour,  shall 
be  detained  by  the  passenger  or  passengers,  the  owner  or  owners,  or  driver, 
shall  be  allowed  at  the  rate  of  seventy-five  cents  per  hour,  in  addition  to  the 
rates  hereby  established. 

For  children  between  five  and  fourteen  years  of  age  half  price  only  is  charged, 
and  for  children  under  five  years  of  age  no  charge  is  to  be  made,  if  not  more 
than  one  such  child  to  two  adults. 

Twelve  squares  are  a legal  mile.  In  case  of  dispute  appeal  to  the  Mayor  or 
the  Chief  of  Police,  corner  of  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets 

HOW  TO  REACH  THE  RAILROAD  DEPOTS. 

All  cars  running  east  and  west,  exchange  tickets  (except  the  Union  and  Ridge 
Avenue  lines)  with  those  running  north  and  south,  and  vice  versa,  so  that  for 
nine  cents  you  can  connect  with  the  line  going  direct  to  the  depot. 

PENNSYLVANIA  RAILROAD  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Thirty-second  and  Market  streets,  reached  direct  by  the  Market 
Street  car  going  west ; with  an  exchange  ticket,  it  can  be  reached  from  any  part 
of  the  city  by  taking  a car  going  north  or  south,  (except  the  Union  Line)  con- 
necting with  the  Market  Street  car. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


77 


KENSINGTON  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Front  and  Berks  streets,  reached  direct  by  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Street 
car  going  out  Fifth  street,  and  by  the  white  car  of  the  Second  and  Third  Street 
Line,  going  out  Third  street,  and  by  the  Richmond  branch  of  the  Union  Line, 
going  out  Ninth  street  to  within  one  square  of  it.  All  other  branches  of  the 
Union  Line,  give  passes  for  this  branch  for  one  fare. 

NORTH  PENN  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Berks  and  American  streets ; reached  direct  by  the  Fifth  and 
Sixth  Street  car,  going  out  Fifth  street  5 and  by  the  green  car  of  the  Second 
and  Third  Street  Line,  going  out  Third  street. 

PHILADELPHIA  AND  READING  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Thirteenth  and  Callowhill  streets;  the  Callowhill  Street  Line 
going  east  and  west  runs  past  this  depot,  as  also  does  the  Thirteenth  Street 
car  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Fifteenth  Street  Line. 

PHILADELPHIA,  WILMINGTON  AND  BALTIMORE  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Broad  street  and  Washington  avenue;  reached  direct  by  the 
Thirteenth  Street  car,  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Fifteenth  Street  Line,  and  by  the 
Richmond  branch  of  the  Union  Line,  going  down  Seventh  street  (all  other 
branches  of  the  Union  Line  give  passes  for  this  branch  for  one  fare.) 

GERMANTOWN  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Ninth  and  Green  streets ; reached  by  the  two  lines  running  out 
Eighth  street  to  Green,  and  the  Union  Line,  going  out  Ninth  street  to  Spring 
Garden  street. 

WEST  JERSEY  DEPOT. 

Located  in  Camden,  New  Jersey.  The  Upper  Market  Street  Ferry  boats 
carry  passengers  to  it.  The  Market  Street  and  Union  Lines  run  to  Front  and 
Market  streets.  This  is  the  railroad  that  runs  to  Cape  May. 

CAMDEN  AND  ATLANTIC  DEPOT. 

Foot  of  Vine  street  wharf.  Race  and  Vine  Street  cars  take  you  to  Second  and 
Vine  streets ; as  does  also  the  Second  and  Third  Street  Line.  This  railroad 
runs  to  Atlantic  City. 

WEST  CHESTER  AND  PHILADELPHIA  DEPOT. 

Located  at  Thirty -first  and  Chestnut  streets  ; reached  direct  by  the  Chestnut 
and  Walnut  Street  car  going  out  Walnut  to  Twenty-second  street,  and  thence 
to  Chestnut  street. 


78 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


OFFICIAL  VALUATION  OF  FOREIGN  COINS. 

FOREIGN  MONEYS  OF  ACCOUNT  AND  THEIR  VALUES  IN  UNITED  STATES  MONEY. 


COUNTRY. 


MONETARY  UNIT. 


VALUE  IN 
U.  S.  GOLD. 


Argentine  Republic 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bogota 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

British  Possessions,  N.  A. 

Central  America 

Chili 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Eot* 

France 

Great  Britain 

Greece 

German  Empire 

Hayti 

Japan 

India 

Italy 

Liberia 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Porto  Rico 

Portugal 

Russia 

Sandwich  Islands 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tripoli 

Tunis 

Turkey 

Uruguay 

U.  S.  of  Colombia 


Peso-fuerte 

Florin 

Franc 

Peso 

Dollar 

Milreis  of  1 ,000  reis . . . , 

Dollar 

Dollar 

Peso 

Peso 

Crown 

Dollar 

Pound  of  100  piasters.. 

Franc 

Pound  sterling 

Drachma 

Mark 

Dollar 

Yen 

Rupee  of  16  annas 

Lira 

Dollar 

Dollar 

Florin 

Crown 

Peso 

Dollar 

Peso 

Milreis  of  1,000  reis.... 
Rouble  of  100  copecks. 

Dollar 

Peseta  of  100  centimes. 

Crown 

Franc 

Mahbub  of  20  piasters. 
Piaster  of  16  caroubs.. 

Piaster 

Patacon 

Peso 


$1.00 

.45,3 

.19,3 

.91,2 

.96,5 

.54,5 

1.00 

.91,8 

.91,2 

.92,5 

.26,8 

.91,8 

4.97,4 

.19,3 

4.86,6| 

.19,3 

.23,8 

.95,2 

.99,7 

.43,6 

.19,3 

1.00 

.99,8 

.38,5 

.26,8 

1.00 

.91,8 

.92.5 

1.08;4 

.73,4 

1.00 

.19,3 

.26,8 

.19,3 

.82,9 

.11,8 

.04,3 

.94,9 

.91,8 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


79 


SQUARES  OR  PARKS  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

One  great  and  very  attractive  feature  of  this  famous  city,  is  the  number  and 
extent  of  its  beautiful  public  squares  or  parks,  which  are  elegantly  laid  out 
with  gravelled  walks  and  grass-plots  5 many  of  them  are  adorned  with  handsome 
fountains  and  shaded  by  numerous  trees  of  great  variety,  and  where  on  a 
summer’s  day,  the  citizens  can  repair  to  breathe  the  purer  air  of  a densely 
crowded  city,  and  in  the  afternoons,  the  children  of  all  classes,  both  rich  and 
poor,  may  enjoy  the  privilege  of  romping  and  jumping  without  fear  of  moles- 
tation. 


INDEPENDENCE  SQUARE, 

In  the  rear  of  Independence  Hall,  extends  to  W alnut  street  and  from  Fifth  to  Sixth 
streets.  It  has  just  been  newly  and  beautifully  laid  out.  It  was  in  this  Square  that 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  first  read  by  John  Nixon,  July  8th,  1776. 
It  was  here  that  an  immense  meeting  of  the  citizens  met  in  October,  1773  and 
again  in  December,  and  made  the  first  resistance  to  British  authority  in  re- 
fusing to  receive  the  Ship  Polly,  with  a cargo  of  tea,  and  compelling  the  captain 
when  he  had  reached  Gloucester,  under  the  threat  of— “a  halter  around  your  neck, 
ten  gallons  of  liquid  tar  scattered  on  your  pate,  with  the  feathers  of  a dozen 
wild  geese  laid  over  that,  to  enliven  your  appearance,” — to  turn  his  ship  and 
carry  his  tea  back  to  London. 

WASHINGTON  SQUARE, 

Sixth  to  Seventh  streets  and  Walnut  to  Locust  streets,  and  south-west  from 
Independence  Square.  These  now  beautiful  grounds  have  an  interesting 
history  of  almost  two  centuries.  From  a thick  grove  of  walnut,  elm  and  mul- 
berry trees  it  became  a “ Potters’  Field  5”  where  the  corpse  of  the  stranger  and 
the  poor,  who  were  not  provided,  found  a resting-place.  In  the  Revolution, 
when  General  Putnam  was  commandant  of  the  city,  it  is  said,  that  the  gallows, 
or  trees,  on  an  elevation  at  the  south  end,  were  used  for  Tories.  After  the 
peace  of  1815  it  was  cleared  of  its  trees ; many  of  the  sturdy  trunks 
after  being  felled,  were  blown  apart  with  gunpowder,  amid  the  shouts  of  the 
young  urchins,  and  the  gaze  of  the  pale  convicts  from  the  iron-barred  windows 
of  the  prison  at  Sixth  and  Walnut  streets.  Beneath  a circular  grass  plot, 
about  the  middle  of  the  square,  on  the  22d  of  February,  the  Centennial 
Anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Washington,  was  laid  the  corner-stone  of  an 
intended  monument  to  his  memory,  in  the  presence  of  a most  imposing 
assemblage  of  all  the  literary,  patriotic  and  benevolent  societies — all  the 


80 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


trades,  the  military,  the  Free  Masons,  the  Odd  Fellows,  etc. — to  which  vast 
gathering  of  thousands  an  appropriate  oration  was  delivered  by  the  late  David 
Paul  Brown. 


RITTENHOUSE  SQUARE, 

Walnut  to  Locust  streets.  Eighteenth  to  Nineteenth  streets.  Is  one  of  the 
most  delightful  squares  in  the  city  ; contains  three  very  magnificent  fountains 
at  the  three  main  entrances.  The  square  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by 
splendid  mansions. 


FOUNTAIN,  RITTENHOUSE  SQUARE. 


Facing  the  square  on  the  south-west  corner  of  Nineteenth  and  Walnut  streets, 
is  situated  Holy  Trinity  Church  (Protestant  Episcopal).  The  auditorium  is 
undoubtedly  the  most  beautiful  and  imposing  in  the  country.  The  structure 
—a  very  beautiful  one — is  of  brown  stone,  and  is  valued  at  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION 


81 


WALNUT  STREET,  EAST  OF  NINETEENTH  STREET. 

I 

A few  squares  above  this,  on  the  north-west  corner  of  Twenty-second  and 
Walnut  streets,  is  St.  James’  Church,  for  a long  time  associated  with  Old 
Christ  Church. 


LOGAN  SQUARE, 

from  Race  to  Vine  streets  and  Eighteenth  to  Nineteenth  streets.  Is  a 
beautifully  grassed  and  graded  park,  well  supplied  with  drinking  fountains 
and  stocked  with  deer. 

Fifty  years  ago  this  spot  was  considered  far  out  of  town  5 a remote  and 
dreary-looking  field.  On  the  seventh  of  February,  1823,  William  Gross  was 
executed  here,  for  the  murder  of  Neziah  Stow  ; and  the  numerous  spectators 
found  the  weather  so  extremely  cold,  that  they  seized  upon  the  wooden  fences 

5* 


82 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


and  made  fires  in  various  parts  of  the  field. . It  was  here,  in  1864,  that  the 
great  Sanitary  Fair  was  held — one  of  the  most  magnificent  fairs  ever  on  exhi- 
bition— the  whole  space  being  roofed  over  and  occupied  ; the  trunks  of  the 
trees  forming  pillars  in  the  aisles,  their  branches  waving  over  the  roof. 

FRANKLIN  SQUARE, 

Sixth  to  Franklin  streets  and  Race  to  Vine  streets,  named  in  memory  of  the 
printer,  patriot  and  philosopher,  Benjamin  Franklin — it  is  handsomely  laid 
out  with  walks  and  grass  plots  and  shaded  by  magnificent  trees.  In  the 
centre  is  a beautiful  fountain.  This  ground,  for  a time,  was  once  used  as  a 
burial  place,  and  also  as  the  site  of  a powder  magazine. 

Besides  these  principal  squares,  there  are  a number  of  smaller  ones  in 
different  portions  of  the  city.  Norris  Square,  given  to  the  city  by  Isaac  P. 
Norris,  Esq.,  is  bounded  by  Susquehanna  avenue,  Hancock,  Diamond  and 
Howard  streets  •,  Jefferson  Square,  from  Third  to  Fourth  streets,  and  Federal 
street  to  W ashington  avenue ; Penn  Square,  Twelfth  and  "Wharton  streets  ; on 
Spring  Garden  street,  and  Girard  avenue,  plots  of  ground  formerly  occupied 
by  open  market-houses,  or  intended  market-houses,  have  been  laid  out  as 
gardens;  and  last,  but  not  least,  and  far  ahead  of  all  other  parks  in  this  or 
any  other  country,  is  Fairmount  Park,  to  which  we  will  have  to  devote 
several  pages. 


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PHILADELPHIA. 


R.  Magee  & Son,  Prs.,  808  Chestnut  St.,  Pliila, 


ISBRARY 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


83 


VIEW  IN  FAIRMOUNT  PARK,  NEAR  THE  WATERWORKS, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


85 


FAIRMOUNT  PARK 

Who  can  describe  ? What  pen  portray,  or  mind  conceive  of  the  diversified 
and  natural  beauties  of  this  wondrous  landscape?  Well  may  the  beholder 
stand  with  uncovered  head,  while  gazing  upon  the  handiwork  of  the  Creator, 
where  every  spot  seems  hallowed  with  historic  associations  dating  back  for 
nearly  two  hundred  years.  The  scene  thus  extolled  might  well  be  called  the 
Eden  of  America  5”  embracing  as  it  does,  nearly  three  thousand  acres  of  ground 
— forming  hills  and  dales,  leafy  woodlands,  rippling  brooks  and  placid  river, 
rocky  ravines  and  wilder  nooks  and  crannies,  extensive  drives  and  sequestered 
valleys,  numerous  cascades  and  sloping  terraces.  Though  not  so  artistically 
adorned  as  other  and  older  parks,  nature  has  lavished  her  gifts  so  abundantly, 
that  scarcely  an  additional  attraction  seems  to  be  needed.  This  Park,  so  in- 
separably connected  with  our  Centennial  enterprise,  is  three  times  as  large  as 
the  Central  Park  of  New  York,  and  is  divided  by  the  Schuylkill  river  into  two 
sections — East  and  West  Parks. 


WATERWORKS  AND  DAM. 


86 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


What  was  originally  known  as  Fairmount,  is  that  portion  approached  by 
the  Callowhill  street  entrance,  and  the  site  which  William  Penn  had  chosen 
to  build  his  manor,  and  certainly  no  spot  could  be  so  attractive  for  a residence 
as  the  graceful  little  mountain,  which  first  met  the  pioneer’s  eye  in  ascending 
the  beautiful  Schuylkill.  It  was  here  that  the  Waterworks  were  put  in  opera- 
tion in  1822,  and  which  are  well  worthy  of  our  close  inspection.  The  mighty 
engines  are  worked  by  water-power,  and  also  by  steam,  pumping  into  the 
reservoir  on  the  top  of  the  adjoining  hill  thirty-five  million  gallons  of  water 
per  day. 

Here  we  find  fountains,  the  prospect-houses,  wheel-houses  and  race ; here, 
also,  will  be  found  its  basins  and  terraces  5 its  serpentine  walks,  flowers, 
shrubbery  and  statuary — a picture  truly  enchanting  and  refreshing  to  the 
visitor  hastening  from  the  noise  and  tumult  of  a heated  city.  We  doubt  if 
there  is  another  spot  upon  the  globe  where  the  wild  and  rude,  the  picturesque 
and  the  sublime,  are  so  remarkably  blended.  The  river  and  the  bridge  on  your 
left,  as  you  enter  5 the  graveled  and  grassy  walks  and  fountains  in  front  of 
you,  and  vast  gray  rocks  upon  your  right,  towering  a hundred  feet  in  height, 
like  a great  fortress  for  almost  a quarter  of  a mile,  with  the  cool  water  oozing 
through  the  clefts  like  drops  of  pearl  in  summer,  and  in  winter  forming  vast 
diamond  stalactites  of  ice. 

Ascending  the  winding  graveled  walk  to  the  summit,  you  reach  the  four 
grand  basins  or  reservoirs,  with  their  glassy  mirrors  of  cool,  fresh  mountain 
water ; moving  round  to  the  north  side  of  this  altitude,  you  stand  at  the  top  of 
a grand  amphitheatre,  with  the  most  diversified  and  enchanting  view  5 at  the 
foot  of  the  galleries  of  green  velvet  grass,  above  which  you  are  standing,  you 
have  the  Keservoir  Park,  with  its  cascades,  walks  and  plots ; and  turning 
westward,  your  eye  embraces  the  lake-like  ‘‘  Fairmount  dam,”  with  its  broad 
and  bright-falling  sheets  of  foam  •,  its  head-race,  forebay  and  beautiful  terraces ; 
the  fairy-like  little  steamers  that  ply  up  and  down  the  Schuylkill  5 the 
temple-like  pier  at  the  dam  *,  the  boat-houses  of  the  Schuylkill  Navy  and 
their  little  fleets  with  waving  streamers  ; the  grand  Lincoln  Monument,  and 
beyond  this,  the  arboreal  and  floral  commencement  of  Fairmount  Park  proper, 
with  its  broad  and  beautiful  river  drive  on  the  left  of  fourteen  miles  ; its  foun- 
tains ascending,  and  shrubbery-lined  pathways,  embowered  seats  and  historic 
groves. 

The  walks  around  the  basin'  is  so  extensive  as  to  aflPord  many  points  of  obser- 
vation, and  in  descending  the  gravelled  pathway  we  have  a still  greater  variety 
of  views  from  the  terrace  or  observatory,  connected  with  the  adjacent  stand- 
pipe. Near  the  bottom  of  the  stand-pipe,  on  the  precipice  rocks  overhanging 
the  forebay,  is  the  statue  of  Leda,  with  her  swan,  throwing  slender  jets  of  spray ; 
it  it  of  an  American  antique,  and  was  originally  the  ornament  of  the  old  Water 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


87 


CASCADE  FOUNTAIN,  NEAR  FAIRMOUNT  AVENUE  ENTRANCE. 


Works,  on  the  site  of  the  present  Public  Buildings,  at  Broad  and  Market  streets. 
It  was  modeled  to  represent  Miss  Vanuxem,  a reigning  belle  of  Philadelphia. 

At  a short  distance  from  the  Green  street  entrance  to  the  Park,  is  a plain 
white,  rough-cast  building ; this  is  the  Park  Art  Gallery,  and  among  its  treasures, 
is  RothermeTs  “Battle  of  Gettysburg,”  painted  by  order  of  the  Legislature  at 
a cost  of  $30,000. 

Following  the  main  promenade  we  come  to  the  great  monument  of  Abraham 
Lincoln,  situated  with  picturesque  surroundings,  in  the  open  space  between 
the  river  drive  and  the  main  drive  which  skirts  the  promontory  of  Lemon  Hill. 
This  splendid  bronze  statue  was  modeled  by  Rogers,  in  Rome,  and  cast  at  Munich. 
The  cost  was  $33,000,  and  the  ceremonies  of  unveiling  took  place  on  Sep- 
tember 22nd,  1870,  the  anniversary  of  the  Proclamation  of  Emancipation. 


LINCOLN  S MONUMENT. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


89 


The  statue  is  colossal  in  size,  being  9 feet  6 inches  in  height,  repre- 
senting the  martyred  President  in  a sitting  posture,  having  in  his  right  hand 
a quill  pen,  and  in  his  left  a scroll — the  immortal  proclamation. 


‘ It  is  raised  upon  a granite  pedestal.  The  following  inscriptions  appear  upon 
the  sides:  on  the  south — “ To  Abraham  Lincoln,  from  a grateful  people  on 
the  east — “ Let  us  here  highly  resolve  that  the  government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  and  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  face  of  the  earth on  the 
north — “ I do  order  and  declare,  that  all  persons  held  as  slaves,  within  the 
States  in  rebellion,  are  and  henceforth  shall  be  free;”  and  on  the  west 
face — “With  malice  towards  none,  with  charity  towards  all,  with  firmness  in 
the  right  as  God  gives  us  to  see  the  right,  let  us  finish  the  work  we  are  in.” 

Just  beyond  the  Lincoln  Monument,  we  arrive  at  the  foot  of  Lemon  Hill, 
and  strolling  along  the  plateau  to  the  right,  passing  beautiful  flower  beds,  we 
reach  a many-colored  Moorish  structure,  which  surmounts  the  sole  chalybeate 


MINERAL  SPRING,  LEMON  HILL. 


90 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


spring  known  in  the  Park,  and  here  we  may  see,  daily  drinking,  the  few  en- 
thusiasts who  take  the  iron-flavored  water  as  a regimen  •,  further  on  we  see  the 
Gold  Fish  Pond  and  Fountain,  and  ascending  flights  of  stone  steps  on  the  sides  of 
the  terrace,  we  reach  the  mansion  on  the  top  of  the  hill.  This  mansion  is  a 
modiflcation  of  the  edifice  built  by  Henry  Pratt,  about  the  year  1800. 

Prior  to  this,  ‘‘The  Hills,”  as  it  was  then"  called,  was  the  country  seat  of 
Robert  Morris,  the  great  Revolutionary  financier:  his  pretty  lodge,  with  its 
crown  of  chimneys  and  circular  two  story  bay  and  low  piazza,  occupied  the  site 
of  the  present  mansion.  He  resided  here  from  1770  to  1798,  a period  embra- 
cing the  Revolution  and  the  presidency  of  Washington.  He  had  a splendid 
mansion  in  the  city,  but  “The  Hills”  was  his  home;  winter  and  summer  his 
hours  of  rest  and  enjoyment  were  passed  here.  Many  of  the  enormous  trees 
on  the  lawn  are  of  the  Revolutionary  time. 

In  his  mansion  Morris  entertained  many  Revolutionary  celebrities ; Hancock, 
Franklin,  John  Adams,  members  of  the  Continental  Congress,  officers  of  the 
army  and  navy  and  others.  He  may  be  truly  called  the  “Revolution’s  right 
arm,”  or  more  strictly  speaking  “Washington’s right  hand.”  By  someunfor- 
seen  circumstance,  not  only  money  but  ammunition,  clothing,  food  and  proven- 
der seemed  miraculously  poured  into  the  store-house  of  this  worthy  man,  for 
the  help  and  sustenance  of  the  American  army;  and  when  the  French  fleet 
failed  Washington,  and  he  conceived  the  plan  of  giving  the  invasion  its  finish- 
ing stroke  in  Virginia,  he  furnished  to  the  money-king  an  estimate  of  the 
amount  required,  for  which  Morris  pledged  his  own  note  to  the  amount  of  one 
million  four  hundred  thousand  dollars,  sufficing  for  the  transport  of  the  army 
into  Virginia;  where  the  British  troops  were  captured  at  Yorktown. 

Some  years  later  he  formed  an  enterprise,  with  two  partners — which  failed 
through  his  connection  with  one  of  the  projectors,  and  caused  his  ruin.  Being 
an  advocate  of  “imprisonment  for  debt,”  he  was  thrown  into  prison,  but  on  ac- 
count of  his  public  position  and  his  incalculable  aidin  his  country’s  great  struggle, 
he  was  ofiercd  his  liberty;  but  he  firmly  refused  on  the  ground  that  “ a law- 
maker should  not  be  a law-breaker,”  and  therefore  sufiered  the  penalty  of  the 
law;  but  in  the  year  1802  he  was  released  on  the  passage  of  the  Bankrupt  Law, 
after  having  been  four  years  in  confinement.  He  soon  after  died  in  an  humble 
abode  on  Twelfth  street  above  Chestnut.  His  beautiful  mansion  is  gone; 
what  we  see  at  present  is  the  building  substituted  for  it,  by  Henry  Pratt,  and 
now  used  for  an  ordinary  restaurant. 

The  broad  plateau  on  every  fine  day  in  summer,  is  thronged  with  pleasure- 
seekers,  who  come  out  from  the  hot  and  dusty  city  to  enjoy  the  beautiful  scenery, 
bracing  air  and  delicious  music,  which  is  discoursed  from  a pavilion  built  for 
that  purpose,  two  afternoons  of  each  week  during  the  summer. 


GOLD  FISH  POND,  FOUNTAIN  AND  TERRACE,  LEMON  HILL. 


92 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


GENERAL  GRANT’ S CABIN. 

Just  beyond  this  plateau,  is  the  third  of  these  hills  formerly  known  as  Sedgeley 
Park  5 here  will  be  found  ‘‘Grant’s  Cottage,”  a small  frame  house  used  by 
General  Grant  as  his  head-quarters  at  City  Point,  during  the  late  war,  after 
which  it  was  brought  here.  The  top  of  the  hill  has  been  chosen  as  the  site  of 
the  Humboldt  Monument.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  September  10th,  1869  ; 
but  further  progress  has  been  delayed  by  various  obstacles.  The  approach  of 
the  Centennial  has  aroused  renewed  interest  on  the  part  of  the  public,  and 
an  organization  has  been  formed  for  the  purpose  of  devising  ways  and  means 
to  pursue  the  work.  The  contract  is  for  a statue  of  bronze,  nine  feet  high,  to 
cost  $13,000  gold.  Here,  too,  was  an  earthwork — yet  traceable — constructed 
during  the  late  war,  as  part  of  the  defences  of  Philadelphia.  From  this  hill 
there  is  an  excellent  view  of  the  magnificent  Girard  Avenue  Bridge — 
a substantial  iron  structure,  which  connects  the  East  and  "West  Parks.  It 
was  opened  for  travel,  July  4th,  1874 ; it  has  a length  of  1,000  feet,  and  a width  of 
100  feet;  making  it  the  widest  bridge  in  the  world  ; it  is  52  feet  above  mean 
water-mark  ; consists  of  five  spans,  constructed  of  Pratt  trusses.  The  bridge 
is  highly  ornamental ; the  roadway  of  granite  blocks,  and  is  67^  feet  wide,  the 
side-walks,  each  16^  feet  wide,  are  paved  with  slate.  The  balustrade  and  cornice 


THE  GIRARD!,!  AVENUE  BRIDGE. 


94 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


are  ornamented  with  bronze  panels  representing  foliage  and  birds ; cost, 
$1,404  445.  Under  this  bridge  passes  the  river-road  leading  to  East  Park. 
A little  above,  ithe  Connecting  Railroad-bridge,  which  unites  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  with  the  Camden  and  Amboy,  raises  its  graceful  and  massive  arches, 
and  through  the  rocky  bluff  which  forms  its  eastern  abutment,  a tunnel  has 
been  cut,  as  the  only  means  of  opening  a carriage-road  to  the  East  Park. 
The  tunnel  is  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  forty-one  feet  wide,  and  twenty- 
two  feet  nine  inches  high ; and  is  through  solid  rock.  It  was  begun  Octo- 
ber, 1870,  and  was  open  for  travel  in  the  summer  of  1871,  developing 
some  of  the  loveliest  scenery  in  all  the  Park. 

A number  of  beautiful  old  country  seats  were  absorbed  in  this  portion  of  the 
grounds  5 but  of  the  East  Park  we  shall  speak  hereafter,  for  the  present, 
we  will  cross  Girard  Avenue  Bridge  to  the  W est  Park. 

Below  the  bridge,  on  the  west  side,  is  a tract  of  thirty-three  acres,  called 
“Solitude,”  and  in  it  stands  an  ancient  house,  which  is  rendered  historical  as 
the  abode  of  John  Penn  (grandson  of  William  Penn,)  while  he  was  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania.  It  was  owned  by  his  descendants  until  its  purchase  by  the 
Park  Commissioners,  and  has  been  leased  by  them  to  the  Zoological  Society  of 
Philadelphia. 

Beginning  at  “ Solitude  ” and  extending  to  Sweet  Brier  Mansion,  is  a tract 
formerly  called  “ Egglesfield here,  in  former  days  (in  the  year  1732,)  an 
association  of  fishermen,  styling  themselves  “ The  Colony  in  Schuylkill,” 
erected  a club-house  and  remained  in  possession  of  it  ninety  years.  When 
these  fishermen  sat  down  to  fish  one  hundred  and  forty-years  ago,  it  was  one 
unbroken  wilderness  from  there  to  old  Independence  Hall.  Its  site  is  marked 
by  the  remains  of  a group  of  trees  which  shadowed  it,  and  by  a spring,  whose 
waters  these  fishermen  drank,  and  which  flows  up  as  cold  and  limpid  to-day,  as 
it  did  then,  nearly  a century  and  a half  ago. 

A short  distance  above  the  bridge  is  the  Children’s  Play-ground,  near 
“ Sweet  Brier  Mansion,”  and  passing  this,  the  road  enters  Landsdowne  con- 
course. This  point  is  very  attractive  ; on  one  side  is  the  Landsdowne  valley, 
and  on  the  other,  a broad,  open  ground,  bordered  by  Belmont  valley,  com- 
manding a beautiful  view  of  the  Schuylkill  and  the  opposite  shore.  A group 
of  pines — the  survivors  of  twelve — stands  a little  further  on.  Here,  formerly, 
stood  a stately  mansion,  built  by  John  Penn,  and  who  lived  in  it  during  the 
revolutionary  war,  a struggle  in  which  his  sympathies  were  not  with  the 
party  that  was  finally  successful,  and  his  vast  estate  was  sequestered  in  con- 
sequence*, but  his  wise  and  just  administration  of  the  government  for  so  long 
a period,  and  the  purity  of  his  private  character  commanded  the  respect  of 
all  parties.  After  tlie  close  of  the  revolutionary  war  he  was  visited,  in  this 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


95 


BELMONT  VALLEV. 


mansion,  by  President  Washington.  He  died  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  his  remains  were  taken  to  England  for  interment. 

Its  last  owner,  prior  to  its  purchase  by  the  city,  was  the  late  Lord  Ash- 
burton. It  was  accidentally  destroyed,  by  boys,  with  fireworks,  celebrating 
the  Fourth  of  July,  1854.  This  noble  estate  of  Landsdowne,  extended  from 
Sweet  Brier  to  Belmont  and  George’s  Hill,  and  contained  two  hundred  acres. 

Leaving  the  concourse,  the  road  skirts  the  base  of  Belmont  reservoir, 
ascends  a rather  steep  grade  and  comes  out  on  the  summit  of 

George’s  hill. 

This  beautiful  tract  of  ground,  containing  83  acres,  was  presented  to  the  city 
of  Philadelphia  by  Jesse  George,  an  aged  and  respected  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  who  with  his  sister  were  then  its  joint  owners,  and  whose  ancestors 
had  held  it  for  generations.  This  munificent  gift  will  always  bear  its  present 
appellation  as  a standing  memorial  of  their  generosity. 


96 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


^1, 


PAVILION,  George’s  hill. 


This  plateau  is  the  highest  natural  elevation  in  the  city,  being  210  feet  above 
high-tide — with  the  whole  view  of  the  Centennial  grounds  directly  before  you, 
and  our  beautiful  city  beyond.  Here  nature  seems  to  have  been  most  prodigal 
of  her  gifts  ; thousands  of  visitors  attesting  daily  by  their  presence,  the  grand 
attractions  of  the  spot.  Day  after  day  may  be  seen  thousands  of  visitors, 
equestrians  and  pedestrians,  old  and  young,  the  rich  and  poor,  drawn  thither 
to  enjoy  the  refreshing  odor  from  its  pastures  of  variegated  flowers,  which 
remain  in  perpetuaLbloom,  to  delight  the  eyes  with  the  marvellous  beauty  of 
the  landscape,  to  inhale  the  purer  atmosphere  amid  its  leafy  bowers,  rest  their 
wearied  liiulis  under  the  shadow  of  its  tasteful  pavilion,  or  imbibe  the  cool  and 
delightfully  refreshing  waters  of  the  cold  spring  flowing  perpetually  from 
beneath  the  music  stand.  Few  carriages  make  the  tour  of  the  Park  without 
taking  this  Hill  in  tludr  way  and  resting  their  horses  on  its  summit,  to  let  the 
inmates  feast  their  eyes  on  the  rare  combination  of  landscape  beauties  lying 
before  them. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


97 


Adjoining  George’s  Hill  is  the  Belmont  reservoir,  supplied  from  the  works 
on  the  river  below.  Its  capacity  is  36,000,000  gallons.  The  water-level,  when 
full,  is  two  hundred  and  twelve  feet  above  the  city  datum.  The  novel  arrange- 
ment of  the  reservoir,  so  different  from  that  at  Fairmount,  attracts  much  atten- 
tion, and  is  well  worthy  a visit.  From  the  summit  a fine  view  of  the  surrounding 
Park  grounds  and  the  city  is  obtained.  The  pumping  capacity  is  10,000,000 
gallons  daily. 

From  George’s  Hill,  the  main  carriage  road  leaves  the  reservoir  on  the  right, 
and  passes  over  a high  plateau  to  Belmont. 


BELMONT  MANSION, 

now  degenerated  into  a restaurant,  is  quite  an  ancient  building,  having  been 
erected  as  early  as  1745.  It  was  the  home  of  Richard  Peters — the  poet,  the 
patriot  and  jurist — during  his  life.  Here  were  often  congregated  distinguished 
guests — statesmen,  heroes,  poets  and  men  of  science.  General  Washington  and 
Franklin  were  frequent  visitors,  as  well  as  Robert  Morris,  Jefferson  and  La  Fay- 
ette 5 a white  walnut  tree  which  the  latter  planted  in  1824,  is  still  standing.  Tal- 
leyrand and  Louis  Phillipe  were  both  hospitably  entertained  at  this  mansion. 

6* 


98 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


The  view  from  the  hall-door  is  worth  a journey  across  the  continent,  being  one 
uninterrupted  and  slowly-descending  vista  to  the  river  and  here,  may  be 
seen,  day  after  day,  thousands  of  visitors  drawn  thither  to  feast  their  never- 
wearying  gaze  on  the  lovely  prospect  before  them.  One  of  the  most  beautiful 
walks  in  the  Park  extends  from  this  point  through  the  Belmont  Glen  to  the 
banks  of  the  Schuylkill  5 and  near  this,  on  the  river  bank,  stands  an  old  one 
story  and  a half  cottage,  elevated  above  the  river-level  and  the  road,  amid  de- 
caying trees,  fences  and  foliage,  and  which  is  known  as 

THE  COTTAGE  OF  TOM  MOORE,  THE  POET. 

He  had  his  summer  residence  there  during  his  visit,  in  1804,  to  Philadelphia; 
and,  who,  notwithstanding  his  “ heart  ached  for  home,”  has  woven  the  Schuyl- 
kill and  some  of  its  beauties  into  his  verses : 

“ By  the  shade  of  yon  shumach ; whose  red-berry  dips 
At  the  gush  of  the  fountain,  how  sweet  to  recline.” 

And — 

“ Alone  by  the  Schuylkill,  a wanderer  roved.” 


RUSTIC  BRIDGE. 


Leaving  Belmont,  the  carriage-road  passes  over  grounds  which  embraces 
some  of  the  most  beautiful  scenery  in  the  Park ; at  first  a thick  wood,  which 
borders  on  Belmont  Glen,  shuts  out  the  view  to  the  eastward ; passing  this, 
the  open  country  at  once  bursts  on  the  sight,  broad  and  grand,  and  through 
this  noble  landscape  you  reach 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


'99: 


MOUNT  PROSPECT. 

This,  unlike  most  other  portions  of  the  Park,  has  no  historic  associations  ; but 
it  requires  none  ; it  asserts  the  authority  of  its  position  by  the  magnificent 
panorama  spread  out  before  you ; taking  in  the  Schuylkill,  under  its  mountain- 
like side  ; the  far  Delaware,  mile  after  mile,  on  its  long  journey  to  the  ocean ; 
deep  glens,  dark  woodlands,  rocky  ranges,  villages,  farm  lands,  the  spires  and 
domes  of  the  great  city,  all  the  broad  acres  of  the  Park,  and  away  in  the 
dim  distance,  the  pine  forests  hang  a dark  fringe  along  the  horizon. 

From  Mount  Prospect  the  road  passes  through  a rather  uninteresting  sec- 
tion to  Chamouni,  the  northern  limits  of  the  W est  Park  ; the  park  road  here 
intersects  the  Falls  road,  and  this  takes  us  to  the  Falls  Bridge,  by  which  we 
cross  the  Schuylkill  to  the  East  Park,  and  can  continue  up  the  river  road  to  its 
junction  with  the  Wissahickon  5 but  while  in  the  East  Park  we  will  take  a 
glimpse  of  its  beauties,  leaving  the  Wissahickon  to  be  described  hereafter. 

THE  EAST  PARK 

was  opened  up  to  the  public  in  the  summer  of  1871,  by  the  finishing  of  the 
tunnel  through  the  solid  rocky  bluff  just  above  Girard  Avenue  Bridge  5 giving 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  longest  driving  roads  of  any  park  in  the  world. 
Starting  at  the  Green  street  entrance,  and  continuing  on  the  main  drive  to  the 
Lincoln  Monument,  turning  to  the  left  for  the  river  road,  passing  the  many 
splendid  boat  houses  of  the  Schuylkill  Navy,  the  beautiful  river  on  your  left, 
and  the  bluffs  of  “The  Hills”  on  your  right,  under  the  bridge,  through  the 
tunnel,  and  you  are  in  the  newest  and  grandest  portion  of  Fairmount — known 
as  East  Park.  It  embraces  a series  of  estates — among  others.  Fountain  Green, 
Mount  Pleasant,  Rockland,  Ormiston,  Woodford  and  Strawberry  Mansion  j 
they  lie  in  successive  tracts  along  the  river,  terminating  at  Laurel  Hill. 

East  Park  has  the  advantage  over  the  West  Park  in  its  splendid  and  com- 
manding views  of  the  river  and  a more  absolutely  natural  condition  5 the 
thickets  remaining,  and  a greater  wealth  of  flowers  in  the  woods  and  valleys. 
Among  the  many  attractions,  are  the  splendid  trees  on  the  Rockland  estate  ; the 
grand  ravine,  and  a splendid  view  of  the  river,  which  once  seen,  will  not  soon 
be  forgotten  by  any  true  lover  of  nature. 

Mount  Pleasant,  is  the  most  noted  mansion  in  the  East  Park,  and  was 
built  by  John  Macpherson,  1761,  and  occupied  by  him  until  1779.  His  son, 
William,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1756,  and  at  thirteen  years  of  age  was  a 
cadet  in  the  army  of  His  Majesty,  George  III.  Early  in  the  Revolution  he 
tendered  his  commission,  declaring  he  would  never  serve  against  his  country- 
men ; it  was  accepted,  and  he  joined  the  Continental  troops ; was  made  a 
major-brevet,  and  stood  high  in  the  confidence  of  Washington.  He  is  famous 
as  the  organizer  and  commander  of  “ Macpherson’s  Blues  ” in  the  insurrection 
of  1794. 


100 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Benedict  Arnold  was  the  next  possessor  of  Mount  Pleasant,  who  from  his 
pride  and  extravagance,  both  here  and  in  the  city,  was  reduced  to  treason  of 
the  vilest  kind. 

But  the  mansion  has  its  bright  as  well  as  its  gloomy  memories ; for  if  Bene- 
dict Arnold  once  darkened  its  walls,  they  were  afterwards  brightened  by  the 
majestic  form  of  General  Von  Steuben,  known  with  us  as  the  Baron  Steuben. 

Leaving  Mount  Pleasant,  passing  Cold  Spring,  and  with  glimpses  of  the 
iSchuylkill — in  the  transparent  clearness  of  which  the  sky  is  reflected  as  in  a 
mirror — the  arched  bridges,  the  picturesque  grouping  of  the  trees,  the  undu- 
lating sweep  of  the  ground,  and  the  spirit  of  tranquility  which  broods  over 
the  woods  and  waters,  and  imparts  its  sweetness  around,  we  arrive  at 


ROCKLAND. 

Here  we  have  nature  in  her  sterner  mood,  just  as  she  came  from  the  Crea- 
tor’s hand,  in  all  her  original  magnificence.  The  huge  rocks  and  boulders 
which  serve  to  heighten  the  wildness  of  its  beauty,  stand  to-day,  as  they  did 
when  hurled  by  some  great  convulsion  of  nature,  piled  high  towards  the  sky, 
into  their  rural  resting  place.  Let  us  climb  to  the  highest  summit  and  feast 
our  eyes  on  the  glorious  river  before  us.  Here  are  the  small  steamers  and 


MOUNT  PLEASANT  MANSION. 


FAIRMOUNT,  AT  ROCKLAND. 

yachts,  carrying  their  heavy  freight  of  humanity,  landing  their  passengers  on 
the  pier  below.  Up  they  swarm  like  bees  in  a hive,  to  enjoy  a merry  day  at 
Rockland;  for  this  is  a spot  set  apart  for  the  poor  people’s  excursions,  given 
at  the  expense  of  the  charitable  and  wealthy  citizens  of  our  city. 

’U  e now  stroll  from  Rockland  along  the  river,  passing  Peter’s  Island  and 
Ormiston.  The  river  bank  has  changed  its  character;  instead  of  being  a 
precipitous  height,  as  we  saw  it  at  Rockland,  it  rolls  away  in  gentle  slopes. 

We  have  left  huge  trees  behind  us,  but  they  are  dwarfed  to  those  we  are 
now  approaching— poplars,  oaks,  pines,  chestnuts,  to  whose  trunks  and 
branches  great  vines  are  clinging,  as  if  to  tether  them  to  the  earth.  We 
pass  many  shady  nooks,  wherein  we  see  pedestrians  resting  themselves, 
and  partaking  of  their  luncheon,  with  which  they  had  happily  provided 


102 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


themselves,  and  reach  the  grand  ravine  which  runs  between  Ormiston  and 
Edgeley,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  feature  in  the  Park.  Fairmount, 
we  may  mention  here,  is  rich  in  ravines,  among  which  should  be  mentioned 
those  at  Belmont,  Sweet  Brier  and  Landsdowne.  W e may  now  emerge  from 
the  ravine  near  the  new  reservoir,  and  after  taking  a look  at  this  immense  new 
structure,  we  find  ourselves  on  the  green  carpet  of  Edgeley.  Here  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  views  in  the  Park  is  to  be  obtained  5 a better  view  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill than  any  we  yet  have  had ; looking  down  the  river,  we  behold  in  the 
distance,  the  Centennial  Buildings  5 up  the  river,  we  take  in  its  broad  lake- 
like sweep,  and  the  slopes  along  the  western  bank,  stretching  onward  until 
they  are  lost  in  the  summit  of  Mount  Prospect ; and  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river  we  see  the  white  monuments  of  Laurel  Hill — the  city  of  the  dead.  W e 
climb  up  Strawberry  Heights  and  reach  the  mansion — now  a restaurant — we 
stroll  to  the  edge  of  the  bluff,  and  leaning  against  the  rustic  railing,  look  sheer 
down  on  the  drive  below ; carriages  dash  up  and  down,  horsemen  canter,  and 
along  the  grassy  border,  we  see  the  moving  figures  of  men,  women  and  child- 
ren ; the  outlook  is  magnificent  •,  the  eye  takes  in  at  one  sweep  the  Schuylkill, 
the  concourse,  Peter’s  Island,  and  the  banks  on  both  sides,  with  all  their 
wealth  of  forest  and  shrubbery  ; and  while  taking  in  this  enormous  vista  of 
romantic  beauty,  let  us  hearken  to  the  strains  of  delicious  music,  wafted  to  us 
by  the  gentle  breezes,  from  the  band  of  musicians  which  are  stationed  here 
two  or  three  afternoons  of  each  week. 

Leaving  Strawberry  Heights  by  the  main  drive,  for  the  Wissahickon,  we 
reach  en  route  “ The  Falls,”  a name  now  applied  to  a village,  but  in  former 
days,  before  the  Fairmount  dam  was  built,  the  name  of  a natural  cascade. 
A projecting  ledge  of  rock  at  this  point  extended  two-thirds  of  the  distance 
across  the  river,  forming  a dam,  and  in  seasons  of  high  water  it  made  a 
splendid  display. 

The  Falls  is  now  the  great  stopping  place  for  boating  parties,  where  cat-fish 
suppers  and  lighter  refreshments  are  taken. 

A little  above  the  Falls,  young  La  Fayette,  so  successfully  manoeuvred  his 
forces  as  to  out-general  the  British  under  General  Grant,  and  succeeded  in 
executing  a masterly  retreat,  all  he  could  do  under  the  circumstances. 

THE  WISSAHICKON. 

Our  delightful  Park  cannot  merely  boast  of  a picturesque  river — the  Schuyl- 
kill rolling  through  it — but  it  embraces  one  of  the  wildest  and  most  romantic 
streams  at  present  known  to  the  lovers  of  the  grand,  the  wild  and  enchanting 
in  nature — the  Wissahickon  5 taking  its  course  by  a path,  worn  through 
precipitous  forests,  crowned  and  rock-bound  hills,  till  it  originally  joined  the 
Schuylkill,  by  a fall  of  some  twenty  feet.  It  fascinated  the  eye  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  this  locality.  The  Riverside  Mansion  now  stands  near  the  spot 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


103 


where  the  cascade  first  made  its  descent.  Its  hills  have  echoed  the  Indian 
war-whoop,  and  reverberated  with  canonading  of  the  conflicting  armies  of  the 
Revolution  in  1777,  and  with  the  sharp  crack  of  the  riflemen,  “ or  green 
shirts,”  as  Washington  named  them  ; and  subsequently,  the  same  rocks  and 
hills  have  replied  to  the  merry  laugh  of  picnicers,  boating  parties,  or  the 
jingling  and  the  whirl  of  “ the  merry  sleigh,”  and  the  freight  of  happy  hearts, 
whose  cry  at  the  start  was — 

“ Hoa’ ! for  the  Wissahickon  ; 

The  dance  and  the  stewed  chicken.” 

The  quiet  beauties  of  the  stream  are  only  equalled  by  those  of  the  drives  and 
pathways,  the  tributary  and  trickling  brooks,  and  its  sites  of  historical  and 
romantic  interest. 

This  romantic  stream,  still  retains  its  Indian  name,  or  rather  names,  for  it 
had  two,  each  equally  descriptive — Wisamickan,  cat-fish  creek;  Wisauckhickan, 
yellow-colored  stream. 

The  first  place  you  reach,  after  entering  the  Wissahickon  road  at  the 
“Falls,”  is  Wissahickon  Hall,  a place  of  considerable  resort;  refreshments 
and  “cat-fish  and  coffee”  at  all  seasons.  A short  distance  further  on  is  a 
second  restaurant — The  Maple  Spring — an  abode  consecrated  by  the  residence 
of  an  oddity  ; a self-taught  sculptor,  and  a natural  jack-of-all-trades  ; and  who 
has  converted  the  place  into  a kind  of  Prospero’s  grotto.  His  museum  con- 
tains a collection  of  very  grotesque  figures  of  beasts,  birds,  animals  and  ser- 
pents ; these  are  all  the  uncut  roots  of  the  laurel ; in  every  gnarled  root  the 
prolific  fancy  of  the  artist  sees  a goblin  or  a caricature.  Lopping  the  ofishoots 

here  and  there,  mounting  the  speci- 
men, and  brightening  it  up  with 
varnish,  the  senseless  wood  is 
changed  into  a form  of  art.  As  the 
result  of  this  singular  industry,  con- 
tinued over  many  years,  the  saloon 
is  thronged  with  an  infinity  of  the 
strangest  creatures. 

Row-boats  are  for  hire  here,  as 
also  at  the  lower  hall,  and  are  in 
constant  request  for  a row  on  the 
romantic  stream. 

“The  Hermit’s  Well,”  dug  by  the 
hands  of  the  religious  enthusiast  and 
wanderer,  Kelpius — the  founder  of 
a peculiar  sect,  is  outside  the  Park  limits ; it  is  reached  by  crossing  a bridge  above 
Maple  Spring,  and  passing  along  a lane  which  ascends  through  the  woods. 


SCENE  ON  THE  WISSAHICKON. 


104 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Johann  Kelpius  emigrated  from  Germany  to  Pennsylvania  in  1694,  and  with 
him  forty  others ; they  settled  on  the  Kidge,  the  range  of  hills  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Wissahickon,  and  called  themselves  the  Society  of  the  Woman  in  the 
Wilderness.  Kelpius  was  their  leader  and  believed  he  would  not  die  before  he  saw 
the  millennium.  But  he  was  mistaken.  He  died  in  1708.  Three  of  his  fol- 
lowers— the  rest  having  disbanded — were  afterwards  known  as  the  Hermits  of 
the  Kidge,  and  continued  to  live  in  their  caves,  awaiting  the  sign  and  visible  pres- 
ence, until  death  claimed  them. 

A short  distance  above  the  bridge  which  crosses  the  Hermit’s  Lane,  and  also 
on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  stream,  is  a high  bluflF 5 the  rock  which  rises  from 
this  blulF  is  called  the  Lover’s  Leap.  It  overlooks  a wild  gorge  and  stands  two 
hundred  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  stream.  On  the  face  of  the  rock  is  an  illegi- 
ble Latin  inscription,  said  to  have  been  cut  by  Kelpius.  It  is  the  scene  of  one 
of  the  numerous  traditions  which  survive  here. 

Following  the  main  road  a short  distance  further  on  we  reach  a bend  in  the 
stream ; here  it  is  joined  by  a creek,  Paper-Mill  Kun,  which  is  scarcely  less  pictur- 
esque in  places  than  the  AVissahickon.  It  joins  the  latter  by  a series  of  water- 
falls. The  lower  of  these  has  a perpendicular  descent  of  about  twenty  feet. 
Near  it  stands  the  old  house  in  which  David  Rittenhouse  was  born,  and  near 
its  source,  the  first  paper-mill  in  America,  was  erected  by  his  ancestors  in  1690. 

Beyond  these  points,  the  road 
reaches  a bridge — the  Red  Bridge — 
over  which  it  crosses  to  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  stream.  About  a mile 
further,  another  road  leaves  the  Park 
road  and  crossing  the  stream  by  a 
bridge  takes  you  to  the  Monastery. 
When  and  by  whom  it  was  erected 
antiquarians  are  not  agreed.  It  ap- 
pears to  have  been  built  about  1750. 
It  stands  on  high  ground  on  the 
brow  of  a hill,  with  a range  of  hills 
towering  above  it.  A lane  winds 
round  the  bend  of  the  bluff,  and 
climbing  its  steep  side,  forms  in 
front,  a semi-circular  lawn.  The  outlook  here,  and  the  uplook  from  the 
romantic  dell  below,  are  magnificent.  In  the  valley  below  (Willow  Glen) 
there  is  a spot  known  as  the  Baptistery.  Here  the  monks  immersed  their  con- 
verts. A yard,  in  the  rear  of  the  dwelling,  was  used  by  them  for  the  burial  of 
their  deafl. 


THE  WISSAHICKON  AT  ALLAN’s  LANE. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


105 


A mile  further,  on  the  west  bank,  are  the  caves,  which  are  situated  in  a 
lovely  valley  formed  by  the  junction  of  a small  stream  with  the  Wissahickon. 
The  most  remarkable  of  them  was  excavated  by  miners  seeking  for  treasures  5 
the  other  caves  are  natural,  and  were  perhaps  holes  for  bears  and  foxes,  and 
possibly  the  resort  of  Indians.  A short  distance  beyond — three  and  a half 


SCENE  ON  THE  WISSAHICKON. 


arrive  at 


miles  above  its  mouth — the  stream 
is  crossed  by  a beautiful  structure 
called  the  Pipe  Bridge,  nearly  seven 
hundred  feet  long  and  one  hundred 
feet  above  the  creek.  It  is  iron 
throughout,  except  the  bases  of  the 
piers,  which  are  set  in  masonry,  and 
is  a model  of  grace  and  strength.  It 
conveys  the  water  supply  from  the 
Roxborough  to  Mount  Airy  reser- 
voir at  Germantown.  A hundred 
yards  above  this,  a wooden  bridge 
spans  the  river.  Crossing  this  bridge, 
turning  to  the  left  and  following  a 
pathway  a short  distance,  you 


THE  devil’s  pool. 


where  Lime-rock,  or  Cresheim  Creek  comes  sighing  down,  forming  a mirror- 
like basin  reflecting  every  object  near  5 upon  moonlight  nights,  nothing  can 
equal  the  numerous  fairy-like  figures  and  grotesque  outlines  and  shadows  that 
play  in  the  silent  and  fantastic  light — bringing  to  mind  the  lines  of  Douglas, 
in  Rev.  Dr.  Homes’  good  old  play  : 


“How  sweet  and  solemn  is  this  midnight  scene 
The  silver  moon  unclouded  holds  her  way, 

Through  skies,  where  I could  count  each  little  star. 

The  fanning  west  wind  scarcely  stirs  the  leaves  ; 

And  the  river  rushing  on  its  pebble-bed. 

Imposes  silence  with  a stilly  sound  ; 

At  such  a place  as  this,  and  such  an  hour — 

If  ancestry  can  be  in  aught  believed. 

Descending  spirits  have  conversed  with  man. 

And  told  the  secrets  of  the  world  unknown.” 

It  was  the  scene  of  an  engagement  during  the  battle  of  Germantown,  and  its 
waters  once  was  dyed  red  with  blood  ; a portion  of  the  earthworks  used  in  the 
engagement  may  still  be  seen  in  close  proximity. 

We  now  reach 

VALLEY  GREEN. 

Here  the  hills  open  out  into  the  sunlight,  and  a stone  bridge  with  strong  buttresses 


106 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


winds  across  the  stream.  The  bridge  has  only  one  arch,  and  its  reflection  is  so 
perfect  on  fine  days  that  we  see  an  entire  oval  of  masonry  instead  of  a single 
arch.  The  hotel  here  is  a favorite  stopping  place  for  the  famed  Wissahickon 
cat-fish  suppers  5 and  further  up — 

“’Mid  rocks  and  ferns — ” 
and  over  an  ice-cold  spring,  ^ 

“ The  pro-bono  publico  ” 

FOUNTAIN, 

the  generous  gift  of  Mr  Cook  and  Mr.  Magarge,  to  the  Park  Commission- 
ers. Long  may  they  live  to  see  its  waters  flow — and  read  their  motto,  “ Pro- 
bono  publico.”  This  is  the  first  drinking  fountain  erected  in  Philadelphia,  it 
bears  date  of  1854. 

Proceeding  a short  distance  through  a deeper  and  more  mountainous  and 
romantic  course  of  the  stream,  we  reach  a point  of  celebrity,  known  as 

“ INDIAN  ROCK,” 

the  abode  and  hunting-grounds  of  the  last  tribe  of  the  Indian  race  in  this 
region.  Upon  a lofty  and  peculiarly-shaped  rock  is  seen  the  figure  of  their 
<jhief,  Todyascuny,  or  Todawskim,  who  with  the  remains  of  his  people,  left  for 
the  hunting-grounds  of  the  West  above  an  hundred  years  ago*,  but  although 
the  old  chief  became  debased  and  grasping  by  the  use  of  the  “ firewater,”  he 
did  not  like  Cooper’s  Wyandotte  with  the  rifle  in  his  hands,  and  venge  in  his 
eye  fight  for  the  grounds  of  his  fathers.  On  the  site  of  one  of  the  wigwams 
stands  Land’s  favorite  retreat  5 and  continuing  upward,  while  each  view  is 
« “Ever  cbarming,  ever  new,” 

we  emerge  from  a most  romantic  pilgrimage  to  the  open  and  fertile  grounds  of 

CHESTNUT  HILL  ; 

pausing  and  feeling  as  though  we  had  just  awakened  from  a dream  of  en- 
chantment, as  we 

“ Cast  a longing,  lingering  look  behind.” 

The  visitor  can  pass  around  by  a road  from  the  east  to 

GERMANTOWN, 

one  of  our  Pennsylvania’s  earliest  settlement ; famed  for  its  first  paper  mills 
and  early  manufactures,  and  the  site  of  a fierce  and  decisive  battle  in  the  Revo- 
lution. Chew’s  House  on  Main  street,  where  the  principal  fighting  took  place, 
is  still  standing  and  can  be  seen  by  the  visitor.  Germantown  was 
the  summer  abode  of  George  Washington,  while  President.  This  build- 
ing is  still  standing  on  Germantown  avenue,  opposite  Mill  Lane  ; he  frequently 
desired  to  be  driven  around  the  Wissahickon,  to  some  of  his  former  favorite 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


107 


spots  on  the  Schuylkill  5 above  the  first  mansion  the  visitor  meets  was  a shelv- 
ing or  projecting  rock,  upon  which  he  would  place  himself  to  view  the  scenery 
above  and  below. 

Germantown,  like  Chestnut  Hill  and  West  Philadelphia,  is  at  present  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  branches  of  our  great  city,  being  ornamented  with  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  seats  of  some  of  our  wealthiest  citizens,  fine  academies, 
and  an  opera  house. 

HOLMESBURG, 

A most  healthful  and  fertile  suburb  of  our  city,  a few  miles  out.  It  con- 
tains “ Spring  Brook  Mansion,”  the  splendid  property  of  the  late  Edwin 
Forrest — America’s  greatest  actor — and  which  is  by  his  munificent  will,  a 
home  for  decayed  actors  ; where  the  care-worn  sons  and  daughters  of  Thespus 
can 

“ End  their  parts  in  peace.” 

Holmesburg,  likewise,  contains  many  other  prominent  institutions,  among 
which  is  the  new  ‘‘House  of  Correction,”  on  a salubrious  and  large  tract  of 
land  fronting  the  Delaware  river. 

Washington’s  camp  ground,  at  valley  forge,  on  the  Schuylkill. 

No  visitor  should  leave  Philadelphia  without  viewing  the  hallowed  scene  of 
patriotic  fortitude,  privation  and  suffering,  terminating  in — to  use  the  words 
of  Bryant — 

“The  victory  of  endurance  borne.” 

It  was  here,  where  a wealthy  royalist  and  inveterate  tory,  who  had  labored 
hard  to  get  some  of  our  starving  soldiers  hanged  for  attempting  to  forage  5 by 
chance,  while  playing  the  spy,  discovered  in  a retired  spot  General  Washing- 
ton on  his  knees  devoutly  praying,  at  which  impressed  sight  be  became 
a convert,  and  a valuable  friend  to  our  cause.  Valley  Forge  is  about  twenty 
miles  from  Philadelphia. 


DISTANCES  PROM  FAIRMOUNT  WATERWORKS 


To  Girard  Avenue  Bridge 1 mile. 

“ Landsdowne  Entrance 1|-  “ 

“ Landsdowne 2^  miles. 

“ George’s  Hill,  direct “ 

“ “ “ via  Belmont “ 

‘‘  Belmont,  direct “ 

“ “ via  George’s  Hill 4^  “ 

Mount  Prospect,  via  Belmont 4^ 

‘‘  “ “ George’s  Hill 5f 

“ The  Falls,  via  River  Road 4J  “ 

“ “ “ George’s  Hill 6^  “ 

The  Wissahickon,  via  River  Road 5J  “ 

“ “ “ “ George’s  Hill 7^ 

“ “ “ “ East  Bank 4 “ 

From  the  Falls  to  Wissahickon 1 mile. 

To  Maple  Spring  Hotel 1^  “ 

“ The  Pipe  Bridge 4}  miles. 

“ Valley  Green 4|  “ 

‘‘  The  First  Fountain 51  ‘‘ 

“ Indian  Rock 5|-  “ 

“ Thorp’s  Mill  Road... 7 “ 

“ Chestnut  Hill 7^ 


108 


1776 


p«ppl«  to 
cal  band 
Btciedtb 
•oidtoai 


WHEN.  IN 

lh«  course  of  human 
it  baoomes  neceMary  for  OB* 
diaeoWa  the  politi 
0 which 


of  the  • 
and  equ 

the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that 
they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. ~We 

u «ti ..-3  created  equalj  that  they  are  « 


to  wbioh 
e and  of 
tie  them,  a 


hold  these  truths  to  be  self«eTident.  that  all  i 


mongth 
arth  the 
al  statioQ 
of  natur 
Ood  enti 
aspect  to 


PURSUIT  OF  HAPPINESS.— THAT  TO 

are  instituted  iimong  men,  deriving  their  Just  powers  from  the  consent 

OF  THE  GOVEHNED.-THAT  WHENEVER  ANY  FORM  OF  GOVERNMENT  BECOMES 

PROCLAIM  LIBERTY  THROUGHOUT  ALL  THE  LAND  TO  ALL 

DESTRUCTIVE  OF  THESE  ENDS,  IT  IS  THE  RIGHT  OP  THE  PEOPLE  TO  ALTER  OR 

to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  a new  Government,  laying  its  foundation  on 

such  principles,  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their 
SAFETY  AND  HAPPINESS.-PRUDENCE,  INDEED,  WILL  DICTATE  THAT  GOVERN 
ments  long  established,  should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient 
CAUSES;  AND,  ACCORDINGLY,  ALL  EXPERIENCE  HATH  SHOWN,  THAT  MANKIND  ARE 

BY  ORDER  OF  THE  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  PENNS 

MORE  DISPOSED  TO  SUFFER.  WHILE  EVILS  ARE  SUFFERABLE.  THAN  TO  RIGHT  THEM 

selves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But,  when  a 

long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  infariablj  the  same  object,  erinces  a design  to  reduce 
them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  OoTcrnment,  and 
to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  colonies 
and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  con  D U I I A HA  them  to  alter  their  former  systems 

of  Government.  The  history  of  the  pre  r n I brv  U ggjjt  king  of  Great  Britain  is  a history  of 
repeated  injuries  and  usarpatlons,  all  hav  |*|  ing,  in  direct  object,  the  establishment  of  an 

absolute  tyranny  over  these  States.  To  pro  nrl  UO  V L.1 1 1 fe  this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a candid 

world,— He  has  refused  bit  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the  public  good.— He  has 
forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless  su^Mnded  in  their 
operation  till  his  assent  should  be  obtained;  and,  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  negW'ted  to  attend 
to  them.— He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those 
people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  Representation  in  the  Legislature;  a right  inestimable  to  them,  and  for 
midable  to  tyrants  only.  —He  has  cal  1^  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable,  and  die 
iantfrom  the  depository  of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his 
measures.— He  has  dissolved  Repreien  tative  Houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing,  with  manly  firmness,  his  invasions 
on  the  rights  ofthepeople.— He  hasrefu  sed  for  a long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be  6lecte4 

whereby  the  legislative  p>owers.  incapa  ble  of  annihilation,  have  returned  to  the  people  at  large  for  their  ex 

ercise;  the  state  remaining  in  the  mean  time  exposed  to  all  the  danger  of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions 
within. — Ha  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States;  for  that  purpose,  obstructing  the  laws  for 
BaiuralizatioD  of  foreigners;  refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions 
of  now  appropriat'ons  of  lands. — Ho  has  o bstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  refusing  his  assent  to  laws  for  esta 
bl'iahing  judiciary  powers.— He  hat  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their  ofl^ces,  and  the 
amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. —He  has  erected  a multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of  officers 
to  harass  our  people,  and  oat  out  their  sub  stance. — He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies,  without 
the  consent  of  our  Legislature. — He  has  affb  cted  to  render  the  military  independent  of,  and  superior  to.  the  civil  power 
He  bM  combined,  with  others,  to  subject  us  to  a jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  Constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws 
giving  hit  assent  to  their  Acts  of  pretended  Leg  isiation.— Forquarteringlargebodiesof  armedtroops  among  us.— For  protect 
log  them,  by  a mock  trial,  from  punishment  for  any  murders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  these  States 
For  cutting  oflT  our  trad#  with  all  parU  of  the  world.  For  imposing  taxes  onus  without  our  consent,— For  depriving  us,  in  many 
cases. of  the  benefits  of  trial  by  jury,— For  transport  ing  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  ofiTences.— For  aboliehing  the  free 
system  of  English  Laws  in  a neighboring  Province  establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  Government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries.so 
as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  Colonies. — For  taking  away 
our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  laws,  and  altering,  fundamentally,  the  powers  of  our  Governments. — For  suspending  our 
own  Legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  invested  with  power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever.— He  has  abdicated  Govern 
ment  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  protection,  and  wag  ing  war  against  us.  — Be  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our 
towns,  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people.— He,  ie  at  this  time, transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercenaries  to  complete  the  works  of 
death,  and  tyranny,  already  begun  vrith  circums  tances  of  cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and 

- ...  .L  - » . « « . ...  r fellow-citizens  taken  captive  on  the  high 

fall  themselves  by  their  hands. — He  ha 


tingu^hed  detraction  of  all  age.  sexe,  and  conditions.— In  every  stage  of  these oppresioi 

petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  repeated  injury.— A prince  whose  character  , — ^ . 

to  O0  the  ruler  of  a free  people. — Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  atten  tion  to  our  British  brethren. — We  have  warned  them, from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  made 
by  their  legislature  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  ' ...  . a - * 

ne  have  appealt*d  to  their  native  justice  and  magna 

dred,  to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our 
sugoiDit^— We  must,  therefore,  acquieece  in  the  necessity  which  deooun 
Representatives  of  the  United  Sutee  of  Ameri 
OP  OUR  INTENTIONS.  DO,  IN  THE  NAME,  AND  BY  THE  A 


declare,  that  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right 

I British  Crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  th 

loaependent  Sutes.tbey  have  full  power  to  levy  war,  conclude  peace,  contract 


We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here 

nimitY,  and  we  have  conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kin 

connections  and  correspondence. — They,  too.  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  and  con 
ces  onr  eeparation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  enemies  in  war,  in  peai^ 
General  ConereM  assembled,  appealing^to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  World  for  the  re^ 
EOPLE  OF  THESE  COLONIES,  SOLEMNLY  PUBLISH 


UTHORITY  OF  THE  GOOD  PEOP , . 

ought  to  be.  Free  and  Independent  States;  that  they  are  absolved  from 

em  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain. is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved;  and  that,  as  Free  and 
alliances,  eetablisb  comBsarc**  to  do  all  ct^r  Acts  and  things  which  ladepsndeni  otates 
may  of  rig 
htdo.  And 
for  the  sup 
Mrtofthis  be 
claration,  with 
a firm  reliance 
on  the  protection 
ofDivine  Providene 
s,  we  mutually  pie 


1876 


ommtsaion, 


PRESIDENT. 

JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  Connecticut. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

ORESTES  CLEVELAND,  THOMAS  H.  COLDWELL, 

JOHN  D.  CREIGH,  JOHN  McNEIL, 

ROBERT  LOWRY,  WILLIAM  GURNEY. 

DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 

ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Ohio. 

SECRETARY.  ASSISTANT  SECRETARIES. 

JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Indiana.  MYER  ASCH,  DORSEY  GARDNER. 

COUNSELLOR  AND  SOLICITOR. 

JOHN  L.  SHOEMAKER,  Esq.,  Philadelphia. 


Executive  Pommittee. 


DANIEL  J.  MORRELL,  Chairman,  Penna , 
ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Ohio, 

N.  M.  BECKWITH,  New  York, 
ALEXANDER  R.  BOTELER,  W.  Virginia, 
RICHARD  C.  MCCORMICK,  Arizona, 

JOHN  LYNCH,  Louisiana, 

CHARLES  P.  KIxMBALL,  Maine, 


SAMUEL  F.  PHILLIPS,  North  Carolina, 
GEORGE  B.  LORING,  Massachusetts, 
FREDERICK  L.  MATTHEWS,  Illinois, 
WM.  PHIPPS  BLAKE,  Connecticut, 

J.  T.  BERNARD,  Florida, 

JAMES  E.  DEXTER,  Dist.  of  Columbia. 

J.  R.  HAWLEY,  Pres.,  ex  officio. 


PHIEFS  OP  pUREAUS. 

FOREIGN director-general. 

Direction  of  the  foreign  representation,  MYER  ASCH. 

INSTALLATION 

Classification  of  applications  for  space — allotment  of  space  in  Main  Building — 
supervision  of  special  structures,  HENRY  PETTIT. 

TRANSPORTATION 

Foreign  transportation  for  goods  and  visitors— transportation  for  goods  and 
visitors  in  the  United  States— local  transportation— warehousing  and  customs 
regulations,  DOLPHUS  TORREY. 

MACHINERY:— 

Superintendence  of  the  Machinery  Departments  and  building,  including  allot- 
ment of  space  to  Exhibitors,  JOHN  S.  ALBERT. 

AGRICULTURE:— 

Superintendence  of  the  Agricultural  Department,  building,  and  grounds, 
including  allotment  of  space  to  Exhibitors,  BURNET  LANDRETH. 

HORTICULTURE:— 

Superintendence  of  Horticultural  Department,  Conservatory  and  grounds, 
including  allotment  of  space  to  Exhibitors,  CHARLES  H.  MILLER. 

FINE  ARTS:— 

Superintendence  of  the  Fine  Art  Department  and  building,  including  allots 
ment  of  space  to  Exhibitors,  JOHN  SARTAIN. 


JJ.  p.  pOYERNMENT  pOARD. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT— ORDNANCE  BUREAU. 

Col.  S.  C.  LYFORD,  Chairman. 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

Hon.  R.  W.  TAYLER, 

Ist  Controller  of  the  Treasury. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

Admiral  THORNTON  A.  JENKINS, 
U.  S.  Navy. 

INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

Hon  JOHN  EATON, 
Commissioner  of  Education. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Dr  CHAS.  F.  MCDONALD. 

Chief  of  Money  Order  Department. 

AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT. 

WM.  SAUNDERSj 

Superintendent  of  Propagating  Garden. 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 

Prof.  S.  F.  BAIRD, 

Assistant  Secretary  of  tbe  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution and  U.  S.  Fishery  Commissioner. 
WM.  A.  DeCAINDRY,  Secretary. 


no 


Xh  <jROr>l)S  AM)  \ I<  IMT\ 


SnONVINC 


DIMENSION  OF  BUILDINGS. 

1 MAIN  BUILDING  MWJ  //JV  f 

2 MACHINERY  BUILDING  tfOS  - .UIN 

3 ART  GALLERY  Hi.)  . ZtO 


HORTICUnURAI  HAll 


5 AGRICULTURAL  BUILDING  >^30 


V AGRU 


RE^EREN^ES. 


Airry  lirult/r 


THE 


INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876. 


PEESIDENT, 

JOHN  WELSH,  Philadelphia. 

VICE-PEESIDENTS, 

WILLIAM  SELLERS,  Philadelphia, 

JOHN  S.  BARBOUR,  Virginia. 

SECEETAEY  AND  TEBASUEEE, 

FREDERICK  FRALEY,  Philadelphia. 

ADDITOE,  FINANCIAL  AGENT, 

HENRY  S.  LANSING.  Hon.  WM.  BIGLER. 

DIEECTOES, 

Samuel  M.  Felton,  Daniel  M.  Fox,  Thomas  Cochran,  Clement  M. 
Biddle,  N.  Parker  Shortridge,  James  M.  Robb,  Edward  T.  Steel,  John 
Wanamaker,  John  Price  Wetherill,  Henry  Winsor,  Henry  Lewis,  Amos 
R.  Little,  John  Baird,  of  Philadelphia;  Thomas  H.  Dudley,  of  New  Jersey; 
A.  S.  Hewitt,  of  New  York;  John  Cummings,  of  Massachusetts  ; John  Gor- 
ham, of  Rhode  Island;  Charles  W.  Cooper,  William  Bigler,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; Robert  M.  Patton,  of  Alabama;  J.  M.  Drake,  of  Illinois;  George 
Bain,  of  Missouri. 


Tk  BnilillDi  Committee  of  tie  ExliMtioD  BailfliDgs. 


THOMAS  COCHRAN,  Chairman. 
JOHN  BAIRD, 

CLEMENT  M.  BIDDLE, 


WM.  SELLERS, 
SAMUEL  M.  FELTON, 
JAMES  M.  ROBB. 


Tie  Centennial  Bnrean  of  Reyenne. 


John  Wanamaker,  Chair’n,  Phila. 
William  Bigler,  Fin.  Ag’t,  Penn’ a. 
Edmund  T.  Steel,  Philadelphia. 
Amos  R.  Little,  “ 

Clement  M.  Biddle,  “ 

Daniel  M.  Fox,  “ 


James  M.  Robb, 
John  Baird, 


C.  B. 


Tiios.  H.  Dudley, 
John  Cummings, 
William  L.  Strong, 
George  Bain,  , 
Norton,  Secretary. 

Ill 


Philadelphia. 

u 

New  Jersey. 
Massachusetts. 
New  York. 
Missouri. 


112 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


THE 

INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION, 

FAIRMOUNT  PARK,  PHILADELPHIA. 


The  International  Exhibition  or  1876  originated  in  an  Act  of  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  passed  March  3d,  1871.  This  Act  recited  that  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  which  gave  existence  to  the  United  States  of 
America,  was  prepared,  signed,  and  promulgated  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia ; 
and  that  it  behooved  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  celebrate,  by  appropri- 
ate ceremonies,  at  its  birthplace,  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  this  memorial 
and  decisive  event ; and  it  was  deemed  fitting,  by  the  Congress,  that  the  man- 
ner of  its  celebration  should  be  an  exhibition  of  the  natural  resources  of  the 
country  and  their  development,  and  of  its  progress  in  those  arts  which  benefit 
mankind  in  comparison  with  those  of  older  nations. 

They  therefore  decreed  that  an  exhibition  of  American  and  foreign  arts, 
products,  and  manufactures  should  be  held,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-six. 

For  the  convenience  of  foreign  exhibitors,  the  following  act,  June  28,  1874, 
in  relation  to  duties,  was  passed  by  Congress : — All  articles  which  shall  be 
imported  for  the  sole  purpose  of  exhibition  at  the  International  Exhibition,  to 
be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six,  shall  be  admitted  without  the  payment  of  duty  or  of  customs  fees,  or 
charges,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  describe ; 
Provided^  That  all  such  articles  as  shall  be  sold  in  the  United  States  or  with- 
drawn for  consumption  therein,  at  any  time  after  such  importation,  shall  be 
subject  to  the  duties,  if  any,  imposed  on  like  articles  by  the  revenue  laws  in 
force  at  the  date  of  importation;  And  provided  further^  That  in  case  any 
articles  imported  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  withdrawn  for  con- 
sumption or  shall  be  sold  without  payment  of  duty,  as  required  by  law,  all  the 
penalties  prescribed  by  the  revenue  laws  shall  be  applied  and  enforced  against 
such  articles  and  against  the  persons  who  may  be  guilty  of  such  withdrawal 
or  sale. 


nyji'm  i¥i 

CENTENNIAL  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION 


LIDRARY 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


II3 


EyjxBiTioN  Opens  May  10th  and  Closes  November  10th,  1876. 

'The  Exhibition  buildings  are  located  in  Fairmount  Park,  which  adjoins  the 
built-up  portions  of  Philadelphia  on  the  north-western  border. 

They  are  situated  on  some  of  the  most  beautiful  spots  on  the  western 
banks  of  the  Schuylkill  river,  groves  of  stately  trees  surrounding  them,  splendid 
views  of  river  and  landscape  being  afforded.  These  buildings  stand  from  112 
feet  to  120  above  the  highest  tide-water  level  in  the  Delaware  river,  and  fully 
that  height  above  the  Schuylkill. 

Girard  avenue,  one  of  the  chief  streets  of  Philadelphia,  leads  directly  from 
the  city  to  the  entrance  of  the  Main  Exhibition  Building.  This  is  a broad 
highway  100  feet  in  width,  crossing  the  Schuylkill  river  upon  the  magnificent 
iron  bridge  seen  in  the  background  of  the  frontispiece. 

The  reservation  of  ground,  exclusively  for  exhibition  purposes,  embraces  236 
acres,  in  addition  to  which  there  are  other  enclosures  for  the  display  of  live 
stock.  The  buildings  are  located  mainly  in  a group,  separated  by  convenient 
distances.  From  the  summit  of  George’s  Hill — the  point  of  view  taken  in  the 
frontispiece — where  they  are  seen  to  great  advantage,  extends  the  Machinery 
Hall,  and  beyond,  the  long  glass  and  iron  walls  of  the  Main  Exhibition  Build- 
ing— together  nearly  four  thousand  feet  in  an  almost  continuous  line.  South 
of  the  Machinery  Hall  is  the  structure  for  the  officers  of  the  Board  of  Finance. 
Intermediate  between  the  two  great  buildings  will  be  the  jury-rooms  of  the  Com- 
mission. Northward,  and  mid-way  of  the  great  Exhibition  Building,  stands 
the  National  Memorial,  in  which  will  be  placed  the  art  exhibits  of  the  exhibi- 
tion ; its  granite  walls  crowned  with  its  iron  dome  and  colossal  figure  of 
Columbia.  Northward  still,  and  beyond,  a ravine  shadowed  by  lofty  forest 
trees,  bold  and  clear  in  the  sunlight,  the  Conservatory  rises,  overlooking  the 
green  meadows  and  the  Schuylkill  river.  Still  beyond,  and  separated  by  a 
second  ravine,  near  a grove  of  cedars,  in  harmony  with  its  Gothic  character,  is 
located  the  building  for  Agriculture.  The  space  lying  between  the  Machinery 
Hall,  the  Conservatory  and  the  foot  of  the  hill  is  laid  out  as  the  garden  of  the 
Exhibition.  This  garden  displays  in  its  arrangement  two  leading  features, 
the  first  an  avenue — Fountain  avenue — extending  from  the  Conservatory  to 
the  foot  of  the  hill,  intersected  by  a Park  drive — Belmont  avenue.  The  four 
blocks  or  angles  formed  by  this  intersection  are  arranged  as  follows : the  block 

7* 


114 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


embraced  by  the  hill,  Belmont  avenue  and  Fountain  avenue  is  occupied  by 
the  buildings  for  the  various  States — the  British  and  other  buildings  for  Foreign 
Commissioners  and  the  United  States  Government.  The  block  bounded  by 
Fountain  avenue  and  Machinery  Hall  displays  as  its  distinctive  feature  an 
artificial  lake.  Beyond  the  Park  drive  on  the  north  side  of  Fountain  avenue 
is  erected  the  building  for  the  Women’s  Department,  and  south  of  Fountain 
avenue,  and  east  of  Belmont  avenue,  the  building  of  the  Japanese  Commission. 
The  statuary  for  the  National  Demonstration  has  two  leading  features  here, 
the  Centennial  fountain,  on  Fountain  avenue  near  the  foot  of  the  hill,  and  the 
Columbus  Monument  near  the  intersection  of  Fountain  and  Belmont  avenues. 
The  Centennial  Fountain  is  the  centre  of  a radius  of  avenues,  the  principal 
two  of  which  are  the  Fountain  avenue  and  avenue  of  the  Republic,  extending 
along  the  north  side  of  the  Main  Exhibition  Building  and  Machinery  Hall  to 
the  Art  Gallery. 

The  articles  to  be  exhibited  have  been  classified  in  seven  departments, 
which,  for  the  most  part,  are  located  in  appropriate  buildings,  whose  several 
areas  are  as  follows  : 

ACRES 

DEPARTMENTS.  BUILDINGS.  COVERED. 

1.  Mining  and  Metallurgy 1 

2.  Manufactures > Main  Building 213^ 

3.  Education  and  Science ) 

4.  Art Art  Gallery 13^ 

5.  Machinery Machinery  Building 14 

6.  Agriculture Agricultural  Building 103^^ 

7.  Horticulture Horticultural  Building 13^ 

Total 48% 

In  addition  to  the  48|  acres  covered  by  the  five  principal  buildings, 
there  will  be  other  buildings,  covering  about  26  acres,  thus  making  a total  of 
about  75  acres  ; twenty-five  acres  more  than  were  at  Vienna — the  largest 
International  Exhibition  yet  held. 

THE  MAIN  EXHIBITION  BUILDING. 

This  building  is  located  immediately  east  of  the  intersection  of  Belmont  and 
Elm  avenues,  on  the  Lansdowne  plateau.  It  stands  170  feet  back  from  the 
north  side  of  Elm  avenue — the  Park  boundary  line — the  area  between  the 
building  and  the  avenue  being  for  special  products,  which  may  be  exhibited  in 
the  open  air. 

The  building  is  in  the  form  of  a parallelogram,  running  east  and  west,  1880 
feet  long,  and  north  and  south,  464  feet  wide.  The  larger  portion  is  one  story 
high,  the  interior  height  being  70  feet,  and  the  cornice  on  the  outside  being  45 
feet  from  the  ground.  At  the  centre  of  the  longer  sides  are  projections  416  feet 
in  length,  and  on  the  ends  of  the  building,  projections  216  feet  in  length.  In 
these,  which  are  in  the  centre  of  the  four  sides,  are  located  the  main  entrances, 


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AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


115 


which  are  provided  with  arcades  upon  the  ground  floor,  and  central  facades  90 
feet  high.  The  east  entrance  will  form  the  principal  approach  for  carriages, 
visitors  alighting  at  the  doors  of  the  building  under  the  cover  of  the  arcades. 
The  south  entrance  will  be  the  principal  approach  from  railway  cars.  The 
west  entrance  opens  upon  the  main  passage-way  to  two  principal  buildings,  the 
Machinery  and  Agricultural  Halls,  and  the  north  entrance  to  Memorial  Hall 
(Art  Gallery.)  Between  the  latter  and  the  Main  Building  there  is  a space  of 
300  feet  in  width,  which  is  ornamentally  treated  as  ground  for  special  purposes. 

Towers  75  feet  in  height  rise  at  each  corner  of  the  building,  and  between  the 
towers  and  central  projections  or  entrances,  there  is  a low  roof  introduced, 
showing  a cornice  at  24  feet  above  the  ground.  In  order  to  obtain  a central 
feature,  the  roof  for  184  feet  square  at  the  centre,  has  been  raised  above  the  sur- 
rounding portion,  and  four  towers  48  feet  square,  rising  to  120  feet  high,  are 
introduced  into  the  corners  of  this  elevated  roof.  This  gives  ventilation  as  well 
as  ornament.  The  Main  Building  gives  936,008  square  feet  of  surface,  or  nearly 
21  j acres. 

Its  ground  plan  shows  a central  avenue  120  feet  in  width,  and  1,832  feet  in 
length,  which  is  the  longest  avenue  of  that  width  ever  introduced  into  an  exhi- 
bition building.  On  either  side  of  this  is  another  avenue  of  equal  length,  and 
100  feet  wide.  Between  the  central  and  side  avenues  are  aisles  48  feet  wide, 
and  on  the  outer  sides  of  the  building  smaller  aisles  of  24  feet  width.  To 
break  the  great  length  of  the  roof-lines  three  transepts  have  been  introduced, 
of  the  same  widths  and  in  the  same  relative  positions  to  each  other  as  the  lon- 
gitudinal avenues.  These  cross  the  building,  and  are  416  feet  in  length.  The 
intersections  of  these  various  avenues  make  at  the  centre  of  the  building  nine 
spaces,  free  from  supports,  which  are  from  100  feet  to  120  feet  square,  and 
which  aggregate  416  feet  square.  The  general  elevation  of  the  roofs  of  all  these 
avenues  varies  from  45  feet  to  70  feet. 

The  building  rests  upon  the  ground,  the  land  having  been  thoroughly  graded 
and  prepared.  The  foundations  consist  of  piers  of  masonry,  the  superstructure 
being  composed  of  wrought-iron  columns,  placed  24  feet  apart,  which  support 
iron  roof-trusses.  There  are  672  of  these  columns  in  the  entire  structure,  the 
shortest  being  23  feet  and  the  longest  125  feet  long.  Their  aggregate  weight 
is  2,200,000  pounds.  The  roof-trusses  and  girders  weigh  5,000,000  pounds. 
The  sides  of  the  building,  to  7 feet,  above  the  ground,  are  finished  with  brick- 
work in  panels  between  the  columns.  Above  this  there  are  glazed  sashes. 
The  roof-covering  is  of  tin,  that  being  the  best  roofing  known  in  this  climate 
to  resist  leakage.  The  flooring  is  of  plank,  upon  sills  resting  upon  the  ground, 
with  no  space  open  beneath.  Octagonal  turrets  of  galvanized  iron  surmount 
the  building  at  all  the  corners  and  angles,  and  the  national  standard,  with  appro- 
priate emblems,  is  placed  over  each  of  the  main  entrances ; at  other  places,  with 


116 


GLTEDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


the  national  eagle  There  are  numerous  side-entranees,  each  being  surmounted 
with  a trophy,  showing  the  national  colors  of  the  country  occupying  that 
portion  of  the  building.  In  the  vestibules,  variegated  brick  and  tile  are  intro- 
duced. Louvre  ventilators  surmount  all  the  avenues,  and  sky-lights  the 
central  aisles.  Light,  of  which  there  will  be  an  ample  supply,  comes  from  the 
north  and  south  sides  almost  entirely.  There  underlie  the  building  two  miles 
of  drainage-pipes,  the  water  supply  and  drainage  system  being  complete. 

Offices  for  the  Foreign  Commissions  are  placed  along  the  sides  of  the  building 
in  close  proximity  to  the  products  exhibited.  Offices  for  the  administration  are 
at  the  ends.  The  design  of  the  building  is  such  that  all  exhibitors  have  an 
equally  fair  opportunity  of  exhibiting  their  goods  to  advantage.  There  is 
comparatively  little  choice  of  location,  as  the  light  is  uniformly  distributed,  and 
each  of  the  spaces  devoted  to  products  is  located  upon  one  of  the  main  thorough- 
fares. A complete  system  of  water  supply  with  ample  provision  of  fire-cocks, 
etc.,  is  provided  against  fire,  and  for  sanitary  purposes.  The  total  amount  of 
iron  used  in  the  building  is  8,500,000  pounds,  four  miles  of  pipe,  and  over 
7,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  and  was  completed  with  the  aid  of  3,000  men  in  one  year 
from  the  day  the  first  spade  was  put  in  the  ground. 

Engineers  and  Architects — Henry  Pettit  and  Joseph  Wilson.  Contractor — 
Richard  J.  Dobbins,  Philadelphia.  Cost  of  building  $16,00,000. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


117 


cmoranilitm^. 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


cttiaraiultttn^. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


II9 


THE  MEMORIAL  HALL 

OR 

ART  GALLERY. 


The  most  imposing  and  ornate  of  all  the  structures  is  Memorial  Hall,  built 
at  a cost  of  $1 ,500,000,  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 
This  is  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  to  be  used  during 
the  Exhibition  as  an  Art  Gallery,  after  which  it  is  designed  to  make  it  the 
receptacle  of  an  industrial  and  art  collection  similar  to  the  famous  South 
Kensington  Miiseum,  at  London.  It  stands  on  the  most  commanding  portion 
of  the  great  Lansdowne  plateau,  and  a line  parallel  with,  and  a short  distance 
northward  of  the  Main  Building,  looking  southward  across  the  Schuylkill  over 
Philadelphia.  It  is  elevated  on  a terrace  six  feet  above  the  general  level  of  the 
plateau;  the  plateau  itself  being  an  eminence  116  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
Schuylkill  river. 

Being  designed  for  an  absolutely  fire-proof  structure,  nothing  combustible  has 
been  used.  The  design  is  modern  Renaissance.  The  materials  are  granite, 
glass  and  iron.  It  covers  an  acre  and  a half,  and  is  365  feet  long,  210  feet 
wide,  and  59  feet  high,  over  a spacious  basement  12  feet  high.  A dome,  rising 
150  feet  above  the  ground,  surmounts  the  centre,  capped  by  a colossal  ball,  from 
which  rises  the  figure  of  Columbia ; the  figure  is  23  feet  6 inches  high,  weighs 
three  tons,  and  is  cast  from  zinc,  and  was  modeled  by  Aug.  M.  J.  Mueller.  At  the 
corners  of  the  dome  there  are  four  other  colossal  pieces  of  sculptural  ornamen- 
tations, representing  mining,  commerce,  agriculture  and  manufactures.  There 
are  also  two  other  groups  over  the  main  entrance,  representing  science  and 
art.  The  main  front  of  this  building  looks  southward,  displaying  a main 
entrance  in  the  centre,  consisting  of  three  enormous  arched  doorways,  a 
pavilion  on  each  end,  and  two  arcades  connecting  the  pavilions  with  the  centre. 
The  entrance  is  70  feet  wide,  to  which  there  is  a rise  of  13  steps.  Each  of  the 
huge  doorways  is  40  feet  high  and  15  feet  wide,  opening  into  a hall.  Between 
the  arches  of  the  doorways  are  clusters  of  columns,  terminating  in  emblematic 
designs  illustrative  of  science  and  art.  The  doors  are  of  iron,  relieved  by 
bronze  panels,  displaying  the  coats  of  arms  of  all  the  States  and  Territories. 
The  United  States  coat  of  arms  is  in  the  centre  of  the  main  frieze.  The  dome 


120 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


is  of  glass  and  iron,  of  unique  design.  While  Columbia  rises  at  the  top,  a 
colossal  figure  stands  at  each  corner  of  the  base  of  the  dome,  typifing  the 
four  quarters  of  the  globe.  In  each  pavilion  there  is  a large  window  12^  feet 
by  34  feet.  There  are  altogether  eight  of  these  windows,  which  are  used  for 
the  display  of  stained  glass,  glass  paintings,  etc.  The  arcades  designed  to 
screen  the  long  walls  of  the  galleries  each  consist  of  five  groined  arches,  and 
form  promenades  looking  outward  over  the  grounds  and  inward  over  open 
gardens  extending  back  to  the  main  wall  of  the  building.  These  garden-plots 
are  each  90  feet  by  36  feet,  ornamented  with  fountains  and  statuary.  The 
arcades  are  highly  ornamented,  and  the  balustrades  of  them  and  of  the 
approaching  stairways  are  also  used  for  statuary.  The  walls  of  the  east  and 
west  sides  of  the  structure  display  the  pavilions,  and  the  walls  of  the  picture- 
galleries,  and  are  relieved  by  niches  designed  for  statues.  The  frieze  is  richly 
ornamented,  and  above  it  the  central  dome  shows  to  great  advantage.  The  rear  or 
north  front  of  the  building  is  of  the  same  general  character  as  the  main  front, 
but,  in  place  of  the  arcade,  has  a series  of  arched  windows,  twelve  in  number, 
with  the  entrance  in  the  centre.  Between  the  pavilions  is  the  grand  balcony, 
a promenade  275  feet  long  and  45  feet  wide,  elevated  40  feet  above  the  ground 
and  overlooking  to  the  northward  the  beautiful  grounds  of  the  Park.  On  each 
front  of  the  building  the  entrances  open  into  halls,  82  feet  long,  60  feet  wide, 
and  53  feet  high,  decorated  in  modern  Renaissance.  These,  in  turn,  open  into 
the  centre  hall  83  feet  square,  the  ceiling  rising  over  it  80  feet  in  height.  From 
the  east  and  west  sides  of  this  centre  hall  extend  the  galleries,  each  93  feet 
long,  48  feet  wide,  and  35  feet  high.  These  galleries  admit  of  temporary  divi- 
sions for  the  better  display  of  paintings,  and  with  the  centre  hall  form  a grand 
hall  287  feet  long  and  83  feet  wide,  capable  of  comfortably  accommodating  8,000 
persons  ; this  is  nearly  twice  the  dimensions  of  the  largest  hall  in  the  United 
States.  From  the  galleries,  doorways  open  into  two  smaller  galleries,  89  feet 
long  and  28  feet  wide.  These  open  north  and  south  into  private  apartments 
connecting  with  the  pavilion-rooms,  and  forming  two  side  galleries  210  feet 
long.  Along  the  whole  length  of  the  north  side  of  the  main  galleries  and 
central  hall  extends  a corridor  14  feet  wide,  opening  on  its  north  line  into  a 
series  of  private  rooms,  twenty-three  in  number,  designed  for  studios  and 
smaller  exhibition  rooms.  All  the  galleries  and  the  central  hall  are  lighted 
from  above ; the  pavilions  and  studios  from  the  sides.  The  pavilions  and  central 
hall  are  designed  especially  for  the  exhibition  of  sculpture.  This  fine  building 
gives  75,000  square  feet  of  wall  space  for  paintings,  and  20,000  square  feet  of 
floor  space  for  statues,  etc.  The  skylights  throughout  are  double,  the  upper 
being  of  clear  glass,  and  the  under  of  ground  glass. 

This  building  not  being  large  enough  to  accommodate  all  the  applicants,  an 
addition  had  to  be  built.  The  structure  is  situated  about  one  hundred  feet  in  the 


i 


i!nRA??Y 
OF  THE 

U ]:vE^?srrY  of  ill!^0!S 


►R  ART  GALLERY. 


^71 


LIGRAHY 
OF  THE 

U'^iVEnsiTY  OF  lan^ois 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


121 


rear  of  Memorial  Hall,  and  its  appearance,  in  its  general  features  is  the  same  as 
that  of  Memorial  Hall.  It  is  of  brick,  overcast  with  cement,  painted  to  represent 
granite,  and  with  front  and  side  elevations  of  a highly  ornamented  style  of  archi- 
tecture. The  exterior  walls  are  broken  by  a series  of  arches  and  pilasters.  The 
total  length  of  the  building  is  350  feet,  and  its  width  186  feet.  It  covers  about  an 
acre  of  ground.  The  walls  are  lined  with  asbestos  to  render  the  structure  fire- 
proof, and  the  building  is  amply  lighted  by  sky-lights,  the  interior  walls  being  18 
feet  high,  thus  afibrding  excellent  facilities  for  obtaining  a good  light  on  all 
the  pictures.  The  ground  plan  is  divided  into  two  large  galleries,  each  101 
feet  6 inches  long,  and  40  feet  wide,  and  twenty-four  smaller  galleries,  each 
40  by  40  feet.  There  is  a passage-way  20  feet  wide,  extending  the  entire 
length  of  the  building,  which,  together  with  a shorter  passage-way,  will  be 
utilized  for  the  exhibition  of  water-color  paintings. 

Architect — H.  J.  Schwartzmann.  Contractor — R.  J.  Dobbins,  Philadelphia.. 


122 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


123 


^[cmoranilinn^. 


[ 

t 

r 


124 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


MACHINERY  HALL. 


This  structure  is  located  about  550  feet  west  of  the  Main  Exhibition  Building^ 
and  as  its  north  front  stands  upon  the  same  line,  it  is  practically  a continua- 
tion of  that  edifice,  the  two  together  presenting  a frontage  of  3,824  feet  from 
their  eastern  to  their  western  ends,  upon  the  principal  avenue  within  the 
grounds.  This  building  consists  of  a main  hall,  1,402  feet  long  and  360  feet 
wide,  with  an  annex  on  the  south  side  of  208  feet  by  210  feet.  The  entire  area 
covered  is  558,440  square  feet  or  nearly  13  acres,  and  the  floor  space  afforded 
is  about  14  acres.  The  chief  portion  of  the  building  is  one  story  in  height, 
the  main  cornice  upon  the  outside  being  40  feet  from  the  ground,  and  the  inte- 
rior height  to  the  top  of  the  ventilators  in  the  avenues  70  feet,  and  in  the  aisles 
40  feet.  To.  break  the  long  lines  of  the  exterior,  projections  have  been  intro- 
duced upon  the  four  sides,  and  the  main  entrances  are  finished  with  facades 
extending  to  78  feet  in  height.  The  eastern  entrance  will  be  the  principal 
approach  from  railways  and  from  the  Main  Exhibition  Building.  The  western 
entrance  affords  the  most  direct  communication  with  George’s  Hill.  Along 
the  southern  side  are  placed  the  boiler-houses,  and  such  other  buildings  for 
special  kinds  of  machinery  as  may  be  required. 

The  plan  of  Machinery  Hall  shows  two  main  avenues  90  feet  wide,  with 
a central  aisle  between  and  an  aisle  on  either  side,  these  being  60  feet  in  width. 
These  avenues  and  aisles  together  have  360  feet  width,  and  each  of  them  is 
1,360  feet  long.  At  the  centre  of  the  building  there  is  a transept  of  90  feet 
width,  which  at  the  south  end  is  prolonged  beyond  the  building.  This 
extended  transept,  beginning  at  36  feet  trom  the  building  and  extending  to  208 
feet,  is  flanked  on  either  side  by  aisles  60  feet  wide,  and  forms  an  annex  for 
hydraulic  machines.  The  promenades  are — in  the  avenues  15  feet  wide,  in  the 
aisles  10  feet,  and  in  the  transept  25  feet.  The  walks  extending  across  the 
building  are  all  10  feet  wide,  and  lead  at  either  end  to  exit  doors.  The  foun- 
dations of  this  building  are  piers  of  masonry,  the  superstructure  consisting  of 
solid  timber  columns  supporting  roof  trusses,  constructed  of  straight  wooden 
principal  beams  and  wrought-iron  ties  and  struts.  As  a general  rule  the 
columns  are  placed  lengthwise  of  the  building,  at  the  uniform  distance  apart 
of  16  feet.  The  columns  are  40  feet  high,  and  support  respectively  the  90  feet 


I 


linSARY 
OF  THE 

U )!VFRS;tV  of  ILLINOIS 


1402  Feet  Long,  360  Feet  Wide,  70  Feet  High.  MACHI ' 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


125 


roof-spans  over  the  avenues  at  a height  of  40  feet,  and  the  60  feet  roof-spans 
over  the  aisles  at  a height  of  20  feet.  The  outer  walls  are  built  of  masonry  at 
a height  of  5 feet,  and  above  that  are  composed  of  glazed  sash  between  the 
columns.  Portions  of  these  sashes  are  movable  for  ventilation,  and  Louvre 
ventilators  are  introduced  in  continuous  lengths  over  both  the  avenues  and  the 
aisles.  The  building  is  entirely  lighted  by  side-light  from  the  north  and  south. 

This  Machinery  Building  has  very  superior  facilities  for  shafting,  and  double 
lines  are  introduced  into  each  avenue  and  aisle,  at  a height  of  about  20  feet. 
A pair  of  monster  Corliss  steam-engines  drives  the  main  shafting.  Each 
cylinder  is  40  inches  in  diameter,  with  a stroke  of  10  feet  5 the  fly-wheel  is  31 
feet  in  diameter,  and  weighs.  55  tons*,  the  horse-power  is  1,400,  and  the  number 
of  boilers  is  20.  These  engines  drive  about  a mile  of  shafting.  There  are  also 
counter-lines  of  shafting  in  the  aisles  and  special  steam-power  furnished 
where  necessary.  Steam-power  is  furnished  free  to  exhibitors.  In  the 
annex  for  hydraulic  machines,  there  is  a tank  60  feet  by  160  feet,  with  10  feet 
depth  of  water.  It  is  intended  to  exhibit  all  sorts  of  hydraulic  machinery  in  full 
operation,  and  at  the  southern  end  of  the  tank  there  is  a waterfall  35  feet 
high  by  40  feet  wide,  supplied  from  the  tank  by  the  pumps  on  exhibition. 

No  department  of  the  exhibition  will  be  as  closely  scanned  by  foreigners  as 
this.  American  invention  in  labor-saving  machinery  has  done  more  in  all 
foreign  Expositions  to  indicate  the  progress  of  our  country  than  all  other 
Departments  together,  and  a careful  analysis  of  the  awards  received  by  our 
•citizens  exhibiting  abroad  will  prove  this  fact.  There  are  in  the  building 
5,000,000  feet  of  lumber;  500,000  pounds  of  cast-iron;  750,000  pounds  of 
wrought-iron ; 20,000  pounds  of  nails  and  spikes;  700,000  square  feet  of  tin- 
roofing; 150,000  pounds  of  American  glass;  and  15,000,000  pounds  of  stone. 
North  of  this  building  is  the  Lake,  with  its  immense  stock  of  fish,  beautiful 
swans  and  gondolas. 

Architects,  Henry  Pettit  and  Jos.  M.  Wilson.  Contractor;  Philip  Quigley. 
Cost  of  sti-ucture,  $722,000. 


126 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


i2r 


128 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


HORTICULTURAL  BUILDING. 


The  City  of  Philadelphia  made  a liberal  grant  of  money  to  provide  for  the 
Horticultural  Department  of  the  exhibition,  an  extremely  ornate  and  commo- 
dious building,  'which  is  designed  to  remain  in  permanence  as  an  ornament  of 
Fairmount  Park.  This  structure  is  located  on  a terrace  bordering  the  Schuyl- 
kill river,  a short  distance  north  of  Memorial  Hall,  and  has  a commanding 
vie’w  of  the  Schuylkill  river  valley  and  the  north-western  portions  of  Philadel- 
phia. Komantic  ravines  running  down  to  the  river  are  on  either  side, 
separating  it  on  the  south  from  Memorial  Hall,  and  on  the  north  from  Agricul- 
tural Building.  These  ravines  are  spanned  by  ornamental  bridges  500  feet 
long  and  60  feet  wide,  for  convenience  of  access.  Carriage-roads,  a railway, 
and  foot-walks,  pass  over  them. 

The  Horticultural  Building  is  designed  in  the  Moresque  style  of  architecture 
of  the  twelfth  century,  the  chief  materials  externally  being  iron  and  glass, 
supported  by  fine  marble  and  brick  work.  The  building  is  383  feet  long,  193 
feet  wide,  and  72  feet  high  to  the  top  of  the  lantern.  The  main  floor  is 
•occupied  by  the  central  conservatory,  230  feet  by  80  feet,  and  55  feet  high, 
surmounted  by  a lantern  170  feiet  long,  20  feet  wide,  and  14  feet  high.  The 
centre  of  the  conservatory  is  adorned  by  a marble  fountain  executed  by  Foley. 
Running  entirely  around  this  conservatory,  at  a height  of  20  feet  from  the 
floor,  is  a gallery  5 feet  wide.  This  is  guarded  by  a delicately-fashioned  iron 
railing,  and  above  it  are  the  glass-arched  windows,  divided  by  pilasters  of  dark 
maroon,  topped  by  gold  capitals.  The  roof  is  finished  in  blue  panels,  with 
frescoed  centres.  Glancing  upward  from  the  floor,  a world  of  beautiful  forms 
and  brightly  contrasted  colors  greet  the  eye,  while  here  and  there  through  the 
tinted  windows  the  sunlight  streams  in  with  oriental  splendor.  On  the  north  and 
south  sides  of  this  principal  room  are  four  forcing  houses  for  the  propagation  of 
young  plants,  each  of  them  100  feet  by  30  feet,  and  covered  by  curved  roofs  of  iron 
and  glass,  which,  appearing  upon  the  exterior  of  the  building,  present  a very  fine 
feature.  A vestibule  30  feet  square  separates  the  two  forcing-houses  on  each  side, 
and  there  are  similar  vestibules  at  the  centre  of  the  east  and  west  ends,  on  either 
sides  of  which  are  apartments  for  restaurants,  reception-rooms,  offices,  etc. 
Ornamental  stair-ways  lead  from  these  vestibules  to  the  internal  galleries  of 
the  conservatory,  as  well  as  to  four  external  galleries,  each  100  feet  long,  and 


lUOlTfiOU 


Length,  383  Feet;  Wid: 

HORTICUL^ 


; Feet;  Height,  72  Feet. 

I.RAL  HALL. 


LBRARY 

OF  THE 

Ui^iVEKSiTY  OF  ILLINOIS 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


129 


10  feet  wide,  which  surmount  the  roofs  of  the  forcing-hous3S.  These  external 
galleries  are  connected  with  a grand  promenade,  formed  by  the  roofs  of  the 
rooms  on  the  lower  floor,  giving  a'superflcial  area  of  about  17,000  square  feet. 
The  east  and  west  entrances  to  the  Horticultural  Building  are  approached  by 
flights  of  blue  marble  steps,  from  terraces  80  feet  by  20  feet,  in  the  centre  of 
each  of  which  stands  an  open  kiosque  20  feet  in  diameter.  Each  entrance  is 
beautified  by  ornamental  tile  and  marble  work,  and  the  angles  of  the  main 
conservatory  are  adorned  with  eight  attractive  fountains.  The  corridors  con- 
necting the  conservatory  with  the  surrounding  apartments  open  fine  vistas  in 
every  direction,  and  the  beauties  of  the  surrounding  Park,  and  the  river  flow- 
ing in  front  and  more  than  100  feet  beneath  the  building,  add  to  the  attrac- 
tions. Provision  is  made  for  the  illumination  of  the  structure  by  3,500  burners. 
Extensive  heating  arrangements  are  provided  in  the  basement,  which  is  of  fire- 
proof construction,  and  the  restaurant  kitchens  are  also  located  there. 

Surrounding  this  building  there  are  35  acres  of  ground,  which  is  devoted  to 
horticultural  purposes.  In  this  plot  there  is  an  extension  series  of  sunken 
gardens.  The  surrounding  grounds  are  beautifully  laid  out  with  flower-beds 
and  traversed  by  smooth,  broad  avenues.  At  each  of  six  different  points,  a set 
of  three  avenues  meet  at  a common  centre,  where  upon  a circular  spot  sixty 
feet  in  diameter,  will  bo  erected  an  ornamental  -summer-house.  In  the  flower- 
beds more  than  32,000  hyacinths  and  tulip-bulbs  have  been  planted,  and  with 
thousands  of  other  beautiful  and  delicate  plants,  will  be  in  full  bloom  on  the 
opening-day  of  the  Exhibition.  In  the  laying  out  of  the  grounds — the  roads, 
walks,  etc. — the  ultimate  use  of  the  grounds  has  been  considered,  it  being  the 
wish  of  a number  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  interested  in  horticulture, 
that  this  portion  of  the  ground  should  be  converted  into  a botanic  garden  after 
the  close  of  the  International  Exhibition  ; thus  providing  for  the  citizens  of 
Philadelphia  a permanent  attraction  of  a beautiful  character.  The  building 
was  designed  under  the  supervision  of  the  National  Horticultural  Society. 

Architect — H.  J.  Schwarzmann.  Constructor — John  Rice.  Cost — S25 1,937. 


8* 


130 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


ieiworatiiliiiit^. , 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


131 


eiiip  ran  till  III 


132 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


AGRICULTURAL  BUILDING. 


The  Agricultural  Building  stands  east  of  Belmont  avenue  and  north  of  the 
Horticultural  Building,  being  separated  from  it  by  a romantic  ravine,  and  has 
a commanding  view  of  the  Schuylkill  river  and  the  north-western  suburbs  of 
Philadelphia  beyond.  This  building  illustrates  a novel  combination  of  ma- 
terials, mainly  wood  and  glass,  and  consists  of  a long  nave  crossed  by  three 
transepts,  each  being  composed  of  truss-arches  of  Gothic  form.  The  section  of 
building  formed  by  the  arch-trusses,  receives  light  direct — by  glass  sections 
in  panes,  forming  roof-covers — their  stilt  at  the  base  constructed  as  Louvres 
for  ventilation.  The  court-roofs  have  lantern-lights  continuous  through  their 
depth,  in  each  bay  of  60  feet.  The  truss  systems  adopted  by  the  major  portion 
of  thC'  building,  provides  roof  and  wall  construction  ; the  elevation  of  the  roof 
section  converging  to  the  ridge  lessens  the  effect  of  the  sun’s  heat,  to  which — 
without  the  protection  of  a ceiling  beneath,  a building,  enclosed  by  temporary 
roof-cover — it  would  be  subject  in  the  summer  season.  The  arrangement  of 
the  ground  plan  shows  four  main  avenues,  the  nave,  running  north  and  south 
through  the  centre  of  the  building  820  feet  long  by  125  feet  wide,  with  the 
height  of  75  feet  from  the  floor  to  ttie  point  of  the  arch.  The  three  remaining 
avenues  or  transepts  run  east  and  west,  one  through  the  centre  of  the  build- 
ing and  one  at  each  end  of  it,  distant  from  said  ends  25  feet ; the  centre  tran- 
sept is  540  feet  long,  by  60  feet  in  width,  and  the  end  transepts  540 
feet  long  by  30  wide.  The  building  is  divided  by  the  above  avenues  into  sec- 
tions, and  each  section  has  aisles  13  feet  wide,  by  197  feet  long,  extending 
through  it,  and  opening  into  the  main  north  and  south  avenue  at  one  end,  and 
into  the  side  passage-ways  at  the  other.  The  four  main  avenues,  with  the 
aisles,  form  a most  admirable  arrangement  by  which  the  exhibitor  can  display, 
and  the  visitor  observe  the  various  articles  exhibited.  Its  interior  appearance 
will  resemble  that  of  a great  cathedral,  and  in  looking  from  transept  to  tran- 
sept, the  vista  will  be  extremely  imposing.  The  four  courts  enclosed  by  the 
four  main  avenues,  and  also  the  four  spaces  at  the  corners  of  the  building, 
having  the  nave  and  end  transepts  for  two  of  their  sides,  are  roofed  and  forms 
valuable  spaces  for  exhibits.  A portion  of  this  building  is  supplied  with  steam- 
power  for  the  use  of  agricultural  machinery. 

The  building  covers  lO}  acres.  Architect — Jas.  H.  Windrim.  Construc- 
tor— Philip  Quigley. 


i- 


.AV 


/ 


f. 

1 


1 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


lit  0 m nil  II  TO 


134 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.' 


tttns. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


135 


Having  tlius  noted  the  five  principal  buildings  of  the  Exhibition  proper,  it 
Avill  Ije  convenient  to  return  to  the  main  entrance  to  the  grounds.  This  main 
entrance  is  the  interval  between  the  Main  and  Machinery  Buildings,  and  is 
approached  by  a covered  bridge,  crossing  Elm  avenue  from  the  terminus  of 
the  Pennsylvania  railroad,  where  visitors  from  every  part  of  the  Union  will 
be  landed,  only  a street’s  breadth  from  the  Exhibition.  On  either  side  of  the 
entrance  is  a building  containing  some  twenty-five  rooms  each,  which  are 
devoted  to  the  use  of  the  executive  officers,  those  of  the  custom-house, 
police,  telegraph  operators,  etc.  These  buildings  are  connected  by  a 
spacious  verandah,  so  that  in  passing  between  the  neighboring  buildings  and 
the  depot,  one  need  not  at  any  time  go  from  under  cover.  Facing  the  entrance, 
and  on  the  boulevard  which  runs  at  the  back  of  the  Main  and  front  of  Machin- 
ery Buildings,  is  the 

JURY  PAVILION, 

an  ornate  two-story  structure.  The  dimensions  are  152  by  115  feet,  with  exclu- 
sive porch  6 by  9 feet.  Arriving  through  a spacious  vestibule,  a large  hall  60  by 
80  feet,  and  43  feet  high,  where  floor  space  is  proposed  for  the  assembly  of  all 
the  judges  at  their  principal  sittings.  To  the  rear,  is  a smaller  hall,  25  by  60 
feet,  and  25  feet  high,  for  a smaller  asseml)ly.  The  partitions  between 
these  two  halls  are  so  arranged  as  to  be  removed  on  certain  occasions. 
Around  the  large  hall  runs  a corridor  10  feet  wide,  and  on  either  side 
are  smaller  committee  rooms.  In  front,  on  same  floor,  are  four  rooms  for  offi- 
cers, two  stairs  leading  up  to  second  floor,  where  a ten  feet  wide  gallery  sur- 
rounds the  large  hall  on  three  sides  for  spectators.  In  front,  on  the  same  floor, 
is  a large  hall  22  by  60  feet  for  assembly  of  committee  members.  Ladies’ 
and  gentlemen’s  toilet  rooms  are  placed  in  convenient  points,  provided  with 
all  necessaries  thereto.  The  whole  building  is  plastered  in  and  outside,  on 
frame  work.  The  inside  painted  and  decorated.  The  outside  battened  off  so 
as  to  represent  wood  construction  of  modern  architecture.  The  building  cost 
330,000.  Architect — II.  J.  Schwarzmann. 

We  give  the  rules  adopted  by  the  Commission  in  relation  to  judges  and 
awards  : 

First — Awards  Avill  be  based  upon  written  reports  attested  by  the  signa- 
tures of  their  authors. 

Second — Two  hundred  judges  shall  be  appointed  to  make  such  reports,  one- 
half  of  whom  shall  be  foreigners  and  one-half  citizens  of  the  United  States. 
They  will  be  selected  for  their  known  qualifications  and  character,  and  will  be 
experts  in  departments  to  which  they  will  be  respectively  assigned.  The 
foreign  members  of  this  body  will  be  appointed  by  the  Commission  of  each 


136 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


•country,  and  in  conformity  with  the  distrii^ution  and  allotment  to  each,  which 
will  he  hereafter  announced.  The  judges  from  the  United  States  will  he: 
appointed  hy  the  Centennial  Commission. 


Third — The  sum  of  $1,000  will  he  paid  to  each  commissioned  judge  for- 
personal  expenses. 

Fourth — Reports  and  awards  shall  he  based  upon  merit.  The  elements  of 
merit  shall  he  held  to  include  consideration  relating  to  originality,  invention, 
discovery,  utility,  quality,  skill,  workmanship,  fitness  for  the  purposes  intended, 
adaptation  to  public  wants,  economy  and  cost. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  - 137 

Fifth — Each  report  will  be  delivered  to  the  Centennial  Commission  as  soon 
as  completed  for  final  award  and  distribution. 

Sixth — Awards  will  be  finally  decreed  by  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  in  compliance  with  the  act  of  Congress,  and  will  consist  of  a 
diploma  with  a uniform  bronze  medal,  and  a special  report  of  the  judges  on  the 
subject  of  the  award. 

Sevexth — Each  exhibitor  will  have  the  right  to  reproduce  and  publish  the 
report  awarded  to  him,  but  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  reserves 
the  right  to  publish  and  dispose  of  all  reports  in  the  manner  it  thinks  best  for 
public  information,  and  also  to  embody  and  distribute  the  reports  as  records  of 
the  Exhibition. 

WOMEN’S  PAVILION. 

On  Belmont  avenue,  nearly  opposite  the  Government  Building,  is  the  build- 
ing which  accommodates  the  Women’s  Exhibition,  a tasteful  and  commodious 
structure,  erected  at  a cost  of  $30,000  by  the  subscriptions  of  the  women  of 
America. 


women’s  pavilion. 

This  elegant  pavilion  covers  an  area  of  30,000  square  feet ; it  exhibits  a nave 
and  a transept,  each  192  feet  long  and  64  feet  wide,  terminating  in 
porches  8 by  32  feet.  Four  pavilions,  each  48  feet  square,  occupy  the 
angles  formed  by  the  nave  and  transept.  The  centre  of  the  structure  rises  25 
feet  above  the  exterior  portions,  and  terminates  with  a cupola  and  lantern,  90- 


138, 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


feet  from  the  ground.  The  entire  superstructure  rests  on  the  exterior  walls 
and  four  interior  supporting  columns.  The  material  is  of  wood,  roofed  over 
by  segmental  trusses.  It  contains,  in  addition  to  space  for  exhibits,  toilet  and 
reception  rooms.  In  it  only  articles  the  result  of  woman’s  labor  are  to  be 
exhibited.  Mrs.  E.  D.  Gillespie,  President  of  the  Women’s  Centennial  Execu- 
tive Committee  was  the  first  to  originate  the  idea  of  a separate  building. 

The  object  of  the  Women’s  Department  is  the  exhibition  of  the  highest  type 
of  women’s  work,  and  also  to  point  out  avenues  of  usefulness  and  profit  not 
generally  known.  The  exhibition  is  confined  in  a great  measure  to  represen- 
tations of  sculpture,  painting,  literature,  engraving,  telegraphy,  lithography, 
education,  inventions  of  all  kinds,  etc.,  a classification  which,  omitting 
women’s  clothing  in  all  its  branches,  gives  place  to  the  finer  kinds  of  needle- 
work, lace  work,  etc.,  thus  leaving  the  larger  portion  of  the  building  for 
the  exhibition  of  the  useful  arts. 

b There  is  also  an  addition  to  the  building  for  educational  purposes.  The 
Kindergarten,  Object  Teaching,  and  other  branches  of  education,  for  which 
women  are  specially  adapted,  will  be  here  exhibited. 

Architect — H.  J.  Schwarzmann.  Contractors — Jacob  G.  Peters  and  John 
A.  Burghen. 

West  of  this,  and  on  the  lower  slope  of  George’s  Hill  is  the 
GOVERNMENT  BUILDING, 

rivaling  some  of  the  Exhibition  buildings  in  size  and  interest.  This  con-* 
tains  the  collection,  provided  for  by  an  executive  order  of  the  President,  of 
“ such  articles  and  material  as  will,  when  presented  in  a collective  exhibition, 
illustrate  the  functions  and  administrative  faculties  of  the  Government  in  time 
of  peace,  and  its  resources  as  a war  power,  and  thereby  serve  to  demonstrate 
the  nature  of  our  institutions  and  their  adaptations  to  the  wants  of  the 
people.”  Its  preparations  has  been  entrusted  to  officers  representing  the  War, 
Treasury,  Navy,  Interior,  Post-Office  and  Agricultural  Departments,  and  the 
Smithsonian  Institute. 

T'lie  edifice  in  design  is  in  the  form  of  a cross,  the  offices  built  in  the  concavites 
of  the  angles.  The  main  stem  of  the  cross  is  480  feet  long,  and  the  cross  arms 
340  feet.  This  is  clear  of  the  entrance,  which  protrudes  10  feet  further  on 
each  end.  The  building  in  the  middle  is,  so  to  speak,  two  stories  high,  the 
upper  story  being  sided  with  windows  acting  as  sky-lights  for  the  building. 
Spans  run  clear  across  the  edifice,  supporting  the  roof  with  the  aid  of  rows  of 
■columns  built  along  what  will  be  the  main  aisle.  The  whole  design  Avhile  very 
strong,  has  the  appearance  of  lightness,  no  heavy  work  being  visible  any- 
where. In  the  middle  of  the  building,  in  the  centre  of  the  angles  of  the  cross, 
is  a dome  surmounted  by  a small  cupola,  and  this  again  by  a flag-staff.  The 


AND  CEXTEXNIAL  EXIIIBITIOX. 


139 


-doiiie  is  octagonal  in  shape  and  lighted  all  around  with  windows.  Around  it 
on  the  offices  mentioned,  as  in  the  angles,  are  four  smaller  domes  of  similar 
design.  The  prevailing  color  on  the  outside  of  the  building  is  l)rown  and 
Avood  ; the  lower  portion  or  the  main  body  of  the  structure  has  a stripe  of  red 


at  the  top , beneath  this  are  the  windows,  which  are  continuous  all  around.  Then 
comes  a broad  band  of  wood-color,  wdth  a neat  yellow  figure  placed  at  intervals 
in  it ; next  a band  of  dark-red,  and  then  the  lower  band  plain.  The  dome  is 
of  wood-color,  and  these,  with  the  black  composition-roof,  give  a subdued  but 
pleasing  effect  at  a distance.  The  prevailing  color  inside  is  wood-color,  all  the 


140 


GUIDE  OF  UIIILADELPIII A 


lower  part  bein^;  so  ; but  it  is  relieved  by  small  red  bands  interspersed  with 
neat  geometrical  figures.  The  ceilings  of  both  the  building  and  dome  are 
painted  a dark-blue.  The  main  features,  however,  are  the  sides  of  the  build- 
ing, which  are  divided  into  panels,  and  these  again  are  subdivided  into  dia- 
mond shape.  Each  panel  covers  much  space,  and  in  the  centre  of  each  of  its 
diamonds  or  lozenges  is  painted  the  emblem  of  the  Department  of  the  Govern- 
ment there  represented.  The  Agricultural  Bureau  has  a plough,  with  stalks 
of  corn  and  wheat  around  it  *,  the  Interior  Department  has  a bow  and  arrows, 
surmounted  by  a tomahawk  *,  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  the  skull  of  an  animal, 
encircled  with  a wreath ; the  Army,  by  the  lictor’s  rods  and  axe ; the  Navy, 
an  anchor  and  cable  ; the  Treasury,  a shield,  with  scales,  and  beneath,  a key  5 
and  the  Post  Office,  the  wings  of  Mercury,  a telegraph  pole  and  a letter.  The 
fisheries  are  recognized  by  a writhing  fish  impaled  with  a trident.  These  de- 
signs are  innumerable  and  are  very  pretty. 

The  main  entrance  is  quite  handsome.  It  rises  to  a peak,  and  has  an  im- 
mense window  and  circular  top.  Columns  stand  on  each  side,  resting  on  large 
pedestals,  and  in  the  columns  are  panels,  and  on  these,  in  relief,  is  a group  of 
standards,  crossed  over  a drum,  on  each  side  of  which  are  cannon-balls.  The 
doorways  of  the  main  entrance  stand  out  from  the  building,  and  are  15  feet 
high.  All  around  the  building  are  very  handsome  walks  and  flower-beds. 

To  the  north  of  the  building  is  an  edifice  known  as  the  field  hospital,  in  which 
is  shown,  as  if  in  practical  use,  every  appliance  used  for  the  sick  and  wounded. 
The  laboratory  in  which  the  explosion  at  Bridesburg  occurred  last  summer  is 
also  here,  and  in  it  is  shown  the  apparatus  used  in  determining  the  velocity  of 
bullets,  and  constant  experiments  will  be  made  during  the  Exhibition. 

THE  CENTENNIAL  POST  OFFICE. 

About  one-half  of  the  southern  transept  of  the  United  States  Government  Build- 
ing is  used  for  this  purpose,  covering  about  2,100  square  feet.  Mr.  George  W. 
F airman,  Postmaster,  who  so  ably  and  satisfactorily  manages  the  office  in  this  city, 
was  wisely  entrusted  with  the  fitting  up,  etc.  A general  working  post-office  is  in 
operation,  supplied  with  every  facility  for  the  reception  and  delivery  of  mails. 
The  fittings  are  in  walnut,  richly  paneled  with  appropriate  carvings,  emble- 
matic of  post-office  matters,  and  surmounted  by  highly  embellished  mouldings.. 
It  not  only  presents  a very  handsome  appearance,  but  will  attract  general 
attention  from  visitors,  especially  foreigners.  The  letter  boxes  which  are 
located  plentifully  about  the  grounds,  are  of  neAV  design,  and  pretty  in  appear- 
ance. The  front  is  embellished  with  gold  paneling,  the  centre  panel  orna- 
mented with  an  eagle  and  shield,  painted  in  red  and  white.  On  either  side, 
printed  in  English,  French,  German,  Spanish,  Italian,  Russian  and  Japanese, 
are  the  liours  for  the  collection  of  the  letters.  The  edges  are  gilded,  and  there 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION 


141 


is  a ribbon  of  gold  around  the  top,  on  which  is  also  inscribed  the  hours  of  the 
mail  collections.  The  boxes  (fifty  in  number)  are  mounted  on  a highly  orna- 
mented pedestal.  A neat  and  light  wagon,  in  the  style  of  a modern  drag,  de- 
signed by  Postmaster  Fairman,  is  used  for  the  conveyance  of  the  mail  to 
and  from  the  Central  Philadelphia  Office.  The  body  is  of  dark  color, 
Avith  the  “ U.  S.  Centennial  Mail”  in  gilt  letters  on  the  sides,  and  having  in 
the  centre  the  old  seal  of  the  Post-office  Department.  The  messengers 
Avear  uniform  clothing.  These  wagons  are  very  useful  as  AA^ell  as  orna- 
mental, on  account  of  their  lightness  and  adaptability  for  speed  and  the  pur- 
poses for  which  they  are  intended. 

In  close  proximity  to  the  Philadelphia  Post-office,  1,600  feet  of  space  has 
been  devoted  to  the  General  Post-office  Department  for  a display  consisting  of 
stamps,  maps,  and  other  appurtenances  of  the  establishment.  There  will  also  be 
an  envelope  machine  in  operation,  manufacturing  envelopes  and  stamps  of  a 
special  design. 

The  Government  Building  Avill  cost  $100,000,  and  the  fitting  up  $100,000 
more. 

Resting  on  the  slope  of  George’s  Hill,  betAveen  Fountain  avenue  and  the 
boundary  fence,  the  West  Point  Cadet  Cajip  Avillbe  found,  during  the  month 
of  June  or  July,  or  portion  of  each.  They  will  muster  about  three  hundred,  and 
Avill  be  well  provided  with  all  the  means  for  displaying  the  versatile  West 
Pointer’s  efficiency  as  horse,  foot  and  dragoon. 

The  United  States  GoA^ernment  have  erected  on  Belmont  avenue,  near  State 
avenue,  a Signal  and  Weather  Station,  and  near  the  end  of  Machinery  Hall  a 
Fortified  Block  House  similar  to  those  located  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

East  of  the  Jury  Pavilion  is  the  building  of  Public  Co.aifort.  This  depart- 
ment has  been  established  for  the  purpose  of  taking  care  of  articles — such  as 
overcoats,  umbrellas,  bundles,  etc. — and  for  the  general  convenience  of  the 
visitor,  a lavatory  is  provided,  a place  for  blacking  boots,  barber  shop  and 
neAVS- stand. 

On  Fountain  avenue,  betAveen  Belmont  avenue  and  the  Centennial  Fountain, 
Col.  Lienard,  of  Paris,  Avill  exhibit  Relief  Plans  of  the  cities  of  Paris,  Naples, 
Jerusalem,  and  of  Italy  and  SAvitzerland.  The  plans  give,  in  miniature,  an 
exact  representation  of  the  places  they  represent. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  HALL, 

South  of  Memorial  Hall — is  240  feet  long  by  75  feet  Avide,  and  20  feet  is  the 
height  of  the  walls.  It  is  partitioned  inside  so  as  to  make  seven  handsome 
galleries,  each  75  feet  long,  for  the  hanging  of  pictures  and  the  display  of 
photographic  appliances.  In  order  that  all  the  light  possible  may  be  obtained, 
the  roof  Avill  be  composed  entirely  of  glass.  There  are  four  entrances,  the  two 


142 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


at  the  sides  being  very  handsome.  It  has  19,000  square  feet  of  surface  for 
exhibition  purposes ; cost,  $26,000,  which  was  contributed  by  the  photo- 
graphers of  America ; and  is  devoted  exclusively  to  an  exhibition  of  American 
and  foreign  photographic  art. 

Besides  this,  there  is  another  building  on  Belmont  avenue  by  the  Centennial 
Photograph  Company  of  Philadelphia.  This  Company  has  secured  from  the 
Centennial  Commission  the  exclusive  right  of  making  and  selling  Centennial 
photo-pictures  on  the  grounds.  This  building  is  situated  on  the  east  side  of 
Belmont  avenue,  north  of  the  western  extremity  of  the  Main  Building. 

Four  Paviliox  Buildings,  extending  along  the  south  side  of  the  Main  Build- 
ing, and  between  that  and  Elm  avenue,  had  to  be  erected  to  accommodate  the  great 
demand  of  exhibitors  for  space  in  the  Main  Building.  The  dimensions  of 
each  of  these  pavilions  are  40  by  140  feet,  and  they  are  erected  in  a manner 
agreeable  to  their  parent  structure. 

On  Belmont  avenue  are  located  two  Fire  Engine  houses — one  at  the  northern 
boundary  fence,  and  the  other  near  the  east  end  of  the  Main  Building.  They 
contain  space  for  steamers,  bunks  for  firemen,  hook  and  ladder  space,  and 
stables  for  horses. 

Besides  these  buildings  there  are  many  others ; most  of  the  important  foreign 
nations  have  special  buildings  for  their  own  uSe 

THE  BRITISH  BUILDINGS, 

located  near  a grove  at  the  foot  of  George’s  Hill,  are  three  in  number.  Two 
of  them  are  in  the  style  of  architecture  of  the  sixteenth  century,  with  tile 
roofing,  and  are  surmounted  by  stacks  of  red  brick  chimneys.  One  is  in 
the  style  of  the  residence  of  a squire  of  that  period.  Nearly  every  article  en- 
tering into  the  construction  of  the  buildings  was  manufactured  in  Great  Britain. 
The  rooms  are  furnished  in  paneled  dados,  the  walls  above,  hung  with  English 
paper,  the  wood-work  stained  and  varnished,  and  the  furniture  (brought 
from  England)  throughout  is  in  harmony  with  the  style  adopted. 

Near  these  buildings*is  the  Canadian  Log  House. 

THE  JAPANESE  BUILDING, 

to  the  south-west  of  the  British  Buildings,  foot  of  George’s  Hill,  is  a two-story 
dwelling-house,  and  is  a perfect  reproduction  of  the  habitation  of  the  average 
dweller  of  Japan.  This  building  was  constructed  by  the  Japs  arrayed  in  their 
native  costume  and  attracted  considerable  attention  during  its  erection  5 no  nails 
were  used,  all  the  material  being  dove-tailed,  beveled  and  mortised,  and  fastened 
together  with  wooden  pins.  All  the  material  used  in  this  building  was  brought 
from  Japan. 


AND  CENTENNIxVL  EXHIBITION. 


143 


The  Japanese  Bazaar,  for  the  exhibition  and  sale  of  Japanese  ware  is  on 
Agricultural  avenue,  north  of  the  IMain  Exhibition  Building.  There  is  also  a 
Japanese  garden  of  one  and  a half  acres. 

SWEDISH  SCHOOL-HOUSE. 

The  government  of  Sweden  has  erected  a school-house,  near  the  Main  Exhi- 
bition Building.  The  roof  is  steep  and  overhangs  the  walls,  and  is  finished  in 
an  elaborate  manner.  The  entire  building  is  of  wood,  either  polished  or 
oiled,  and  was  brought  from  Sweden  prepared  to  be  put  together  upon  the 
grounds.  What  is  singular,  is  that  it  is  impossible,  on  the  exterior,  to  discover 
a nail  or  screw.  The  boards  are  beveled  and  so  joined  together  that  no  seams 
are  visible.  All  the  doorways  and  window-frames  are  of  a unique  pattern, 
and  show  great  taste  on  the  part  of  those  having  its  erection  in  charge.  It  is 
intended  to  keep  school  there  during  most  of  the  summer  •,  genuine  Swedish 
youths  of  both  sexes,  with  teachers,  will  be  brought  over  for  that  purpose. 

Spain  has  a very  beautiful  structure  west  of  the  Catholic  T.  A.  B.  Fountain, 
and  near  the  foot  of  George’s  Hill,  in  which  is  quartered  the  Spanish 
Engineers.  It  is  an  octagonal  structure  50  feet  in  diameter. 

The  German  Building  is  situated  near  the  intersection  of  Belmont  avenue 
and  the  old  Lansdowne  drive.  It  is  of  brick,  82  by  42  feet,  and  in  the  Ren- 
aissance style. 

Austria,  France,  Egypt,  Turkey,  Brazil,  and  several  other  countries  have 
erected  pavilions  or  buildings  that  are  ornaments  to  the  grounds  and  credit- 
able to  the  countries  they  represent. 

WORLD’S  TICKET  OFFICE. 

An  ornate  pavilion,  near  Machinery  Hall,  containing  convenient  waiting- 
rooms  for  the  use  of  visitors,  and  offices  for  the  sale  of  railroad  tickets,  hotel 
coupons,  etc.,  for  all  parts  of  the  world.  In  connection  with  this  there  will 
be  a Palestine  Camp,  containing  an  interesting  collection  of  articles  from 
that  country. 

In  addition  to  these  buildings,  many  of  the  States  have  erected  structures. 

Pennsylvania  Building — is  in  the  Gothic  style,  and  is  located  at  Belmont 
and  State  avenues.  It  has  a front  of  105  feet,  and  a depth  of  69  feet.  The 
main  entrance  will  be  in  the  centre  of  the  front,  and  this  part  of  the  buildings 
will  be  surmounted  by  a large  tower,  also  a tower  at  each  end.  Pennsylvania 
has  also  a handsome  building  erected  for  the  use  of  the  Educational  Depart- 
ment of  Pennsylvania.  The  building  is  octagonal  in  shape  and  100  feet  in 
diameter,  with  two  annexes  at  the  front  and  back,  each  40  by  20  feet  5 is  con- 
structed of  wood,  iron  and  glass,  and  furnished  with  all  necessary  accommo- 
dations. 


144 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Michigan  Building — All  the  fittings  and  endowments  are  of  Michigan 
material,  and  the  workmanship  of  Michigan  hands. 

Massachusetts  Building — is  in  the  Continental  style,  85  by  70  feet. 

Indiana  Building — is  made,  as  far  as  possible,  characteristic  of  Indiana 
homes.  It  is  constructed  of  wood  and  other  building  materials ; a frame  of 
wood  being  the  support  of  the  building  and  roof,  to  which  an  outer  wall  of 
brick,  stone,  terra-cotta  and  iron  can  be  attached.  It  is  in  the  form  of  an 
irregular  cross,  55  feet  at  its  longest  angle.  There  are  three  entrances  by 
four  broad  steps  at  the  front  and  side  porches,  and  an  open-roofed  balcony 
will  extend  from  each  side  entrance  to  the  front  entrance. 

Missouri  Building — is  a handsome  structure,  two  stories  high,  surmounted 
by  a dome,  with  a diameter  of  48  feet;  the  length  of  the  building  is  80  feet,  the 
side  wings  28  by  20  feet ; transepts  in  gallery,  each  28  by  21  feet,  opening  of 
gallery  40  feet;  height  of  each  story,  15  feet,  and  height  to  top  of  dome,  85 
feet. 

Ohio  Building — is  a very  attractive  structure,  built  of  stone,  furnished  by 
different  stone  companies  ; domestic  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  and  very 
substantial. 

Connecticut  Cottage — The  structure  is  of  the  Dutch  Colonial  style  of 
architecture,  and  is  30  feet  front  by  40  feet  deep,  with  a wing  10  feet  by  20. 
Three  sides  of  the  reception-room  are  ornamented  with  a gallery.  Opening 
into  it  is  a ladies’  toilet-room  and  a private  room  for  the  Connecticut  Com- 
missioners. The  inside  wood- work  is  chiefly  white  pine  and  smoke-stained 
wood.  The  lower  part  of  the  outside  of  the  building  is  constructed  of  scollop- 
fashioned  shingles,  and  the  upper  part  is  lathed  and  plastered.  A massive 
stone  chimney  protrudes  from  the  roof,  and  the  front  is  relieved  by  an  old- 
fashioned  porch. 

New  York — a large  and  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  State  Buildings; 
Mississippi — 40  by  30  feet;  Kansas — 132  by  132  feet — a large  and  handsome 
structure,  surmounted  by  a tower;  New  Hampshire,  50  by  50  feet;  New 
Jersey,  West  Virginia,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Arkansas,  Nevada,  Wiscon- 
sin, Maryland,  Iowa  and  California,  have  also  buildings  of  their  own. 
llegisters  will  be  kept  in  all  the  State  Buildings  for  record  of  visitors’  names, 
and  on  file,  all  the  newspapers  published  in  that  State. 

Besides  all  these  structures  a large  number  of  the  Trades  have  special 
buildings  devoted  to  the  interest  of  the  business  they  represent. 

New  England  Log  House  and  Modern  Kitchen,  on  Agricultural  avenue, 
not  far  from  Horticultural  Building;  intended  to  illustrate  the  New  England 
kitchen  of  one  hundred  years  ago  and  of  the  present  time.  Meals  will  bo 
cooked  and  served  by  young  ladies  in  appropriate  costumes. 

West  of  Machinery  Hall  is  a structure  known  as  the 


SPANISH  BUILDING. 


JAPANESE  BUILDING. 


np:\v  .iersi<:y  building 


ARKANSAS  BUILDING 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


145 


NEWSPAPER  PAVILION. 

Here  will  be  found  the  various  journals  of  the  country  on  file,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  showing  the  progress  made  in  journalism  during  the  past  one  hundred 
years. 

North  of  the  western  section  of  the  Main  Building,  is  the  Wagon  and 
Carriage  Exhibition  Building.  North  of  the  eastern  end  of  the  Main 
Building,  is  the  Vienna  Bakery,  150  by  3 25  feet. 

On  the  south  side  of  Lansdowne  valley  is  a model  of  the  railway  up  the 
side  of  Mount  Washington,  and  nearly  opposite  this,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
valley,  a model  of  a Western  Hunter’s  Camp. 

On  the  south  of  the  Main  Building,  and  fronting  Belmont  avenue,  is  the 
Centennial  National  Bank,  a structure  70  by  40  feet,  at  which  all  the  money 
received  for  admission  will  be  deposited ; buys  and  sells  foreign  coin  and 
domestic  and  foreign  exchange. 

THE  DAIRY. 

South  of  Horticultural  Hall  is  a rustic  building  with  garden  attached.  Milk, 
cream,  buttermilk,  cheese,  ice  cream,  etc.,  are  dispensed  by  girls,  dressed  as 
Swiss  peasants. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  MEDICAL  BUREAU. 

In  order  to  provide  for  any  cases  of  accident  or  sudden  sickness  which  may 
occur  among  the  large  number  of  persons  who  will  visit  the  Exposition,  a 
suitable  building  is  erected  on  Agricultural  avenue,  where  every  facility  will 
be  provided  for  the  immediate  gratuitous  relief  of  any  such  cases.  A staff  of 
medical  ofiicers  has  been  organized,  at  least  one  of  whom  will  be  on  duty  at  all 
times  when  the  Centennial  Exposition  is  open. 

On  the  grounds  are  six  very  large  restaurants,  each  capable  of  dining  about 
5,000  persons  at  one  time.  Meals  will  be  furnished — table  d’  hote,  or  a la  carte 
— at  specified  charges.  Each  has  been  constructed  with  some  idea  of  the  beau- 
tiful, with  the  grounds  surrounding  them  planted  with  flowers  and  shrub- 
bery. 

The  entire  number  of  buildings  on  the  Exhibition  Grounds  are  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty. 


146 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


MONUMENTS  ON  THE  CENTENNIAL  GROUNDS. 


THE  WITHERSPOON  MONUMENT. 

This  statue  of  the  eminent  statesman  and  divine — John  Witherspoon,  D.D 
LL.D., — is  situated  on  a slope  east  of  Memorial  Hall. 


MHTIIERSPOON  MONUMENT. 


It  is  a colossal  bronze  figure  of  12 
feet  in  height,  and  represents  Dr. 
Witherspoon  in  the  act  of  delivering 
his  speech  on  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. In  his  left  hand  is  held  his 
notes,  and  his  right  is  gracefully  ex- 
tended with  the  palm  outward.  The 
costume  is  the  citizen’s  dress  of  Colonial 
times,  and  over  the  shoulders  is  care- 
lessly thrown  the  clergymen’s  gown  or 
cloak  adopted  atGeneva.  The  expression 
is  at  once  firm  and  gentle,  every  linea- 
ment denoting  a noble  soul  united  to  rare 
courage.  The  monument  cost  $25,000. 
It  is  mounted  on  a high  pedestal  of 
Quincy  granite  *,  this  will  rest  on  a 
mound  four  feet  above  the  surrounding 
lawn ; as  this  lawn  slopes  towards 
Lansdowne  drive,  it  will  give  the  monu- 
ment a total  height  of  some  35  feet 
above  it. 

Dr.  Witherspoon  was  the  fearless 
patriot  who,  while  his  fellow-members 
of  the  Continental  Congress  were  hold- 
ing back  from  the  step  into  freedom, 
suddenly  arose,  and  by  his  magnetic 
presence  and  inspiring  words  turned 
the  tide  of  human  events  and  founded 
a nation.  He  it  was  who,  while  others 
were  halting,  pointed  to  the  unsigned 
and  still  impotent  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence and  exclaimed — “ That  noble 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


147 


instrument  on  your  table  should  be  subscribed  this  very  morning  by  every 
pen  in  the  house.  He  that  will  not  respond  to  its  accents,  and  strain  every 
nerve  to  carry  into  effect  its  provisions,  is  unworthy  the  name  of  freeman. 
For  my  own  part,  of  property  I have  some,  of  reputation  more.  That  reputa- 
tion is  staked,  that  property  pledged,  on  the  issue  of  this  contest.  And 
although  these  gray  hairs  must  soon  descend  into  the  sepulchre,  I would 
infinitely  rather  they  should  descend  thither  by  the  hands  of  the  public  exe- 
cutioner, than  desert,  at  this  crisis,  the  sacred  cause  of  my  country.” 


POSITION  OF  THE  WITHERSPOON  STATUE  ON  THE  CENTENNIAL  GROUNDS. 


The  name  of  Dr.  John  Witherspoon  is  attached  to  the  immortal  Declaration 
of  American  Independence,  and  is  the  only  clergymen’s  signature  to  be  found 
on  the  document.  It  was  doubly  appropriate,  therefore,  that  the  site  selected 
for  a monument  to  the  memory  of  such  a man  should  be  almost  within  the 
shadow  of  the  magnificent  pile  which,  for  ages  to  come,  will  mark  an  era  in 
the  marvellous  progress  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

Dr.  Witherspoon  was  a lineal  descendant  of  John  Knox;  he  was  born  in 
Haddingtonshire,  Scotland,  February  5th,  1722  ; ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
1745;  became  President  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1768;  died  near 
Princeton,  September  15th,  1794. 

STATUE  OF  WILLIAM  PENN 

is  of  bronze,  and  30  feet  in  height.  This  is  the  largest  bronze  casting  yet 
undertaken  in  America,  and  exceeded  by  but  two  in  the  world,  and  is  intended 


148 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


for  the  dome  of  the  New  Public  Buildings,  when  those  buildings  are  com- 
pleted ; for  the  Centennial  it  will  occupy  a commanding  position  on  the 
grounds.  The  model  was  executed  by  Bailey. 

THE  COLUMBUS  MONUxMENT 

near  the  intersection  of  Fountain  and  Belmont  avenues.  Erected  by  the 
Columbus  Monument  Association ; is  of  colossal  size,  represents  the  great 
Genoese  navigator — a standing  figure — the  right  hand  resting  on  a globe,  and 
the  left  holding  a chart.  An  anchor  and  rope  at  the  foot  of  the  figure  indicates 
the  occupation.  The  pedestal  is  inscribed  with  his  name  and  bas  reliefs  of  his 
landing,  the  coats-of-arms  of  America  and  Italy,  indicate  the  works  of  his  life 
and  the  spirit  of  amity  between  the  people  and  the  countries  in  which  the 
work  has  been  conceived  and  approved. 

MONUMENT  OF  RELIGIOUS  LIBERTY. 

The  design  is  a group  of  two  figures — the  one,  colossal,  eight  feet  in  height, 
stands  near  the  centre  of  the  pedestal.  It  typifies  the  Genius  of  Liberty.  It 
is  a female  figure  in  armor ; a mantle  fastened  at  the  neck  by  an  agraffe,  falls 
from  the  left  shoulder  to  the  left  foot.  The  right  breast  and  arm  are  un- 
covered. On  the  breast-plate  of  the  armor  is  wrought  the  American  shield. 
The  head  is  covered  with  the  Phrygian  cap  bordered  with  thirteen  stars.  The 
left  hand  of  the  figure,  which  holds  the  Constitution,  is  supported  by  the 
fasces.  The  other  figure  of  the  group  stands  at  the  right  side  of  the  former  ; 
it  is  a youth,  slightly  draped,  with  face  upraised  ; one  hand  of  this  figure  is 
stretched  to  heaven  and  holding  an  urn  in  wLich  burns  the  sacred  flame.  At 
the  base  of  the  group  an  eagle  is  represented,  its  talons  buried  in  a snake, 
typifying  the  destruction  of  slavery.  The  idea  conveyed  by  the  group  is 
Liberty  protecting  Religion,  and  in  the  idea,  personified  by  religion,  it  is 
intended  to  express  in  a universal  sense  the  reliance  on  a divine  power  com- 
mon to  humanity.  The  pedestal  will  be  inscribed  with  suitable  sentences 
from  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  It  was  executed  in  Rome  by  , 
Ezekial,  an  American  sculptor,  by  order  of  the  Independent  Order  of  B’nai 
Berith.  The  pedestal  and  statue  stands  20  feet  in  height.  Its  location  is  near 
the  Art  Gallery. 

THE  AMERICAN  SOLDIERS’  MONUMENT, 

a colossal  granite  statue  of  21  feet  in  height,  and  weighing  30  tons,  on  a cir- 
cular spot  of  ground  on  the  west  side  of  the  terrace  surrounding  Memorial  Hall. 

WASHINGTON  STATUE, 

on  the  east  side  of  the  same  terrace  5 cut  from  a single  block  of  marble.  The 
property  of  Mr.  Mahlon  Dickerson,  the  American  banker  of  Florence,  and 
loaned  by  him  for  the  Centennial  Exhibition 

Near  the  British  Buildings  is  a monument  15  feet  high  ; it  is  erected  to  Rev 
Richard  Allen,  first  Bishop  of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION 


149 


CENTENNIAL  FOUNTAIN, 

near  the  rear  of  Machinery  Hall,  at  the  foot  of  George’s  Hill ; is  100  feet  in 
diameter,  and  35  feet  in  exterior  height. 

A colossal  statue  of  Moses,  1 5 feet  high,  stands  upon  the  top  of  a mass  of 
rock  in  the  centre  of  a circular  basin  40  feet  in  diameter,  pointing  upwards 
to  heaven  as  the  source  of  the  great  miracle  that  has  just  been  performed,  in 
bringing  forth  water  from  the  barren  rock  by  the  stroke  of  his  wand.  The 
water  gushing  forth  on  all  sides,  falls  into  the  basin. 


CENTENNIAL  CATHOLIC  TOTAL  ABSTINENCE  FOUNTAIN. 


Four  arms  stretch  from  the  basin  in  the  shape  of  a Maltese  cross,  each  10 
feet  8 inches  in  length,  and  9 feet  wide,  terminating  in  four  circular  platforms, 
each  of  which  is  sixteen  feet  in  diameter.  Upon  these  platforms  stand  drinking- 
fountains,  12  feet  in  height,  and  8 feet  8 inches  in  diameter.  Each  fountain 
is  surmounted  by  a statue  9 feet  high.  These  statues  represent  Commodore 
Bariy — the  father  of  the  American  Navy  Archbishop  John  Carroll,  the 
patriot  priest  of  the  Revolution  ; Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  the  Catholic 
signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Father  Matthew,  the  Apostle, 
of  Temperance.  The  statues  are  constructed  of  Tyrolese  marble ; the  base 
being  of  Cockeyville  marble  and  granite. 


150 


GUIDE  OF  Dill  LA  I)  EL  PHI  A 


Around  the  circular  basin  are  seven  medallion  heads  sculptured  in  marble 
of  the  following  named  Catholic  generals  and  civilians  of  the  Revolution ; 

I.  La  Fayette,  born  in  France,  friend  and  companion  of  Washington. 

II.  INIadame  La  Fayette,  also  born  in  France,  celebrated  for  her  patriotism  and 
earnest  support  of  the  American  colonists  in  their  struggle  for  freedom. 
3.  Comte  de  Grasse,  born  in  France,  commander  of  the  French  fleet  which 
assisted  at  the  capture  of  Cornwallis,  at  Yorktown.  4.  Count  Pulaski,  com- 
mander of  Pulaski’s  Legion ; he  was  killed  at  the  attack  on  Savannah. 
5.  Col.  Stephen  Moylan,  born  in  Ireland,  aid-de-camp  to  Washington,  and  com- 
mander of  the  famous  Moylan’ s Dragoons,  a Pennsylvania  organization. 
0.  Thomas  Fitzsimons,  born  in  Ireland,  member  of  the  Colonial  Congress,  noted 
for  his  ardent  support  of  the  colonial  cause.  7.  Kosciusko,  born  in  Poland, 
distinguished  for  his  military  services  in  the  Revolution,  and  famous  in  the 
world’s  history  for  his  heroic  efibrts  to  gain  liberty  for  Poland. 

The  Fountain  is  erected  by  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  Societies  of  the 
United  States,  in  honor  of  the  Centennial  of  American  Independence.  Its 
total  cost  is  $52,000,  raised  by  voluntary  contributions,  not  a single  contribu- 
tion exceeding  one  hundred  dollars.  Sculptor — II.  Kern. 

At  the  intersection  of  Belmont  and  Fountain  avenues,  about  midway 
between  Horticultural  Hall  and  the  Catholic  Fountain,  is  an  Ice  Water 
Fountain,  for  supplying  ice  water  free  of  cost.  Erected  by  the  Grand  Divi- 
sion of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  of  Pennsylvania.  A wooden  pavilion  with 
thirteen  sides,  representing  a Greek  Temple,  25  feet  in  diameter,  and  36  feet 
high  encloses  the  fountain,  which  is  eight  feet  in  diameter,  and  surrounded  by 
a passage-way,  eight  feet  wide  *,  the  fountain  contains  26  self-acting  spigots, 
and  is  connected  with  a reservoir  under  ground,  which  is  fed  from  Belmont 
reservoir.  The  tank  holds  between  4,000  and  5,000  gallons  of  water,  furnish- 
ing an  almost  unlimited  supply  of  ice  water. 

At  this  intersection — Belmont  and  Fountain  avenues — is  also  the  Music 
Pavilion.  # 

THE  LIVE  STOCK 

display  at  the  International  Exhibition  will  be  held  from  September  1st  to 
November  10th.  Twenty-two  acres  of  ground  outside  of  the  Centennial 
grounds,  about  500  yards  distant  from  the  principal  entrance,  having  been 
secured  for  tliis  purpose.  (See  map  for  location.)  The  periods  devoted  to 
each  class  and  family  being  fifteen  days,  and  the  division  q,s  follows  • 

Horses,  mules  and  asses September  1st  to  15th. 

Horned  cattle  (all  varieties) September  20th  to  October  5th, 

Sheep,  swine,  goats  and  dogs October  10th  to  25th, 

Poultry  (all  varieties) October  28th  to  November  10th, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


151 


On  the  last  day  of  each  serial  show,  a public  auction  may  be  held,  of  such 
animals  as  the  exhibitors  may  desire  to  sell.  Animals  may  be  sold  at  private 
sale  at  any  time  during  their  exhibition.  During  the  period  of  a serial  show, 
no  animal,  even  in  the  event  of  being  sold,  will  be  allowed  to  be  definitely 
removed. 

About  half  an  hour’s  ride  from  the  Exhibition  grounds,  on  the  line  of  the 
Pennsylvania  railroad,  between  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  suitable  lands 
have  been  secured  for  the  trial  of  machinery.  Harvesting-machines,  during 
June  and  July,  and  tilling-machines,  during  September  and  October 

SPACE  OCCUPIED  BY  THE  NATIONS. 


The  space  occupied  by  the  different  nations  in  the  Main  Buildings  is  as 


follows  : 

Argentine  Bepublic., 

..  2,873 

sq.  feet. 

Italy 

..  8,167  sq 

. feet. 

Austria 

..  24,070 

u 

Japan 

,..  16,566 

’ (1 

Belgium 

..  15,358 

u 

Mexico 

..  6,504 

(1 

Brazil 

..  6,397 

u 

Netherlands 

,.  15,509 

11 

Canada 

..  24,070 

n 

Norway 

..  6,897 

(1 

Chili 

..  2,873 
7,504 

(i 

Orange  Free  State... 

..  1,057 

China 

li 

Russia 

..  11,002 

u 

Denmark 

..  1,462 

(1 

Siam 

..  2,015 

ii 

Egypt 

..  5,146 

u 

Spain  and  Colonies... 

..  11,253 

u 

France  and  Colonies. 

..  43,314 

{( 

Sweden 

..  15,358 

a 

German  Empire 

..  27,975 

{( 

Switzerland 

..  6,646 

u 

Great  Britain  and ) 

^ 99,917 

u 

Tunis 

..  2,015 

u 

British  India J 

Turkey 

..  4,895 

li 

New  South  Wales...  1 

Victoria 

South  Australia 

|-  24,070 

({ 

United  States 

..187,705 

u 

This  refers  to  the  Main  Building  only.  Most  of  the  countries  occupy  spaces 
in  the  other  principal  buildings,  and  some  have  provided  separate  buildings 
for  their  exhibits. 


EXPOSITIONS— SPACE  OCCUPIED. 

The  following  is  the  amount  of  space  occupied  by  each  one  of  the  great 
Exhibitions  of  the  world  : — Vienna,  1873,  all  courts  covered,  together  with 
machinery,  fine  arts  and  agricultural  departments,  56  5-10  acres  ; Vienna, 
1871,  no  courts  covered,  38  8-10  acres  •,  Paris,  1867,  31  acres  *,  London,  1862, 
25  6-10  acres*,  London,  1851,  23  9-10  acres*,  Paris,  1855,  22  1-10  acres  5 Lon- 
don, 1861,  without  galleries,  18  6-10acres5  New  York,  with  galleries,  4 9-10  acres 
(a  space  not  quite  equal  to  one-half  of  that  occupied  by  the  Agricultural 
Building  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  alone,)  and  Munich,  with  galleries, 
4 4-10  acres.  The  area  covered  by  each  of  the  five  principal  buildings  of  the 
Centennial  Exhibition  is  as  follows  : — Main  Building,  21 2-  acres  : Art  Gallery, 


152 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


IJ  acres;  Machinery  Hall,  14  acres;  Horticultural  Hall,  IJ  acres;  Agri- 
cultural Building,  10^  acres.  In  addition  to  these,  are  the  number  of 
smaller  buildings,  mentioned  in  preceeding  pages,  used  in  the  administration 
of  the  Exhibition,  and  the  special  buildings  erected  by  foreign  governments 
and  different  States  of  the  Union  and  various  large  industries,  making  in  all 
75  acres.  The  plans  of  the  grounds  embraces  seven  miles  of  roads  and  foot- 
walks,  all  of  them  of  a substantial  character  ; quite  a number  of  bridges  and 
summei>-houses,  etc.  There  is  a complete  system  of  mains  and  drains,  and  the 
Exhibition,  in  addition  to  being  able  to  draw  from  the  George’s  Hill  city 
reservoir,  which  is  just  outside  the  enclosure,  and  has  40,000,000  gallons 
capacity,  will  have  an  independent  source  of  supply  on  the  Schuylkill  river  ; 
pumping-engines  being  placed  there  especially  for  the  Exhibition,  which  will 
have  a daily  capacity  of 6,000,000  gallons.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  water  sup- 
ply will  be  ample ; like  steam  and  exhibition  space,  it  will  be  furnished  free  of  cost. 

THE  FOLLOWING  SPECIAL  EVENTS  OCCUR  DURING  THE  EXPOSITION: 

Centennial  ceremonies.  May  10  ; grand  ceremonies  on  the  Fourth  of  July; 
harvesting  display  in  Bucks  county,  in  June  and  July  ; trials  of  steam  ploughs 
and  tillage  implements  at  the  same  place,  in  September  and  October;  exhibi- 
tion of  horses,  mules  and  asses,  September  1 to  15;  exhibition  of  horned 
cattle,  September  20  to  October  5 ; exhibition  of  sheep,  swine,  goats  and  dogs, 
October  10  to  25,  and  the  exhibition  of  poultry,  October  28  to  November  10; 
gathering  of  the  Order  of  Good  Templars,  June  13  ; international  regatta  at 
New  York,  June  22;  yacht  regatta  on  the  Delaware,  June;  special  gathering 
of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  June  ; international  series  of  cricket  matches,  June 
and  September;  Congress  of  Authors  in  Independence  Hall,  July  2;  parade 
of  Catholic  societies  and  dedication  of  the  T.  A.  B.  Fountain,  July  4 ; parade 
of  military  organizations,  July  4 ; parade  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  August 
22;  international  rowing  regatta,  August  20  to  September  15;  international 
rifle  matches,  September ; international  medical  Congress,  September  4,  and 
on  September  20  the  parade  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 


THE  FOREIGN  NATIONS  WHICH  WILL  EXHIBIT  ARE 


Great  Britain, 

Norway, 

Chili, 

Bolivia, 

France, 

Egypt, 

Peru, 

Nicaraugua, 

Austria, 

Denmark, 

Argentine  Con- 

Colombia, 

Germany, 

Turkey, 

federation, 

Liberia, 

Belgium, 

Tunis, 

Sandwich  Islands, 

Ecuador, 

Holland, 

Switzerland, 

China, 

Orange  Free 

Sweden, 

Mexico, 

Japan, 

(Africa) 

Spain, 

Venezula, 

Australia, 

Guatemala, 

Portugal, 

Brazil, 

Canada, 

Salvador, 

Italy, 

Ilussia, 

Greece, 

Honduras, 

AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


15a 


THE  ENTRANCES. 

The  grounds  are  enclosed  and  have  thirteen  entrance  gates. 

1st.  Entrance  at  the  east  end  of  the  Main  Building.  The  main  approach 
for  carriages. 

2d.  Entrance  between  the  Main  Building  and  Machinery  Hall,  for  visitors 
by  street  cars  and  the  Pennsylvania  railroad. 

3d.  Entrance  from  George’s  Hill. 

4th.  At  the  intersection  of  Belmont  avenue  with  the  Park  Drive. 

5th.  Entrance  for  visitors  by  the  Reading  railroad,  at  their  depot. 

6th.  Entrance  in  Belmont  Valley  for  visitors  by  steamboats. 

7th.  Entrance  in  front  of  the  Grand  Conservatory. 

8th.  Entrance  for  visitors  arriving  on  the  Junction  railroad  and  by  steam- 
boats in  the  Lansdowne  Valley. 

9th.  Entrance  to  Art  Gallery. 

All  these  entrances  will  be  fitted  up  with  self-registering  turn-stiles. 

THE  SAWYER  OBSERVATORY,  NEAR  BELMONT  MANSION. 

The  Observatory  is  of  iron,  tubular  in  form,  8 feet  diameter  at  base,  and  200 
feet  high.  Its  location  is  310  feet  above  the  city  level,  giving  an  entire  height 
of  510  feet.  An  annular  car,  20  feet  in  diameter,  elegantly  upholstered, 
ascends  from  the  base  to  the  summit  of  the  Observatory,  and  from  which  a 
magnificent  view  of  the  Centennial  grounds,  Eairmount  Park  and  the  city 
is  obtained. 

CENTENNIAL  LINE, 

Narrow-gauge,  double-track  road,  inside  the  Centennial  grounds.  This  line 
is  about  six  miles  in  length,  and  is  handsomely  equipped  with  forty  palace 
cars  and  five  engines  sent  for  exhibition.  It  extends  along  the  entire  north 
front  of  the  Main  Exhibition  Building  and  Machinery  Hall,  then  southwardly 
to  the  Forty-second  street  entrance,  around  the  base  of  George’s  Hill,  by  the^ 
English  Buildings,  across  Belmont  avenue  at  the  northernmost  limit  of  the 
Exhibition  grounds,  and  along  the  slope  in  front  of  Belmont  Mansion,  making 
the  circuit'of  Agricultural  Hall,  returning  on  the  east  side  of  Belmont  avenue 
near  Horticultural  Hall,  thence  eastwardly  between  Memorial  Hall  (Art 
Gallery)  and  the  Main  Exhibition  Building  to  the  carriage  concourse  at  the; 
point  of  beginning.  Fare,  5 cents. 


154 


GUIDE  OE  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  WORLD’S  TICKET  AND  INQUIRY  BUILDING. 

COOK,  SON  & JENKINS, 

The  American  branch  of  the  celebrated  firm  of 

THOMAS  COOK  & SON,  OF  LONDON, 

TOURIST  AND  EXCURSION  MANAGERS, 

have  erected  within  the  International  Exhibition  Grounds,  on  Belmont  avenue, 
immediately  north  of  the  Machinery  Hall,  a World’s  Ticket  and  Inquiry  Ofi&ce, 
the  business  of  which  will  be  conducted,  under  the  direct  supervision  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Cook,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  by  an  experienced  staff  of 
intelligent  officials  brought  from  their  various  offices  from  different  parts  of  the 
world,  able  to  speak  any  language  likely  to  be  required,  and  to  give  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  facilities,  time  and  expense,  and  also  to  supply  the  traveling 
tickets  for  a journey  to  any  part  of  America,  Europe,  Asia  or  Africa,  or  for  a 
journey  around  the  world. 

The  American  or  Canadian  who  may  desire  to  extend  his  trip  beyond 
Philadelphia,  as  well  as  the  foreign  visitor,  who  desires  to  see  Niagara  Falls 
>or  the  St.  Lawrence  river  5 the  White  Mountains  or  the  Great  Lakes ; the 
National  Capital  or  the  wonders  of  the  West;  no  matter  how  extended  and 
■complicated  the  route  he  proposes  to  travel,  will  find  at  this  Office  Tourist 
Tickets  prepared  for  his  benefit. 

The  arrangements  include  hundreds  of  short,  pleasant  and  cheap  tours, 
embracing  all  points  of  interest,  and  every  section  of  the  country  ; all  at  special 
.and  lovr  rates.  The  tickets  present  also  the  additional  advantage,  that,  not 
being  limited  in  time,  they  permit  the  traveler  to  stop  en  route  at  pleasure. 

Tourist  Tickets  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada;  to  Great 
Britain  and  the  continent  of  Europe  ; to  Egypt  and  Palestine ; around  the 
world,  traveling  East  or  West ; by  all  lines  of  steamers  crossing  the  xVtlantic 
and  the  Pacific  oceans,  continue  to  be  sold  as  usual  at  the  regular  Philadelphia 
■Office  of  Messrs.  Cook,  Son  & Jenkins,  No.  614  Chestnut  street. 


THE  WORED's  ticket  AMJ  I.NAiUlRV  JU  JLOING. 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIi^ 


\5G 


FACILITIES  OF  ACCESS  TO  THE  EXHIBITION  GKOUNDS. 

The  location  of  the  Exhibition  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  is  about 
three  miles  from  the  centre  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  Ten  bridges  connect 
the  east  and  west  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  within  limits  that  admit  of  their 
use  in  reaching  the  Exhibition  from  the  city.  Three  of  these  are  exclusively 
for  railroads,  six  for  that  of  the  public,  and  one  for  the  joint  use  of  both.  The 
four  railroad  bridges  will  be  used  during  the  Exhibition  by  passenger  trains, 
which  will  be  run  to  it  at  short  intervals  from  distinct  and  populous  sections 
of  the  city.  The  depots  for  these  trains  are  close  to  the  Exhibition  Buildings, 
and  visitors  so  arriving,  as  in  other  cases,  will  be  admitted  through  commodi- 
ous entrances  with  little  or  no  delay. 

The  Philadelphia  system  of  street  railways  occupies,  with  but  few  excep- 
tions, all  the  thoroughfares,  and  each  road  connects  with  every  other.  From 
any  part  of  the  city,  therefore,  the  visitor  may  reach  the  Exhibition  and  re- 
turn to  within  a square  or  single  block  of  his  hotel  or  residence. 

Five  lines  of  these  city  passenger  railways  run  to  the  main  entrance  of  the 
Exhibition,  as  will  also  that  of  another  line  from  West  Philadelphia. 

By  these,  and  the  city  steam  railways,  all  direct  to  the  door  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion, a very  much  larger  number  than  were  ever  in  an  exhibition  building  at 
one  time  can  be  taken  to  or  from  the  Exhibition  without  a cab  or  carriage  to 
residences,  depots  or  hotels  in  any  part  of  the  city ; the  expense  from  any  part  of 
the  city  to  the  Exhibition  not  exceeding  nine  cents.  This  is  a feature  entirely 
novel,  and  not  connected  with  any  former  exhibition.  But  to  those  living  outside 
the  city  this  convenience  of  access  is  no  less  remarkable.  With  no  more  expense 
than  the  ordinary  cab  fare  of  the  European  exhibitions,  visitors  may  daily  visit  the 
Exhibition  and  return  in  the  evening  from  all  places  within  a radius  of  one 
hundred  miles  from  Philadelphia.  These  facts  will  prove  a source  of  astonish- 
ment not  only  to  foreigners,  but  even  to  many  of  our  own  people — a capacity 
in  the  railway  system  of  the  Philadelphia  Exhibition  now  fully  tested  and 
complete,  and  for  cheapness,  rapidity  and  comfort  for  large  numbers,  not 
approached  in  any  former  exhibitions. 

THE  CONVEYANCES  TO  THE  EXHIBITION  GROUNDS. 

The  following  City  Passenger  railways  run  direct  to  the  grounds: — Fare,  7 
cents,  or  four  tickets  for  twenty-five  cents.  Chestnut  and  Walnut  Streets, 
running  out  Walnut  street,  to  Twenty-second  street,  to  Chestnut  and 
out  Lancaster  avenue.  Market  Street  Line,  going  west.  Arch  Street  Line, 
going  west.  Race  and  Vine  Streets  Line,  going  out  Vine  street.  Girard 
Avenue  Line,  going  west ; Fourth  and  Eighth  Streets  Line  give  transfer 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


157 


passes  for  Girard  avenue,  for  the  one  fare.  All  other  city  lines  (except  Union 
and  Ridge  avenue)  going  north  and  south,  give  exchange  tickets,  good  on  the 
above  lines  at  junction,  for  9 cents. 

STEAM  RAILROADS  TO  THE  GROUNDS. 

Pennsylvania  Central  have  erected  a depot,  650  feet  long,  and  100  feet 
wide,  on  west  side  of  Elm  avenue,  opposite  the  main  entrance  to  the  Exhi- 
bition, and  will  convey  passengers  from  their  Philadelphia  depot.  Thirty- 
second  and  Market  streets,  to  the  grounds  at  very  short  intervals.  By  this 
Line  visitors  from  the  East,  West  and  South,  will  be  taken  direct  to  the  Exhi- 
bition, without  having  to  first  pass  through  Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroad — depot.  Thirteenth  and  Callowhill 
streets — have  a depot  near  the  Exhibition  grounds. 

North  Pennsylvania  Railroad  — depot,  Berks  and  America  streets,  and 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore  Railroad,  corner  Broad  and  Wash- 
ington avenue,  connect  with  Pennsylvania  Central,  thence  to  the  Exhibition 
Buildings. 

Besides  these,  there  is  the  Exhibition  Transfer  Company,  who  run  a light 
and  elegant  wagonette,  comfortably  seating  ten  passengers,  from  Ninth  and 
Chestnut  and  Broad  and  Chestnut  streets,  direct  to  the  grounds.  This  is  the 
most  pleasant  and  comfortable  way  of  reaching  the  Exhibition.  Fare  fifty 
cents. 

In  addition  to  the  facilities  of  steam  and  street  cars,  there  is  a line  of  steam- 
boats run  from  the  vicinity  of  the  Waterworks,  at  Fairmount,  near  Fairmount 
avenue,  or  Green 'Street  Entrance,  to  Belmont  Landing,  thence  about  ten' 
minutes  walk,  afibrding  a diversified  and  pleasant  route  to  the  Exhibition. 

Spruce  and  Pine  Streets,  Green  and  Fairmount  Avenue,  Race  and  Vine 
Streets  and  Callowhill  Street  railways,  also,  Fairmount  Branch  of  the  Union 
Line,  run  to  Fairmount,  near  the  Waterworks,  where  you  take  the  steamer; 
and  if  you  are  a good  pedestrian,  have  a most  delightful  walk  through  the 
Park,  crossing  the  magnificent  Girard  Avenue  Bridge,  and  out  the  Lansdowne 
drive  to  the  Centennial  Buildings — occupying  about  30  minutes. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


159 


THE  ZOOLOGICAL  GAKDEN, 

FAIR3IOUNT  PARK,  PUILADELPUIA. 

The  Zoological  Society  was  incorporated  in  1859,  and  a site  in  the  East 
Park  selected  *,  but  before  any  advance  had  been  made,  the  late  civil  war 
broke  out  and  the  project  was  laid  aside,  until  the  dark  cloud  had  passed  over. 
Then  the  site  chosen  in  the  East  Park  was  found  too  small  and  inconvenient ; 
when  the  commodious  and  beautiful  grounds  they  now  occupy  in  the  West 
Park  was  selected,  and  a perpetual  lease  given  by  the  Park  Commissioners, 
June  5,  1873.  It  covers  an  area  of  33  acres,  with  a splendid  river  front,  and 
in  every  way  well  calculated  for  the  desired  purpose.  The  Garden  was 
opened  to  the  public,  July  1,  1874.  The  Society  intends  establishing  a Zoo- 
logical Garden,  second  to  none  in  the  world,  and  we  see  no  reason  why  Phila- 
delphia, with  all  its  wealth,  enterprise  and  advantages  should  not  possess  in 
time  as  fine  a garden  as  the  famed  Zoological  Garden,  Regent’s  Park,  London  ; 
and  no  doubt  it  will,  for  the  Society  has  agents  in  every  part  of  the  world, 
from  whom  it  receives  rare  and  interesting  specimens  on  frequent  occasions. 
In  May,  1874,  Congress  passed  a bill  admitting  free  of  duty  all  beasts,  birds, 
and  reptiles  intended  for  the  Zoological  Garden.  The  sale  of  spirituous- 
liquors  have  been  forever  prohibited  inside  the  Garden.  The  Garden  is  open 
from  10  A.  M.  until  sunset  every  day,  including  Sunday.  A broad  walk  from 
Lemon  Hill  via  Girard  Avenue  Bridge  takes  you  to  the  north  entrance,  and 
turning  to  the  right  the  first  building  presented  is  the 

CARNIVORA  nOUSE, 

a pleasant  and  healthy  home  for  the  great  carnivora  and  other  animals  placed 
therein  ; not  far  from  the  Carnivora  House  is 

THE  MONKEY  HOUSE, 

a substantial,  convenient  and  ornamental  building,  erected  at  a cost  of  §7,000. 
Here  is  found 'a  large  number  of  the  quadrumana  family  of  difierent  species. 
The  crowd  of  visitors  attending  the  monkeys’  levees  is  an  evidence  that  the 
Monkey  House  is  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  of  the  Garden. 

THE  AVIARY, 

a highly  ornamental  and  convenient  structure,  and  in  which  will  be  found 
rare  and  beautiful  birds  from  all  parts  of  the  old  and  the  new  world.  The 
building  cost  about  $5,000. 

THE  FOX  PENS, 

are  west  of  the  Aviary. 


160  GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


The  Wolf  Pens,  adjoins  the  Fox  Pens  on  the  north ; The  Racoon  House, 
on  the  same  walk,  north  •,  The  Prairie  Dog  Village,  is  directly  opposite  the 
Aviary  ; The  Bear  Pits,  will  be  found  at  the  eastern  side  of  the  Garden,  on 
the  river  walk.  The  structure  is  divided  into  three  compartments,  each  having 
contrivances  for  the  pleasure  and  the  comfort  of  the  bears. 


10* 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


163 


TUE  MANSION, 

called  “Solitude,’’  was  erected  by  John  Penn,  1785.  He  was  a grandson  of 
the  founder,  William  Penn.  Many  of  the  fine  old  trees  which  now  adorn 
the  grounds  were  planted  by  his  own  hand. 


THE  LAKE, 

situated  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  grounds,  and  here  during  the  summer, 
the  swan  and  other  aquatic  birds  have  a pleasant  home.  During  the  winter 
season,  when  the  surface  of  the  Lake  is  frozen  it  is  used  for  skating. 


THE  SUN  DIAL, 

at  the  northern  gate.  By  it  the  sun  marks  the  time  at  Pekin,  Cairo,  Berlin, 
Dublin  and  Philadelphia. 


FEEDING-TIME  OF  THE  ANIMALS. 

Lions,  (except  Sundays) 4.00  P.  M. 

Tigers,  “ 4.00  “ 

Eagles,  “ 3.30  “ 

Elephants,  “ 10.00  A.  M.  and  4.30  “ 

Bhinoceros,  “ 10.00  “ and  4.30  “ 


All  others  twice  a day.  Admission,  25  cents  ; children  under  ten  years, 
10  cents. 


THE  SCHUYLKILL  NAVY 

WAS  ORGANIZED  OCTOBER  5,  1858. 

The  Boat  Houses  are  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  river,  just 
above  the  dam,  and  front  the  beautiful  river-drive,  leading 
under  the  Girard  Avenue  Bridge,  into 
East  Fairmount  Park. 

CLUBS  CONSTITUTING  THE  NAVY. 


Jas.  M.  Ferguson,  Commodore. 

UNIVERSITY  BARGE  CLUB, 

OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

Organized  April  25th,  1854.  Incorporated  March  7th,  1870, 
and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Schuylkill  Navy. 

The  Boat  House  is  built  of  Serpentine  pointed  with  Sandstone,  21  by  28 
feet,  with  INIansard  roof,  bay  window  and  balconies,  finished  inside  with 
Cypress  wood.  Cost,  $5,500.  Furniture  and  Fixtures,  $1,150.  Cost  of  Boats 
and  Oars,  $2,520.  Total  amount  invested,  $9,170. 


AND  'centennial  EXHIBITION. 


105 


UNDINE  BADGE  CLUB, 

OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

Organized  May  9tli,  1856.  Incorporated  June  12th,  1871, 
and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Schuylkill  Navy. 

The  Club  occupies  under  lease  a portion  of  the  Philadelphia  Skating  Club 
House,  which  is  built  of  Graystone,  and  is  valued  at  $12,000. 

The  Club  owns  a fine  frame  Club  House  at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  valued 
at  $2,000.  Cost  of  Boats  and  Uniforms,  $4,750.  Total  amount  invested  by 
Club,  $6,750. 

QUAKER  CITY  BARGE  CLUB. 

Organized  October  20th,  1858.  Incorporated  March  22d,  1867. 

Admitted,  October  26th,  1858.  • 

The  Boat  House  is  a two-story  stone  structure,  having  on  the  first  floor  two 
rooms  used  exclusively  for  the  storage  of  boats  and  oars,  and  on  the  second 
floor,  also,  two  rooms  5 one  used  as  a dressing  apartment,  and  the  other  as  a 
reception  room.  Cost  of  Boats  and  Oars,  $2,575.  Cost  of  House  and  Furni- 
ture, $7,500.  Total  amount  invested,  $10,075. 

PENNSYLVANIA  BOAT  CLUB. 

Organized  May,  1861.  Not  incorporated. 

Entered  the  Navy  August  17th,  1865. 

The  Boat  House  is  built  of  Micaceous  Granite,  25  by  GO’  feet,  with  Mansard 
roof  and  balcony  on  river  front,  and  is  finished  inside  with  stained  yellow 
pine.  Cost  of  Boats  and  Oars,  $2,600.  Cost  of  House  and  Furniture,  $5,500. 
Total  amount  invested,  $8,100. 

MALTA  BOAT  CLUB. 

Organized  February,  1860.  Not  incorporated. 

Entered  the  Na.vy  August  22d,  1865. 

The  Boat  House  is  two  stories  high,  and  is  built  of  Graystone.  The  boat 
floor  is  17  feet  6 inches  by  50  feet.  The  dressing  and  reception  room  on  the 
second  floor  is  17  by  32  feet,  handsomely  furnished.  Cost  of  house  and  furni- 
ture, $4,100.  Cost  of  Boats  and  Oars,  $1,900.  Total  amount  invested,  $6,000. 

PHILADELPHIA  BARGE  CLUB. 

Organized  December  8th,  1862.  Incorporated  July  13th,  1870. 

Entered  the  Navy  August  17th,  1865. 

The  Boat  House  is  built  of  Serpentine  with  Sandstone  trimmings,  21  by 
58  feet,  with  IMansard  roof,  bay  window  and  balconies.  Cost,  $5,000.  Cost 
of  Boats  and  Oars,  $2,500.  Total  amount  invested,  $7,500. 


160 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


CRESCENT  BOAT  CLUB. 

Organized  December  1st,  1867.  Incorporated  January  26th,  1874. 

Entered  the  Navy  February  3d,  1868 

The  Boat  House  is  built  of  Granite  dressed  with  Brownstone,  Gothic  style, 
two  stories  high,  25  by  60  feet.  The  second  story  is  divided  into  a dressing 
room  finished  in  oak,  trimmed  with  walnut,  and  a reception  room,  handsomely 
furnished.  Cost  of  house  and  furniture,  $4,500.  Cost  of  Boats  and  Oars, 
$3,000.  Total  amount  invested,  $7,500. 

WEST  PIIILADELPHIxV  BOAT  CLUB. 

Organized  April  7th  1871.  Incorporated  March  4th,  1873. 

Entered  the  Navy  April  3d,  1873. 

The  Boat  House  is  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  river,  near 
Gray’s  Ferry  Bridge.  Total  amount  invested,  $4,200. 

COLLEGE  BOAT  CLUB 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Organized  September  30th,  1872.  Incorporated  October,  1875. 

Entered  the  Navy  April  4th,  1875. 

The  Boat  House  is  built  in  the  Gothic  style,  of  Brownstone,  two  stories 
high,  26  by  66  feet,  height  43  feet.  The  second  story  is  a clear  loft,  21 
feet  high,  with  carved  rafters,  and  is  divided  into  parlor  and  members’  room, 
both  of  which  are  furnished  in  a costly  manner.  Cost  of  house,  $8,000.  Cost 
of  Boats  and  Fittings,  $1,539.  Total  amount  invested,  $9,539 

INTERNATIONAL  ROWING  REGATTA. 

Among  the  Athletic  sports  that  will  be  held  during  the  Exhibition  will  be 
a series  of  boat  races  on  the  Schuylkill  river,  a broad,  beautiful  stream,  gener- 
ally acknowledged  among  rowing  men  as  one  of  the  finest  rowing  courses  in 
America,  having  high  banks  on  each  side  and  in  full  view  of  the  Exhibition 
Buildings. 

The  races,  while  under  control  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
are  under  the  local  management  of  the  Schuylkill  Navy. 

The  Schuylkill  Navy  has  given  a number  of  open  regattas  •,  and  from  its 
past  record  and  the  experience  of  its  memljcrs  in  conducting  races,  we  have 
abundant  guarantee  that  this  scries  of  regattas  in  1876  will  be  most  successful. 

The  Schuylkill  Navy,  besides  furnishing  quarters  for  the  boats  of  visiting 
crows  in  their  own  boat  house,  will  erect  temporary  boat  houses  in  the 
Park,  and  will  thus  be  enabled  to  accommodate  all  who  may  accept  their  invi- 
tation to  take  part  in  the  races. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


167 


Arrangements  have  been  made  to  hold  the  following  races  : 

F iRST — An  International  Race  will  be  held,  open  to  all  regular  organized  boat 
<;lubs  throughput  the  world,  to  be  rowed  in  accordance  with  the  rules 
of  the  National  Amateur  Rowing  Association  of  the  United  States;  the 
prizes  to  be  a piece  of  plate  each  for  fours,  for  pairs,  for  doubles  and  for 
single  sculls ; and  in  addition,  medals  to  be  presented  to  each  man  rowing  in 
the  race,  to  be  of  gold  for  the  winning  crew,  for  the  second  crew  of  silver,  and 
the  remainder  of  bronze. 

Second — An  International  College  Race  for  four-oared  shells,  will  be  held, 
the  prize  to  be  a piece  of  plate,  with  a gold  medal  to  each  member  of  the 
winning  crew  ; open  only  to  under  graduates.  ♦ 

Third — An  International  Graduates’  Race  will  be  held  for  four-oared  shells, 
open  only  to  graduates  of  Colleges  or  Universities  ; the  prize  being  a piece  of 
plate,  and  a gold  medal  to  each  member  of  the  winning  crew. 

No  person  will  be  allowed  to  row  in  both  the  International  College  Race 
and  International  Graduates’  Race. 

Fourth — Professional  Races  will  be  held,  open  to  all  crews  throughout  the 
world,  for  four-oared,  pair-oared  and  single  scull  shells  for  purses,  the  amounts 
of  which  will  be  announced  prior  to  the  races. 

The  races  will  be  held  between  the  20th  of  August  and  the  15th  of  Sep- 
tember, and  the  entries  shall  be  closed  on  July  15th. 

The  Amateur  Races  will  be  rowed  in  heats  one  and  a half  miles  straight-a 
way.  The  Professional  Races  will  be  rowed  in  heats  of  three  miles,  one  and 
u half  miles  and  return. 

Besides  the  above  prizes,  the  “Jury  on  Rowing”  of  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  who  will  have  an  oversight  of  all  the  races,  will  award 
the  Diploma  and  Medal  of  the  Commission  to  the  victors. 

The  National  Amateur  Rowing  Association  will  hold  their  annual  regatta 
over  the  same  course  (the  National)  either  previous  to  or  immediately  after 
the  above  International  races. 

The  designs  for  the  prizes  have  been  decided  upon  by  the  Mayor,  Commo- 
dore Ferguson,  and  others  of  the  sub-committee.  The  several  medals  are  to  be 
of  gold,  silver  and  bronze.  The  gold  one  is  for  the  winning  crew  ; silver  for 
the  second  in  the  race,  and  the  bronze  for  all  the  participants.  The  medals 
will  be  circular  in  form,  and  in  the  centre  in  has  relief,  will  be  a single-scull 
oarsman  pulling ; over  him  is  a scroll,  and  the  outer  edge  contains  thirteen 
stars.  The  reverse  is  plain.  Attached  to  the  medals  will  be  a pendant  loop 
of  quite  a pretty  design.  The  diamond  badge,  for  winners  of  single  shell 
Taces,  has  upon  it  the  Schuylkill  Navy  flags  carved  and  surmounted  by  a 
scroll.  Below,  in  the  centre,  is  the  monogram  of  the  navy,  in  a shield,  sur- 
mounted by  bent  sculls  entwined  with  laurel  leaves.  A pedestal  has  raised 


1G8 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


devices  of  a rudder  and  foot-board,  and  below  this,  in  bas  relief,  is  a rower  in 
a single-shell.  The  bottom  of  the  badge  is  composed  of  crossed  oars,  with  a 
lantern  and  a scroll  depending  therefrom.  For  the  pair-oared  race  the  prize 
will  be  a magnificent  punch-bowl ; the  top  is  embellished  with  the  figures  of 
two  oars-men  stripped  and  each  holding  aloft  on  oar ; on  the  sides  are  the 
heads  of  eagles  thrust  through  laurel  wreaths,  and  on  the  sides  are  wreaths, 
with  boat-hooks  and  palm  leaves  5 the  base  is  of  ebony  and  decorated  with 
festoons,  rosettes,  and  laurel  leaves  ; on  the  reverse  side  is  a space  for  engrav- 
ing the  name  of  the  winner.  For  the  graduates’  race  the  prize  is  a large  vase ; 
on  the  sides  at  the  bulb  are  the  figures  of  herons  about  devouring  frogs  ; on 
the  sides  are  the  letters  “1.  H.  R.” — International  Rowing  Regatta;  there 
are  within  a shield  flanked  by  oars,  over  which  is  a scroll  containing  the 
figures  “ 1776 — 1876;”  the  shank  rests  upon  the  arch  of  a bridge,  through 
which  is  passing  a four-oared  shell,  vigorously  pulled  by  the  crew  ; all  rests 
upon  a base  which  represents  the  water  of  a river.  For  the  double-scull  race 
a simple,  but  pretty,  prize  was  adopted.  It  represents  two  oarsman  ready  for 
work,  and  carrying  their  boat  down  to  the  water  and  their  oars  on  their 
shoulders.  On  the  base  is  a blank  for  an  appropriate  inscription.  For  the 
college  regatta  the  prize  is  contributed  by  George  W.  Childs,  Esq.,  of  the 
Public  Ledger,  and  comprises  a tureen  of  magnificent  design,  the  upper  part 
being  embellished  with  the  heads  of  eagles.  The  tureen  rests  on  a shank  consist- 
ing of  a silver  globe,  flanked  by  four  oars.  The  globe  rests  on  two  columns 
for  side  supports,  and  a representation  of  old  Independence  Bell  for  the  centre 
support.  The  Bell  has  on  it  the  United  States  coat-of-arms,  and  the  columns 
the  coats-of-arms  of  England  and  Ireland.  On  the  lid  of  the  tureen  is  a figure 
of  Victory.  For  the  international  four-oared  shell  race  is  also  a handsome 
tureen,  having  on  its  sides  views  of  the  Schuylkill.  The  top  is  a representa- 
tion of  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  surmounted  by  the  statue  of 
America.  The  shank  has  the  flags  of  all  nations,  in  colors  entwined  around 
it,  and  base  is  of  marble  of  different  colors. 


REGATTA  COMMITTEE. 


A.  Kkumbharr,  Philadelphia  Barge  Cluh^ 
Ex.  Committee  Nat.  Association  Chairm’n. 
E.  S.  Miles,  University  Barge  Club. 

W.  R.  Tucker,  Undine  Barge  Club. 

G.  W.  Parker,  (Quaker  City  Barge  Club,  Ex. 
Committee  National  Association. 


F.  W.  Murphy,  Pennsylvania  Barge  Club. 
Isaac  Bedichimer,  Malta  Boat  Club. 

H.  R.  Barnhurst,  Crescent  Boat  Club. 

H.  V.  Stillwell,  West  Philadelphia  Boat 
Club. 

Dr.  Daniel  Bray,  College  Boat  Club. 


Jonathan  Gillingiiaai,  Secretary. 


James  M.  Ferguson,  Commodore. 
John  Hocklev,  Jr.,  Vice  Commodore* 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


1G9 


CEMETERIES. 


In  or  about  Philadelphia,  we  have  very  many  beautiful  and  magnificent  “cities 
of  the  dead.”  We  shall  speak  of  a few  of  the  more  prominent  ones,  and  can 
assure  the  stranger  that  a visit  to  them  will  be  a source  of  gratification. 

LAUREL  HILL  CEMETERY. 

“ Oh,  bury  me  where  flowers  grow, 

Birdies  sing,  and  waters  flow.” 

If  the  above  writer’s  prayer  could  be  consuinated.  Laurel  Hill  would  surely 
be  the  spot,  and  if  any  place  selected  as  a resting-place  for  the  dead  be  relieved  of 
its  solemn  or  painful  emotions.  Laurel  Hill  can  certainly  be  claimed  as  pos- 
sessing that  charm. 


SCENE  IN  LAUREL  HILL  CEMETERY. 


Nothing  can  be  more  romantic  and  lovely  than  a trip  to  Laurel  Hill  in  one 
of  the  little  Fairmount  steamers  up  the  Schuylkill,  gliding  gracefully  under- 
neath the  picturesque  bridges,  passing  its  green  little  islets,  and  arriving  at 
the  marble-studded  heights  which  crown  the  home  of  the  dead.  Here  rest 
the  remains  of  distinguished  soldiers,  statesmen,  divines  and  civilians — 


ENTRANCE  TO  WEST  LACKEE  HI  1,1;  CEMETEKV. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION, 


171 


General  Hugh  Mercer,  a hero  of  Princeton  ; General  George  Mead,  the  hero 
of  Gettysburg;  General  Frank  Patterson,  General  Chas.  F.  Smith,  Commo- 
dore Isaac  Hull,  of  frigate  Constitution  fame ; John  Fitch,  the  inventor  of  the 
steamboat ; Dr.  Kane,  the  great  Arctic  explorer,  and  many  others  of  note. 

The  main  entrance  is  from  Kidge  avenue,  through  a building  of  brown  stone, 
having  a splendid  corridor  of  Doric  columns. 

At  the  entrance  the  visitor  finds  himself  viewing  a scene  of  loveliness.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  sloping  on  the  western  side  to  the  Schuylkill ; the  ex- 
tensive grounds  being  beautifully  laid  out,  and  covered  with  a forest  of 
marble  and  granite  shafts ; the  most  elaborate  and  magnificent  monuments. 
Just  inside  the  gate  is  Thom’s  celebrated  group  of  “ Old  Mortality.”  The 
grounds  is  divided  into  three  sections,  known  as  North,  South  and  Central 
Laurel  Hill.  Laurel  Hill  Cemetery  Company  was  incorporated  in  1835  ; 
the  first  interment  being  made  October,  1836.  There  are  about  twenty-five 
thousand  persons  buried  in  it. 

WEST  LAUREL  HILL, 

on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  about  a mile  above,  and  a newer  cemetery 
than  Laurel  Hill.  It  is  on  a bluff  projecting  into  the  Schuylkill  river,  above 
which  it  rises  225  feet ; at  this  great  elevation  views  of  remarkable  beauty  are 
obtained  on  the  eastern  river  front,  reaching  up  the  valley  of  the  Schuylkill  to 
Flat  Rock  dam,  and  down  the  river  to  Chamouni  and  Laurel  Hill. 

West  Laurel  Hill  is  the  latest  cemetery  connected  with  the  city,  being 
incorporated  November,  1869.  At  present  it  contains  one  hundred  and 
ten  acres  ; but  the  charter  permits  its  increase  to  three  hundred  acres. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Laurel  Hill  are  situated  a number  of  smaller  cemeteries — 
Mount  Vernon,  Glenwood,  Mount  Peace,  and  several  society  cemeteries  ; and 
some  important  ones  situated  in  parts  which  have  still  a rural  aspect.  Monu- 
ment Cemetery,  situated  at  Broad  and  Berks  streets,  founded  in  1837,  is 
remarkable  for  a splendid  granite  monument  to  the  joint  memories  of 
Washington  and  La  Fayette ; Mount  Moriah  Cemetery  on  Kingsessing  avenue, 
West  Philadelphia,  is  very  large  and  has  great  natural  and  artificial  attrac- 
tions. Cathedral  Cemetery,  the  burying  ground  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
denomination,  located  at  Forty-eighth  street,  near  Girard  avenue.  West 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  43  acres,  and  contains  many  elegant  monuments. 

WOODLAND  CEMETERY, 

situated  on  the  Darby  road  and  Thirty-ninth  street,  fronting  the  Schuylkill 
river,  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  burying  grounds  of  the  city.  Some  of  the 
most  magnificent  and  imposing  monuments  Avill  be  found  here.  Here  is  buried 
Lieutenant  John  T.  Greblc,  the  first  officer  of  the  regular  army  to  fall  in  the 
late  war. 


172 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


SCENE  IN  WOODLAND  CEMETERV, 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


173 


INDIAN  ENCAMPMENT. 

On  a reservation  in  the  Centennial  Grounds,  at  the  foot  of  George’s  Hill, 
near  the  Japanese  building,  vrill  be  found  one  of  the  most  interesting  features 
of  the  Exhibition — the  Indian  Encampment.  Here  will  be  found  over  300 
aborigines  representing  53  tribes,  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  famous 
Texan  guide  and  scout,  George  Anderson.  Every  tribe  is  represented  by  from 
four  to  eight  persons  ot  different  ages  and  both  sexes,  and  in  order  that  the 
original  inhabitants  of  America  may  appear  at  their  best,  only  the  very  best 
families  have  been  selected  for  the  Exhibition.  Many  of  the  visitors  from  th 
frontier  are  the  chiefs  of  tribes  and  their  families.  Mobile  almost  all  the  others 
are  persons  distinguished  for  deeds  of  daring,  perfection  of  form  and  feature, 
or  the  possession  of  other  rare  gifts  or  attainments.  The  red-skinned  guests 
are  in  other  words,  the  creme  de  la  creme  of  Indian  society.  A number  of 
lodges,  utensils,  weapons  of  warfare,  implements  of  agriculture  and  manufac- 
ture were  brought  by  the  Indians  ; as  were  also  a large  number  of  ponies  and 
dogs.  They  will  carry  on  their  various  occupations,  including  the  weaving  of 
blankets  and  belts  •,  the  method  of  dressing  buffalo,  and  other  skins  •,  the 
manufacture  of  pottery  5 construction  of  stone  implements,  and  the  making  of 
moccasins,  baskets,  ornaments,  etc.  Among  those  represented,  are  the  W arm 
Spring  braves — Charlie,  a half-brother  of  Scar-faced  Charlie  ; Clamtaskina, 
chief  of  the  tribe,  and  his  daughter,  Jennie,  aged  17  ; Aska,  a Comanche 
brave-,  Telia  (Spring),  chief  of  the  Kiowas,  and  his  daughter,  Kotella  (Bud- 
ding Spring)  5 Running  Water,  a Pawnee  brave ; Tontonqua,  a Pawnee 
brave;  Walking-water  Bill,  a Pawnee,  one  of  the  very  few  full-blooded 
Indians  who  can  wear  a moustache  and  beard  ; Buffalo  Hump,  chief  of  the 
Comanches ; Fire-water  Jim,  the  Comanche  brave,  who  prevented  a general 
massacre  between  Brownsville  and  Eagle  Place,  by  carrying  the  news  to  Fort 
Sill,  and  several  others  from  the  Arrapahoe,  Piute  and  Apache  tribes.  The 
two  princesses  accompanying  the  party,  are  pretty,  modest,  intelligent,  and  in 
these  respects  evidence  the  vast  difference  which  exists  between  women  of  the 
higher  and  lower  grades  of  Indians  of  the  present.  One  great  peculiarity 
which  marks  them  distinct  from  all  other  races  is — that  they  never  express, 
either  by  word  or  sign — amazement,  admiration,  or  disappointment ; they  note 
every  detail  at  a glance,  but  never  show  by  outward  sign  the  effect  which 
strange  scenes  produce  upon  their  minds.  Anything  which  pleases  them  they 
survey  critically  and  pronounce  it  ‘‘good.” 

A few  words  concerning  the  peculiar  history  of  their  guide  and  interpreter, 
George  Anderson,  may  not  here  be  out  of  place.  He  was  born  and  raised  at 
Sherman,  Texas,  where  lie  became  expert  in  all  the  athletic  requirements  of 
his  wild  companions,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Terry’s 


174 


GUIDE  or  PHILADELPHIA 


8th  Regiment,  known  as  the  Texas  Rangers.  When  General  Grant  captured 
Fort  Sill  in  1862,  Anderson’s  cousin,  Charlie,  was  mortally  wounded  in  the 
fight,  and  as  George  refused  to  desert  him,  he  was  taken  prisoner.  Some 
weeks  afterwards  General  Grant’s  favorite  horse  broke  away,  and  would  have 
been  lost  had  not  Anderson  mounted  the  fleetest  steed  at  the  fort,  and,  dash- 
ing over  the  plains,  captured  the  runaway  with  his  lasso.  Of  this  excellent 
opportunity  to  escape  Anderson  did  not  take  advantage,  and  upon  returning 
the  horse  to  the  General,  he  was  permitted  to  go  back  to  his  regiment.  At  the 
close  of  the  war,  Anderson  applied  to  General  Mitchell,  of  Fort  Sill,  for  a 
position  as  guide  and  scout  for  the  Government,  and  his  application  was 
forwarded  to  General  Grant,  who  replied:  “Give  him  anything  he  wants.” 
Since  that  time  George  has  been  regularly  employed  by  the  Government ; his 
territory  extending  from  Brownsville,  Texas,  to  Chiwawa,  New  Mexico;  and 
in  hundreds  of  instances  his  coolness,  daring  and  thorough  familiarity  with 
the  country  has  proved  of  the  greatest  advantage.  He  will  remain  in  Phila- 
delphia until  the  close  of  the  Exhibition,  when  he  will  accompany  the  tribes 
under  his  charge  back  to  their  western  homes. 


PHILADELPHIA  CITY  PASSENGER  RAILWAY  DIRECTORY. 


Single  Fare,  7 cents ; 4 Tickets,  25  cents  ; (these  Tickets  are  good  on  all 
roads)  ; Children  under  ten  years,  4 cents  : Exchange  Ticket,  9 cents. 

Exchange  Tickets  are  sold  by  all  conductors  (except  those  of  the  Union 
and  Ridge  Avenue  Lines)  ; so  that  a person  going  north  or  south  can  ex- 
change with  a car  going  east  or  west  (or  vice  versa)  and  thereby  go  from  one 
portion  of  the  city  to  almost  any  other  portion  for  9 cents. 

All  roads  having  Branch  Lines  give  transfer  tickets  without  extra  charge. 

Night  cars  are  run  on  the  Chestnut  and  Walnut  streets,  Tenth  and  Eleventh 
streets.  Thirteenth  and  Fifteenth  streets,  and  Union  Lines,  after  midnight.  The 
Market  street  line  also  run  cars  from  West  Philadelphia  depot,  upon  arrival  of 
trains  after  midnight.  Fare,  10  cents,  or  two  tickets;  no  exchange  tickets 
sold,  or  taken,  on  night  cars. 

Some  of  the  lines  run  cars  (for  short  distances)  on  the  tracks  of  other  lines, 
so  that  persons  should  be  careful  and  take  the  right  car,  which  can  be  done 
with  a little  observation,  as  all  the  cars  of  the  different  roads  are  plainly 
marked. 

The  following  are  the  names  and  routes  of  the  different  lines : 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


175 


Arch  Street  P.  R.  W.  Co.— Yellow  car,  green 
— Route — Down  Hamilton  to  Twenty- 
filth,  to  Spring  Garden,  to  Twentieth,  to  Arch, 
to  Second,  returning  up  Arch  to  Twenty-first, 
to  Callowhill,  to  depot,  and  out  to  Centennial 
Buildings. 

Chestnut  and  Walnut  Streets— Phila- 
delphia City  P.R.W.  Co.— Green  car,  red  light. 
Route — From  depot  Forty-second  street,  down 
Chestnut  to  Front,  to  Walnut,  to  Twenty- 
second,  to  Chestnut,  to  depot,  corner  Forty- 
second. 

Fairmount  Park  Branch.— Yellow  car,  ma- 
roon light.  Route — Down  Belmont  av.  to  Lan- 
caster av.,  to  Thirty-second,  to  Chestnut,  to 
Front,  to  Walnut,  to  Twenty-second,  to  Chest- 
nut, to  Thirty-second,  to  Lancaster  av.,  to 
Belmont  av..  to  depot  and  Centennial  grounds. 

Darby  Branch. — Red  car,  white  light. 
Route — Down  Darby  rd.,  to  Woodland  av.,  to 
Chestnut,  to  Front,  to  Walnut,  to  Twenty- 
second,  to  Chestnut,  to  Woodland  av.,to  Darby 
rd.,  to  Darby. 

Mount  Moriah  Branch. — Blue  car,  white 
light.  Route— Same  as  Darby  Branch  as  far  as 
Mount  Moriah. 

Callowhill  Street— People’s  P.  R W.Co. 
Yellow  car.  Route — From  Park  entrance  to 
Biddle,  to  Twenty-fourth,  to  Callowhill,  to 
Front,  to  Vine,  to  Delaware  av.,  returning 
alongVine,  to  York  av.,  to  Callowhill,  to  Schuyl- 
kill River  and  Park  entrance. 

Centennial  Line  (West  End  P.  R.  W.  Co.) — 
Narrow-gauge  double  track  road,  inside  the 
Centennial  Grounds.  This  line  is  about  six 
miles  in  length  and  is  handsomely  equiped 
with  forty  palace  cars  and  five  engines,  sent  for 
exhibition. 

It  will  extend  along  the  entire  north  front 
of  the  Main  Exhibition  Building  and  Machi- 
nery Hall,  thence  southwardly  to  the  Fifty- 
second  street  entrance,  around  the  base  of 
George’s  Hill,  by  the  English  Buildings,  across 
Belmont  avenue  at  the  northernmost  limit  of 
the  Exhibition  Grounds  and  along  the  slope 
in  front  of  Belmont  Mansion,  making  the  cir- 
cuit of  Agricultural  Hall,  returning  on  the 
east  side  of  Belmont  avenue  near  Horticultural 
Hall,  thence  eastwardly  between  Memorial 
Hall  (Art  Gallery)  and  the  Main  Exhibition 
Building  to  the  carriage  concourse  at  the  point 
of  beginning.  Fare  five  cents. 

Eighteenth  & Twentieth  Sts. — Continen- 
tal P.  R.  W.  Co. — From  Montgomery  av.,  and 
Eighteenth,  up  Montgomery  av.  to  Twentieth, 
to  Ridge  av.,  to  South  College  av.,  to  Corinthian 
av.,  to  Parrish,  Twentieth,  to  Federal,  to  Eigh- 
teenth, to  Francis,  to  Perkiomen,  to  Vineyard, 
to  Ridge  av.,  to  Eighteenth,  to  depot  at  Mont- 
gomery av.  The  charter  of  the  company 
authorizes  it  to  build  several  branch  roads. 

Fifth  and  Sixth  Streets,  Frankford  & 
Southwark  P.  R. W.  Co.— Y ellow  car,  red  light. 
Route— Down  Kensington  av.,  to  Front,  to 
Berks,  to  Sixth,  to  Jackson  to  Fifth,  up  Fifth, 
1 o Berks,  to  Front,  to  Kensington  av.,  to  depot, 
corner  Cumberland.  , 

Lehigh  Avenue  and  Powell  Street 
Branch. — Green  car,  green  light.  Route — Up 
Kensington  av.  to  Lehigh  av.,  to  Sixth,  down 
Sixth  to  Powell,  to  Fifth,  up  Fifth  to  Lehigh 
av.,  to  Kensington  av.,  to  depot. 


Frankford  Steam  Line. — Branch  of  Fifth 
and  Sixth.  Down  Frankford  street  to  Kensing- 
ton av.,  to  Cumberland,  to  depot  and  return. 

Fourth  & Eighth  Streets — Germantown 
P.  R.  W.  Co. — Yellow  car,  green  light.  Route 
— Down  Dauphin,  to  Germantown  av.,  to 
Fourth,  to  Dickinson,  to  Eighth,  up  Eighth  to 
Columbia  av.,  to  Seventh,  to  Susquehana 
av.,  to  Eighth,  to  depot.  Eighth  and  Dau- 
phin. Each  alternate  car  turns  up  Walnut  to 
Eighth. 

Germantown  Branch. — Yellow  car,  green 
light.  Route — From  Dauphin  up  Eighth  to 
Germantown  av.,  to  Germantown,  and  return^ 

Green  & Coates  P.  R.  W.  Co. — Green  car, 
red  light.  Route — From  entrance  of  Park 
down  Fairmount  av.  to  Twenty-second,  to 
Green,  to  Fourth,  to  Dickinson,  to  Eighth,  up^ 
Eighth  to  Fairmount  av.,  to  the  Park.  Each 
alternate  car  turns  up  Walnut. 

Delaware  River  Branch.— Green  car,  red 
light.  Route — Up  Beach  to  Fairmount  av.,  to 
Eighth,  returning  down  Fairmount  av.  to 
Fourth,  to  Green,  to  Beach. 

Girard  Avenue  P.  R.  W.  Co.— Yellow  car 
red  light.  Route — Along  Girard  av.  to  Palmer, 
to  Beach,  to  Shackamaxon,  to  Girard  av.,  to 
Elm  av.,  to  the  Centennial  Buildings  at  Bel- 
mont av.,  returning  over  the  same  route. 

Lombard  and  South  Street  P.  R.  W.  Co. — 
Yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — Down  Lombard 
to  Front,  to  Dock,  to  Delaware  av.,  returning 
up  Dock  to  Front,  to  South,  to  depot,  corner 
Twenty-fifth  and  South. 

Southern  Branch. — Red  car,  green  light. 
Route— From  depot.  Thirteenth  and  Snyder 
av.,  down  Snyder  av.  to  Twelfth,  to  Dickin- 
son, to  Eighth,  to  Christian,  to  Fifth,  to  Lom- 
bard, to  Fourth,  to  South,  to  Passyunk  av.,  to 
Mifflin  to  Twelfth,  to  Snyder  av.,  to  Broad. 

Market  Street— West  Philadelphia  P.  R. 
W.  Co. — Yellow  car,  red  light.  Route— From 
depot.  Forty-first  and  Haverford  av.,  down 
Forty-first  to  Market,  to  Front.  Returning 
over  same  route  to  the  depot. 

Centennial  Building  Branch.— Blue  cars, 
red  light.  Route — Concourse,  Belmont  and 
Elm  avs.,  down  Elm  av.  to  Fortieth,  to  Market, 
to  Front,  returning  on  Market  to  Forty-first, 
to  Elm  av. 

Haddington  Branch— Green  car,  green 
light.  Route — From  Front  out  Market  to. 
Forty-first,  to  Haverford  av.,  to  Sixty-seventh, 
returning  to  Sixty-fifth,  to  Vine,  to  Haverford 
av.,  to  Forty-first,  to  Market,  to  Front. 

Mana  YUNK  & Roxborough  Inclined  Plane 
P.  R.  W.  Co.— Route— Ridge  av.  from  Barren 
Hill  to  Wissahickon  Station  on  the  Norris- 
town branch  of  Reading  R.  R.,  and  return. 

Race  and  Vine  Streets — Heston ville, 
Mantua  & Fairmount  P.R. W.Co.— Yellow  car, 
red  light.  Route — Down  Lancaster  av.  to  Hav- 
erford av.,  to  lower  deck  of  Fairmount  bridge, 
to  Callowhill,  to  Twenty-second,  to  Race,  to 
Second,  to  Walnut,  to  Dock,  to  Third,  to  Vine, 
to  Twenty-Third,  to  Spring  Garden,  to  upper 
deck  of  Fairmount  bridge,  to  Spring  Garden, 
West  Philadelphia,  to  Lancaster  av.,  to  Bel- 
mont av.,  to  Centennial  Buildings.  Depot, 
Forty-third  and  Lancaster  av. 


176 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


Hestonvillk  Branch— Green  car,  red  light 
Boute — Out  Lancaster  av.,  to  Fifty-second,  and 
return  to  depot  at  Forty-third  by  same  route. 

Ridge  Avenue  P.  R.  W.  Co.— Yellow  car,  red 
light.  Route — Down  Ridge  av.,  to  Tenth,  to 
Arch,  to  Second,  returning  up  Arch  to  Ninth, 
to  Ridge  av.,to  depot,  Thirty-second  and  Ridge 
av.,  opposite  East  Park  entrance. 

For  Manayunk. — Yellow  car  with  blue  flag 
and  red  light,  leaves  Third  and  Arch  every  fif- 
teen minutes  during  the  summer  for  Mana- 
yunk, via  Ridge  av.,  without  change  of  cars. 
In  January,  February  and  March  the  cars  run 
to  Manayunk  from  the  depot  every  twenty 
minutes. 

Second  & Third  Streets  P.  R.W.  Co,— White 
car,  green  light.  Route— Down  Frankford  av., 
to  Jefferson,  to  Second,  toMiffiin,  to  Third,  to 
Germantown  av.,  to  Oxford,  to  Front,  to  Amber, 
to  dexjot. 

Frankford  Branch. — White  car,  red  flag, 
green  light.  Route— Up  Frankford  av.,  to 
Paul,  to  stand  at  Arrojt  street.  Returning 
down  Main,  to  Frankford  av.,  to  depot,  cor. 
Lehigh  av. 

North  Penn  Branch. — Green  car,  orange 
light.  Route — Down  Frankford  av.,  to  Hunt- 
ingdon, to  Coral,  to  Cumberland,  to  Emerald, 
to  Dauphin,  to  Second,  to  Dock,  to  Third,  to 
Germantown  av.,  to  Oxford,  to  Third,  to  Berks, 
to  Second,  to  York,  to  Coral,  to  Cumberland,  to 
Amber,  to  depot, 

Richmond  Branch.— Red  car,  red  light. 
Route — Up  Lehigh  av.,  to  Richmond,  to  Frank- 
ford av.,  to  Manderson,  to  Beach,  to  Laurel,  to 
Delaware  av.,  to  Fairmount  av.,  to  Second,  to 
Dock,  to  Third,  up  to  Brown,  to  Beach,  to  Man- 
derson, to  Frankford  av.,  to  Girard  av.,  to 
Norris,  to  Richmond,  to  Lehigh  av.,  to  depot, 
cor.  Edgemont. 

Bridesburg  Branch. — White  car,  white 
light.  Route— Up  Lehigh  av.,  to  Richmond,  to 
Bridge,  to  W'ashington.  Returning  over  same 
route  to  dejjot. 

Front  Street  Branch. — White  car.  Route 
— Fairmount  av.,  down  New  Market,  to  Vine, 
to  Front,  to  Chestnut.  Returning  over  same 
route. 

Allegheny  Avenue  Branch. — Yellow  car, 
white  light.  Route — From  Lehigh  av.  up 
Richmond  to  Allegheny  av.  Returning  by 
same  route. 

Cumberland  Street  Branch. — White  car, 
white  light.  Route — From  Richmond  up  Cum- 
berland to  Amber.  Returning  by  same  route. 

Seventeenth  & Nineteenth  Streets  P.  R. 
W.  Co. — Yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — Up 
Nineteenth,  to  Norris,  to  Seventeenth,  to  Ridge 
av.,  to  Francis,  to  Seventeenth,  to  Carpenter,  to 
Nineteenth,  to  depot  at  Master  street. 

Spruce  and  Pine  Streets— Philadelphia 
and  Gray’s  Ferry  P.  R.  W.  Co. — Gray’s 
Ferry  Branch.— White  car,  red  light.  Route 
— Exchange,  to  Second,  to  Pine,  to  Twenty- 
third,  to  (iray’s  Ferry  rd.,  to  Gray’s  Ferry 
Bridge,  and  return  by  Gray’s  Ferry  rd.  to 
< hristian,  to  Twenty-second,  to  Spruce,  to 
Third,  to  Walnut,  to  the  Exchange.  Depot, 
Twenty-third  and  Spruce.  I 


Fairmount  Park  Branch. —Route — Same 
as  above  to  Twenty-third,  thence  to  Callow- 
hill,  to  Twenty-fifth,  to  Green  st.  entrance  to 
Park,  returning  via  Twenty-fifth  to  Hamil- 
ton, to  Twenty-second,  and  thence  by  the 
above  route. 

Tenth  and  Eleventh  Streets  Citizens’ 
P.  R.W.  Co. — Yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — 
Down  Tenth  to  Reed,  to  Eleventh,  up  Eleventh 
to  Diamond,  to  Tenth,  to  depot,  cor.  Mont- 
gomery av. 

Mifflin  Street  Branch.— Yellow  car,  red 
light.  Route — Down  Tenth,  up  Twelfth,  Whar- 
ton to  Mifflin. 

Thirteenth  and  Fifteenth  Streets  P.  R. 
W.  Co.— Columbia  Avenue  Branch.— Green 
car,  green  light.  Route — Up  Carpenter  to 
Fifteenth,  to  Master,  to  Eidge  av.,  to  Columbia 
av.,  to  Thirteenth,  to  Carpenter,  to  Broad,  to 
depot,  ab.  Washington  av. 

Norris  Street  Branch. — Yellow  car,  red 
light.  Route — Up  Carpenter  to  Fifteenth,  to 
Columbia  av.,  to  Broad,  to  Norris,  to  Thir- 
teenth, to  Carpenter,  to  Broad,  to  depot,  ab. 
Washington  av. 

South  Broad  Street  Branch. — Yellow  car, 
red  light.  Route— From  depot,  ab.  Washing- 
ton av.,  down  Broad  to  Wolf,  and  up  by  same 
route. 

North  Broad  Street  Branch. — Yellow  car, 
red  light.  Route— From  Norris  up  Broad  to 
N.  Y.  R.  R.  Junction.  Back  over  same  route. 

Twelfth  and  Sixteenth  Streets— Empire 
P.  R.  W.  Co. — Yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — 
Down  Twelfth  to  Wharton,  to  Seventeenth,  to 
Carpenter,  to  Sixteenth,  up  Sixteenth  to  Mont- 
gomery av.,  to  depot  cor.  Twelfth. 

Union  P.  R.  W.  Co.— Park  and  Navy  Yard 
Branch.  — Yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — 
Down  Brown  to  Twenty-third,  to  Wallace,  to 
Franklin,  to  Race,  to  Seventh,  to  Federal,  to 
Front,  to  Wharton,  to  Ninth,  to  Spring  Gar- 
den, to  Twenty-third,  to  Brown,  to  Park 
entrance. 

Richmond  Branch. — Green  car,  green  light. 
Route — Down  Thompson  to  Marlborough,  to 
Belgrade,  to  Frankford  av.,  to  Master,  to 
Franklin,  to  Race,  to  Seventh,  to  Passyunk 
av.,  to  Ellsworth,  to  Broad,  up  to  Christian,  to 
Ninth,  to  Spring  Garden,  to  Seventh,  to  Ox- 
ford, to  Fourth,  to  Norris,  to  Memphis,  to 
York,  to  Thompson,  to  depot,  cor.  Norris. 

Columbia  Avenue  Branch.  — Red  car, 
orange  light.  Route — Down  Columbia  ave.,  to 
Franklin,  to  Race,  to  Seventh,  to  Market,  to 
Front.  Returning  up  Market  to  Ninth,  to 
Spring  Garden,  to  Seventh,  to  Columbia  av.,  to 
depot  at  Twenty-third  street. 

Spring  Garden  & Poplar  Street  Branch. 
— one  horse,  red  car,  red  light.  Route — Down 
Brown  to  Twenty-third,  to  Wallace,  to  Twen- 
ty-second, to  Spring  Garden,  to  Seventh,  to 
Poplar,  to  Twenty-ninth,  to  Park  entrance. 

Cedar  Street  Branch.— Green  car,  green 
light.  Route — From  York,  up  Cedar  to  Somer- 
set, to  Richmond.  Returning  by  same  route. 

Christian  Street  Branch.  — One  horse, 
yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — Up  McKean  to 
Ninth,  to  Ellsworth,  to  Twenty-third,  to  Chris- 
tian, to  Seventh,  to  depot,  cor.  McKean. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  E X II 1 li  I T J 0 N, 


177 


Jefferson  Street.  Branch— One  horse, 
yellow  car,  red  light.  Route — From  Twenty- 
fourth  down  Jefferson,  to  Franklin,  to  Thomp- 
son, to  Front,  to  Columbia  av.,  to  Franklin, 
to  Master,  to  Twenty-fourth,  to  Columbia  av., 
to  depot,  at  Twenty-third. 

West  End  P.  R.  Co.— Zoodooical  Garden 
Line.  Route — From  Woodlauds  Cemetery  on 
Baltimore  av.,  to  Fortieth,  to  Locust,  to  Thirty- 
sixth,  to  Powelton  av.,  to  Thirty-fifth,  to  Zoo- 
logical Garden;  returning  on  Thirty-fifth  to 


Eadline,  to  Thirty-third,  to  Walnut,  to  Thirty- 
sixth,  to  Locust,  to  Thirty-eighth,  to  Woodland 
av.,  to  Baltimore  av.,  with  lines  to  South  street 
bridge. 

Fairmount  Park  Line.  — Route  — From 
South  street  bridge  to  Thirty  fourth  and 
Spruce,  on  Spruce  to  Thirty-eighth,  to  Lan- 
caster av.,  to  Forty  first,  to  Elm  av.  and  Cen- 
tennial Buildings,  to  George’s  Hill;  returning 
to  Fortieth,  to  Locust,  to  Thirty-sixth,  to 
Spruce,  to  place  of  beginning. 


FERRY  COMPANIES. 

Camden  and  ’ Philadelphia — foot  of  Market  street,  upper  side,  to  Federal 
street,  Camden. 

Cooper’s  Point — foot  of  Vine  street,  to  Cooper’s  Point. 

Gloucester,  New  Jersey — foot  of  Soutk  street,  to  Gloucester. 

Kaighn’s  Point — foot  of  South  street,  upper  side,  to  South  Camden,  or 
Kaighn’s  Point. 

Kensington  and  Neiy  Jersey — foot  of  Shackamaxon  street,  to  Cooper’s 
Point. 

Smith’s  Island — Pier  7 South  Wharves. 

West  Jersey — foot  of  Market  street,  lower  side,  to  Market  street,  Camden. 


TELEGRAPH. 

There  are  about  3,000  miles  of  Telegraph  lines  in  Philadelphia.  Telegrams 
t^an  be  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  from  all  the  principal  Hotels,  Depots, 
Ticket  Offices  and  from  Telegraph  offices  situated  in  every  part  of  the  city ; also 
from  the  Exhibition  Grounds.  Telegrams  can  be  sent  via.  AYestern  Union  lines, 
to  all  parts  of  the  world,  from  the  Philadelphia  Local  Telegraph  Co’s.  Telegraph 
Exchange,  107  S.  Third  street,  and  special  reports  or  information  can  be 
obtained  from  any  place  at  home  or  abroad.  Commercial  or  Market  Reports 
of  all  kinds  are  received  and  on  file  there. 

Absolutely  correct  time  may  be  obtained  from  the  Astronomical  Chronometer 
Clock  located  in  the  Exchange  office,  which  is  compared  daily  by  telegraph 
with  the  time  of  the  U.  S:  Observatory  at  AYashington,  D.  C. 

The  American  District  Telegraph  Co.  has  Boxes  in  Hotels,  Business  Offices, 
and  Private  Residences,  for  the  purpose  of  calling  Messengers,  Police,  and  for 
Eire  Alarm. 


11* 


J78 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


INDEX. 


ALL  PLACES  OF  INTEREST, 

AND  HOW  TO  REACH  THEM, 

ALSO  SEE  MAP  OF  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA  IN  FRONT  OF  BOOK,  AND  CITY 
PASSENGER  RAILWAY  DIRECTORY  ON  PAGE  174. 

FOR  FULL  DESCRIPTION  SEE  PAGE 

Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  Broad  street  above  Arch — corner  of  Cherry- 
street — admission,  25  cents  ; reached  from  the  east  and  west,  by  the 
Arch  street  car  5 from  the  north,  by  the  Thirteenth  street  car,  and 
' from  the  south,  by  the  Fifteenth  street  car,  getting  out  at  Arch  street,  28 

Academy  of  Music,  S.  W.  corner  Broad  and  Locust  streets  ; reached  from 
the  north,  by  the  Thirteenth  street  car,  and  from  the  south,  by  the  Fif- 
teenth street  car,  to  within  one  square*  of  the  Academy — getting 
out  at  Locust  street*,  from  the  east  by  the  Walnut  street  car,  and 
from  the  West,  by  the  Chestnut  street  and  Spruce  street  cars,  to 
within  two  square  of  the  Academy 19 

Academy  of  Natural  Science,  cor.  Nineteenth  and  Race  streets ; admis- 
sion, 10  cents;  reached  from  the  north,  by  Seventeenth  street  car  to 
Race  street,  and  south  by  Nineteenth  street  car  ; east,  by  Vine 


street  car,  and  West,  by  Race  street  car 21  and  64 

Amusements,  places  of. 192 

American  Philosophical  Society,  Fifth  street,  south  of  Chestnut,  west 

side 8 

Atlantic  City — West  Jersey  Railroad  depot,  foot  of  Vine  street 43 

Athen.eum  of  Philadelphia,  Sixth  street  below  Walnut ; open  from  8 
A.  M.  to  10  Ib  M.  Strangers  admitted  upon  application  to  the 
Librarian 49 

Apprentices’  Library,  S.  W.  corner  Fifth  and  Arch  streets ^ 47 


* A square  is  the  space  of  ground  between  one  principal  street  and  another,  and  is  about 
one-twelfth  of  a mile  in  length. 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


179 


PAGE 

Bank  of  North  America,  Chestnut  street,  north  side,  above  Third  street,  12 

Blind  Asylum,  N.  W.  cor.  Twentieth  and  Race  streets ; admission  every  day 
free,  from  9 A.  M.  to  5 P.  M.  (except  Saturday,)  no  ticket  required. 
Concerts,  Wednesdays  P.  M. — admission,  15  cents;  reached  same  as 


Academy  of  Natural  Science 32 

Blockley  Alms  House,  Thirty-fourth  and  Darby  road.  West  Philadelphia ; 
take  Walnut  street  cars;  tickets  procured  at  No.  42  South  Seventh 
street — admission,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  from  9 A.  M. 
to  5 P.  M 54 


Bordentown — Steamer  Edwin  Forrest,  from  Arch  street  wharf;  also 

railroad  from  foot  of  Market  street,  (see  advertisement  in  daily  papers)  42 

Boys’  Central  High  School,  cor.  Broad  and  Green  streets  ; reached 
within  one  square  by  the  Union  line,  going  up  Ninth  street  and  out 
Spring  Garden  street ; and  by  the  Green  street  and  Fairmount  ave. 


line,  going  up  Eighth  street  and  out  Fairmount  avenue 29 

Banks  of  Philadelphia 75 


CLUB  HOUSES. 


Union  League 

Reform  Club 

Philadelphia  Club 

Merchants’  Club 

Sketch  Club 

St.  George  Society 

Penn  Club 

Social  Art  Club 

Philadelphia  Riding  Club, 


Broad  and  Sansom  streets. 

Chestnut  street  above  Fifteenth. 

Thirteenth  and  Walnut  streets. 

246  South  Third  street. 

No  10  West  Penn  Square. 

Thirteenth  and  Arch  streets. 

,S.  E.  cor.  Eighth  and  Locust  streets. 

1525  Chestnut  street. 

215  South  Sixteenth  street. 


Cape  May — per  steamer  down  Delaware  river ; also  railroad  from  foot 


of  Market  street,  (see  advertisement  in  daily  papers) 43 

Callowhill  Street  Bridge 68 


Carpenters’  Hall,  Carpenters’  Court,  off  of  Chestnut  street,  below 


Fourth,  south  side  ; admission  at  any  time,  free 11 

Cathedral  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  Eighteenth  street  above  Race ; 
reached  from  east,  by  Race  street;  West,  by  Vine  street;  north,  by 
Seventeenth  ; south,  by  Nineteenth  street  cars 31 


Cathedral  Cemetery,  Lancaster  avenue  and  Forty-eighth  street ; reached 
by  Race  and  Vine  streets  car,  going  out  Vine  street : 


171 


180 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PAGE 

Charity  Hospital  of  Philadelphia,  1834  Hamilton  street,  reached 

by  Nineteenth  street  car 55 

Christ  Church,  Second  street,  above  Market,  cor.  of  Church  street 16 

Christ  Church  Hospital,  Belmont  avenue  and  Monument  road,  near 
the  Exhibition  grounds 57 

Chestnut  Hill — reached  by  Germantovrn  Railroad,  depot.  Ninth  and 
Green  streets ; city  cars — going  out  Eighth  and  Ninth  streets,  run 
within  one  square  of  the  depot 106 

City  Passenger  Railways 174 

City  of  Philadelphia 1 

College  of  Physicians’  and  Surgeons’  of  Philadelphia,  N.  E.  cor. 

Thirteenth  and  Locust  streets 51 

College  of  Pharmacy,  145  North  Tenth  street,  south  of  Race 50 

Commercial  Exchange,  Second  street,  between  Chestnut  and  Walnut 14 

Congress  Hall,  Chestnut  street,  S.  ET  cor.  of  Sixth  street 3 

County,  or  Moyamensing  Prison,  Tenth  and  Reed  streets ; admission 
every  day  (except  Saturday,)  from  9 A.  M.  to  12  M.,  and  from  2 to 
4 P.  M. ; tickets  procured  (free)  at  Ledger  Office,  cor.  Sixth  and  Chestnut 
streets  *,  reached  by  Tenth  and  Eleventh  streets  cars,  going  down 
Tenth  street 59 

Custom  House,  Chestnut  street  below  Fifth 10 

CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 

Access  to  the  Exhibition  Grounds 156 

Agricultural  Hall 132 

American  Soldier’s  Monument 148 

Awards 135 

British  Buildings 142 

Centennial  Exhibition 110 

“ Fountain 149 

“ National  Bank 145 

“ Passenger  Line  on  the  grounds 153 

“ Plioto  Company’s  Building 142 

“ Post  Office 140 

Columbus  Monument 148 

Conveyance  to  the  Grounds 156 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


181 


PACK 

Dairy 145 

Departments  and  Classification  of  Articles 114 

Entrances  to  the  Exhibition  Grounds 153 

Events  during  the  Exposition 152 

Expositions — space  occupied 151 

Fire  Engine  Houses 142 

Foreign  Nations  which  will  exhibit 152 

Fortified  Block  House 141 

German  Building 143 

Government  Building 138 

Harvesting-machines  Exhibition 151 

Horticultural  Hall 128 

Horticultural  Garden 129 

Ice  Water  Fountain 150 

Indian  Encampment 173 

International  Exhibition 112 

International  Rowing  Regatta 166 

International  Rowing  Regatta  Prizes 167 

International  Rowing  Regatta  Committee 168 

Japanese  Building 142 

Japanese  Bazaar 143 

Jury  Pavilion 135 

Live  Stock  Exhibition 150 

Location  of  the  Exhibition  Grounds  and  Buildings 113 

Log  House — Canadian 142 

Machinery  Hall 124 

Main  Exhibition  Building 114 

Memorial  Hall 119 

Memorandum  for  Agricultural  Hall 133 

Memorandum  for  Horticultural  Hall 130 

Memorandum  for  Machinery  Hall 126 

Memorandum  for  Main  Exhibition  Building 117 

Memorandum  lor  Memorial  Hall 122 

Model  of  Railway  up  Mt.  Washington 145 

Modern  Kitchen 144 

Music  Pavilion 150 

New  England  Log  House 144 

Newspaper  Pavilion 145 

Observatory  at  Belmont 153 

Officers  of  the  Exhibition 110  and  111 


182 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PAGK 

Ofl&ce  of  Medical  Bureau 145 

Palestine  Camp 143 

Photographic  Hall 141 

Public  Comfort  Building ^ 141 

Religious  Liberty  Monument 148 

Relief  Plans  of  the  cities  of  Paris,  Naples,  Jerusalem,  and  of  Italy  and 

Switzerland 141 

Restaurants 145 

Signal  and  Weather  Station 141 

Spanish  Building 143 

Statue  of  William  Penn 147 

Space  occupied  by  Nations 151 

State  Buildings 143  and  144 

Swedish  School  House 143 

Vienna  Bakery 145 

Wagon  and  Carriage  Building. 145 

Washington  Statue 148 

Western  Hunter’s  Camp 145 

Witherspoon  Monument 146 

West  Point  Cadet  Camp 141 

Women’s  Pavilion 137 

World’s  Ticket  Office 143 

World’s  Ticket  and  Inquiry  Building ; 154 

Carriage  Fares 76 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  cor  Broad  and  Pine  streets  *,  reached  from  the 
north,  by  Thirteenth  street  car  •,  from  the  south,  by  Fifteenth  street 
car,  to  Pine  street,  within  one  square  of  the  Asylum  5 from  the  east, 
by  the  Pine  street  car,  to  the  door,  and  from  the  west,  by  Spruce 
street  car,  to  Broad  street.  Tickets  (free)  procured  at  the  Ledger 
Office,  cor.  of  Sixth  and  Chestnut  streets  5 admission,  every  Thursday 
at  3 P.  M 18 

Declaration  of  Independence 109 

Delaware  River — Trips  up  and  down  the 42 

Distances  in  Fairmount  Park 108 

Eastern  Penitentiary,  Fairmount  avenue,  from  Corinthian  avenue 
(above  Twentieth  street)  to  Twenty-second  street  5 admission  every 
day  (except  Saturday  and  holidays,)  from  1 to  5 P.  M.  Tickets  pro- 
cured at  Ledger  Offiee ; reached  directly  by  Green  and  Fairmount 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


183 


PAGE 

avenue  car  ji^oing  up  Eighth  street,  and  out  Eairmount  avenue  ; other 


lines  connect  with  this  one  ; also  reached  within  one  square  by  the 
Nineteenth  street  car 33 

Episcopal  Hospital,  Front  street  and  Lehigh  avenue  ; take  Third  street 

car 54 


Fairmount  Park — reached  by  Spruce  and  Pine  street  cars,  going  out 
Pine  street  *,  Arch  street  car,  going  west ; Race  and  Vine  street  cars, 
going  out  Vine  street;  Callowhill  street,  going  west;  Green  and 
Fairmount  avenue,  going  up  Eighth  street,  and  out  Fairmount  avenue  ; 
Union  line  (Fairmount  branch)  going  up  Ninth  street  and  out  Spring 
Garden  street,  also  out  Poplar  street ; Girard  avenue  car,  going  west ; 
Fourth  and  Eighth  streets  line  give  passes  for  Girard  avenue  line,  for 
one  fare.  Ridge  avenue  car,  going  north-west,  goes  to  the  East  Park, 
as  also  does  the  Reading  Railroad  from  Depot,  Thirteenth  and  Callow- 
hill  streets,  stopping  at  several  stations  in  the  Park  en  route  to  Bel- 


mont  85 

Foreign  Coins — Official  valuation  of. 78 

Excursion  on  the  Delaware  river 43 


Fort  Mifflin,  west  shore  of  the  Delaware  river  about  one  mile  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill ; is  reached  by  land,  by  the  Pine  street 
cars,  to  Gray’s  Ferry  bridge,  and  then  by  foot ; and  by  steam  tug  from 
Washington  avenue  wharf.  For  Washington  avenue  wharf,  take  Union 
line  car  (Navy  Yard  Branch)  on  Seventh  street 65 

Fort  Delaware,  on  Pea  Patch  Island,  Delaware  river,  42  miles  below 
Philadelphia  ; is  reached  by  steamer  (see  advertisement  in  daily 
papers,)  and  by  rail,  from  depot.  Broad  street  and  Washington  ave.  to 
Delaware  City,  and  then  by  barge  or  row-boat  to  the  Fort.  Thirteenth 
street  cars,  and  Union  line  (Baltimore  depot  branch)  going  south  on 


Seventh  street,  take  you  direct  to  depot 66 

Franklin’s  Printing  Office,  No.  7 Hudson  street;  off  of  Chestnut 

street,  north  side,  above  Third  street 12 

Frankford  Arsenal,  Frankford;  take  Richmond  car  of  Second  and 
Third  streets,  going  up  Third  street,  and  Union  line,  going  up  Ninth 
street 4U 

Franklin  Institute,  east  side  of  Seventh  street,  between  Market  and 

Chestnut  streets — admission  free 49 


184 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PAGE 

Ferry  Companies 177 

Franklin  Square — Sixth  to  Franklin  streets,  Race  to  Vine  streets 82 

Friends’  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  located  near  Frankford 57 

Germantown — reached  by  Germantown  Railroad,  depot.  Ninth  and  Green 
streets  ; depot  reached  within  one  square,  by  cars  going  out  Eighth 
and  Ninth  streets 106 

German  Hospital,  Girard  avenue,  corner  of  Corinthian  avenue,  above 
Twentieth  street ; reached  by  Girard  avenue  car-,  and  by  Nineteenth 
street  car,  to  Girard  avenue 5;> 

Girard  Avenue  Bridge 9^ 

Girard  Avenue  Market 39 

Girard  Bank,  Third  street,  west  side,  below  Chestnut  street 13. 

Girard  College — Girard  avenue,  west  of  Nineteenth  -,  reached  by  Ridge 
avenue  car,  going  out  Arch  street,  from  Front  street  to  Ninth  and  out, 
Ridge  avenue  ; also  by  Nineteenth  street  car ; by  Girard  avenue  car,, 
going  west ; Eighth  street  (yellow  car)  getting  pass  for  Girard  avenue 
car  (one  fare)  -,  open  every  day  (except  Sundays)  ; admission  free — 
tickets  at  Ledger  Office,  Sixth  and  Chestnut  streets 37 

Glenwood  Cemetery,  Ridge  avenue  and  Islington  Lane  5 reached  by 

Ridge  avenue  car 171 

Gloucester — Chestnut  street  car  to  Second  street,  to  South  street,  and  a 

few  minutes  walk  down  South  street  to  ferry  steamer  for  Gloucester..  43; 

Grave  of  Benjamin  Franklin — Christ  Church  burying  ground — south- 
east corner  of  Fifth  and  Arch  streets 46 

Hackney  Carriage  Fares 76 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  build- 
ing, south  side  of  Spruce  street,  between  Eighth  and  Ninth  streets...  60' 

IIoLMESBURG — take  cars  of  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  Kensington 

depot lOT 

Hotels  of  Philadelphia 190 

Horticultural  Hall — next  to  Academy  of  Music,  and  reached  in  the 

same  way — Broad  street  above  Spruce 18 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  185 

PAGE. 

House  of  Correction,  near  Holmesbur^  5 admission  on  Monday,  Wed- 
nesday and  Friday,  from  10  A.  M.  to  2 P.  M. — tickets  at  No.  51  N. 

Sixth  street lOT 

House  of  Refuge,  Twenty-third  and  Parrish  streets  5 admission  on  Mon- 
day, Wednesday  and  Friday,  from  10  A.  M.  to  2 P.  M. — tickets  at 
No.  21  N.  Seventh  street.  Take  Union  line  (Fairmount  branch)  on 
Ninth  street,  and  out  Spring  Garden  street ; also  Ridge  avenue  car...  37 

House  wherein  Thomas  Jefferson  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 

south-west  corner  of  Seventh  and  Market  streets 47 

Independence  Hall,  in  rear  of  vestibule  in  Independence  Hall 7 

Independence  Hall,  south  side  of  Chestnut  street,  between  Fifth  and 

Sixth  streets  ; open  from  9 A.  M.  until  5 P.  M.  5 admission  free 4 

Independence  Square,  rear  of  Independence  Hall,  to  Walnut,  and  from 

Fifth  to  Sixth  streets 7 and  79' 

Jefferson  Medical  College,  Tenth  street,  south  of  Chestnut  street 50 

Jewish  Hospital,  'Westminster  avenue  and  Haverford  road ....  55 

Jewish  Synagogue,  cor.  of  Broad  and  Mt.  'Fernon  streets;  reached  by 
Fifteenth  street  car  to  Mt.  Vernon,  and  two  minutes  walk  east  to 
Broad  street;  or  by  Union  line  (Fairmount  branch)  on  Ninth  street 
and  out  Spring  Garden  to  Broad  street,  and  three  minutes  walk  north 
to  Mt.  Vernon  street 29' 

Laurel  ILll,  Ridge  avenue,  near  Falls  of  Schuylkill  ; reached  by  Ridge 
avenue  line,  going  west,  on  Arch  street  from  Front  to  Ninth,  and 
thence  to  Ridge  avenue  ; also  by  steamer  on  the  Schuylkill  river,  at 
the  Waterworks,  Fairmount 169' 

Laurel  Hill — West — on  Belmont  avenue,  just  beyond  the  Centennial 

grounds;  reached  by  Reading  Railroad  to  Pencoid  station 171 

Lazaretto  — Island  of  Tinicum,  in  the  river  Delaware,  about  fifteen 
miles  below  Philadelphia ; reached  by  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
and  Baltimore  Railroad,  depot  Broad  street  and  Washington  avenue,  56 

Ledger  Office,  cor  of  Sixth  and  Chestnut  streets  ; citizens  and  strangers 
invited  to  visit  it. 

Liberty  Monument,  to  be  erected  in  Independence  Square ...  8 

Masonic  Temple — old — Chestnut  street  above  Seventh  ; not  now  used  by 

the  fraternity 25 


186 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PAGK 

Masonic  Temple — new — Broad  street  above  Market,  north-east  corner  of 
Filbert  street ; visitors  are  admitted  every  Thursda}^,  if  the  weather 
is  fair,  on  application  to  the  Secretary,  in  the  building,  who  will 
furnish  tickets — to  be  returned  upon  leaving  the  Institution  ; cards 
of  admission  can  also  be  procured  at  the  Ledger  Office,  Sixth  and 


Chestnut  streets 25 

Market  Street  Bridge 67 


Merchants’  Exchange,  Third  street  above  Walnut,  corner  of  Dock  street*, 

strangers  admitted  on  application  to  the  clerks 13 

Mercantile  Library,  Tenth  street,  west  side,  above  Chestnut  street 60 

Mint — United  States — north  side  of  Chestnut  street  above  Thirteenth,  cor. 

of  Juniper  street  *,  admission  from  9 A.  M.  to  12  M. — free 45 

Morgue,  Beach  and  Noble  ; admission  free,  Thursday  and  Saturday,  from 
9 A.  M.  to  5 P.  M.  5 no  tickets  required. 

Municipal  Hospital,  Hart  Lane,  near  Twenty-first  street 56 

MERCANTILE  ASSOCIATIONS 
Board  of  Brokers — 21  Merchant’s  Exchange,  Third  and  AYalnut  sts. 
Board  of  Trade,  Mercantile  Library  building,  10th  st.  ab.  Chestnut. 


Chamber  of  Commerce ]33  S.  Second  street. 

Grocers’  (wholesale)  Association 119  S.  Front  street. 

Maritime  Exchange 133  S.  Second  street. 

Philadelphia  Drug  Exchange '. 17  S.  Third  street. 


Philadelphia  Exchange  Company N.  E.  cor.  3d  and  Walnut  streets. 

Produce  Exchange Front  and  Arch  streets. 

Mount  Moriah  Cemetery,  Darby  road,  bordering  on  Delaware  county ; 
reached  by  Darby  and  Mt.  Moriah  branch  of  the  Chestnut  and  Wal- 


nut street  line 171 

Monument  Cemetery,  Broad  and  Montgomery  avenue  ; reached  by  Thir- 
teenth and  Fifteenth  streets  cars,  going  out  Fifteenth  street 171 


Mayor’s  Office Cor.  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets. 

National  Museum,  the  room  on  the  right  in  vestibule  of  Independence 
Hall,  south  side  of  Chestnut  street,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth  streets  ; 

admission  free  ; open  from  10  A.  M.  to  1 P.  M 5 

Navy  Yard,  League  Island,  loot  of  Broad  street ; admission  every  day  ; 
no  tickets  required.  Reached  l)y  steam  tug  at  foot  of  Washington 
avenue ; or  ITiirteenth  and  Fifteenth  street  cars,  going  down  Thir- 
teenth street,  takes  you  within  about  ten  minutes  walk 66 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION. 


187 


Naval  Asylum — United  States — Gray’s  Ferry  road,  below  South  street; 
reached  by  Spruce  and  Pine  streets  car,  going  out  Pine  street 

Naval  Hospital — United  States — on  the  grounds  of  the  Naval  Asylum.. 

North  Broad  Street 

Odd  Fellows’  Cemetery Twenty-fourth  street  and  Islington  lane. 

Penx  Treaty  Monument,  cor.  of  Beach  and  Hanover  streets;  take  Rich- 
mond car  on  Third  street 

Pennsylvania  Hospital — from  Eighth  to  Ninth  streets  and  Spruce  to 
Pine  streets 

Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  between  the  West  Chester  and 
Haverford  roads,  west  of  Forty -third  street;  reached  by  Market 
street  car,  going  west 

Pennsylvania  Sanitorium — Located  in  Media,  fourteen  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia; West  Chester  Railroad,  depot  Thirty-first  and  Chestnut 
streets 

Penn’s  First  American  Dwelling,  No.  10  Letitia  street,  ofi*  of  Chestnut 
street,  between  Front  and  Second  street 

Penn’s  Slate  Roof  Mansion 

Philadelphia  Library — old — Fifth  street,  below  -Chestnut,  east  side  ; 
New — Broad  and  Christian  streets  ; strangers  admitted  ; reached 

direct  by  Thirteenth  street  car 

Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  145  N.  Tenth  street,  below  Race.. 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  Darby  road  ; reached  direct  by  Chestnut  and 

Walnut  street  cars,  going  out  Walnut  street 

Philadelphia  Dispensary,  Fifth  above  Walnut  streets 

Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society,  N.  E.  Cor.  Thirteenth  and 

Locust  streets 

Post  Office — present  building — south  side  of  Chestnut  street,  between 

Fourth  and  Fifth  streets 8 and 

Post  Office — new  building — cor.  Ninth  and  Chestnut  streets 43  and 

Postage  Rates — Domestic  and  Foreign  and  Advertised  Letters 

Port  Richmond  and  the  Coal  Wharves  ; take  Third  street  car 

Public  Buildings — new — at  the  intersection  of  Broad  and  Market  streets ; 
visitors  allowed  inside  the  enclosure  week  days,  during  working 
hours 


PAGE 

C7 

67 
30 

39 

51 

53 

58 

15 

14 

17 

50 

54 
58 

51 

68 
72 
70 

40 


21 


188 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PAGR 


Railroad  Depots  and  how  to  reach  them... 7G 

Red  Bank — on  the  New  Jersey  shore  of  the  Delaware  river  ; reached  by 

steamboat,  from  South  street  wharf 43 

Residence  of  Georp;e  Washington,  formerly  stood  south  side  of  Market 

street  below  Sixth 48 

Rittenhouse  Square — Eighteenth  to  Nineteenth  streets,  and  Walnut  to 

Locust  streets 80 

School  of  Design  for  Women,  N.  E.  cor.  of  Merrick  and  Filbert  streets, 

opposite  north-east  corner  of  new  Public  Buildings 28 

Schuylkill  Navy — the  boat-houses  are  situated  on  the  east  side  of 
Schuylkill  river,  above  the  Waterworks,  Fairmount  Park;  reached 
by  the  cars  running  to  the  Park 163 

Smith’s  Island — Steamers  leave  every  ten  minutes,  Delaware  avenue  above 

Walnut  street 43 

Streets  of  Philadelphia 72 

St.  Joseph’s  Hospital,  Seventeenth  and  Girard  avenue;  take  Nineteenth 
street  car,  from  the  south,  and  Girard  avenue  car,  from  the  east; 
other  lines  connect  with  these 54 

St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Frankford  road  and  Palmer  street ; reached  by  Fifth 

and  Sixth  street  cars,  going  out  Fifth  street.. 55 

Swedes’  Church — on  Swanson  street  below  Christian  ; reached  by  Second 
and  Third  street  cars,  going  down  Second  street,  and  Navy  Yard 
branch  of  Union  line,  going  down  Seventh  street... 5(> 

Telegraph 177 

Trenton — Steamer  Edwin  Forrest,  from  Arch  street  wharf,  everyday; 
also,  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  from  depots,  Kensington  and ' foot  of 
Walnut  street 43 

Union  League,  Broad  street  below  Chestnut,  west  side 20 


United  States  Arsenal,  Gray’s  Ferry  road;  take  cars  going  out  Pine 
street ; admission  every  day — no  tickets. 

University  of  Pennsylvania — Junction  of  Darby  road,  Locust  and 
Thirty-fourth  streets;  reached  by  Walnut  street  car  (Darby  road 
branch)  direct,  or  West  Philadelphia  branch  to  Thirty-sixth  street, 
from  which  a few  minutes  walk  south 62 


AND  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION.  ISO 

PAGE 

Washington's  Camp  Ground,  at  Valley  Forge  ; reached  by  Reading  Rail^ 
road,  depot.  Thirteenth  and  Callowhill  streets 107 

WissAiiiCKON,  The — reached  by  Ridge  avenue  car,  going  northwest 102 

AVTlls’  Hospital,  Race  above  Eighteenth  streets 32 

'Women’s  Medical  College,  North  College  avenue,  above  Twenty-second 

street  5 reached  by  Ridge  avenue  car 39 

AV'oodlands. — Darby  road  and  Thirty-ninth  street  -,  the  Darby  and  Mount 
Moriah  branch  of  the  Chestnut  and  AValnut  streets  line,  going  out 
AFalnut  to  Twenty-second  street,  and  thence  out  Chestnut  street  and 
Darby  road,  pass  the  entrance 171 

Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Seventeenth  and  Montgomery  ave.  ; 
reached  liy  car  going  out  Sixteenth  street. 

AVashington  Square — Sixth  to  Seventh  streets,  and  AValnut  to  Locust 

streets 79 

A'oung  Men's  Christian  Association — Temple  Building — S.  E.  cor. 
Fif1;eenth  and  Chestnut  streets;  present  building,  No.  1210  Chestnut 
street ; strangers  welcome 62 

Zoological  Garden 159 


190  GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 

HOTELS  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


Continental  Hotel S.  E.  cor.  Ninth  and  Chestnut  streets^ 

Girard N.  E.  cor.  Ninth  and  Chestnut  streets. 

Colonnade Fifteenth  and  Chestnut  streets. 

La  Pierre Broad  and  Chestnut  streets. 

St.  George Broad  and  Walnut  streets. 

St.  Stephen’s Chestnut  street  above  Tenth. 

The  Forrest  Mansion  Hotel Broad  and  Master  streets. 

Guy Seventh  and  Chestnut  streets. 

Bingham Eleventh  and  Market  streets. 

St.  Cloud 709  Arch  street. 

xMerchants’ 42  N.  Fourth  street. 

Irwing 919  Walnut  street. 

Washington Chestnut  street  above  Seventh. 

West  End 1524  Chestnut  street. 

St.  Elmo 317  Arch  street. 

Markoe 919  Chestnut  street. 

American 517  Chestnut  street. 

St.  Charles 54  N.  Third  street. 

Petry’s 1403  Walnut  street. 

Eagle 227  N.  Third  street. 

Arch  Street No.  1 Arch  street. 

Allegheny 812  Market  street. 

Ridgeway No.  1 Market  street. 

Auhry Thirty-fourth  and  Walnut  streets. 

Montgomery 413  N.  Sixth  street. 

Great  Western  1311  Market  Street- 

United  States No.  9 AValnut  street. 

Barley  Sheaf. 257  N.  Second  street. 

Central  Avenue 831  Market  street. 

Commercial 826  Market  street. 

Columbia Ill  N.  Broad  street. 

St.  James 310  Race  street. 

Red  Lion 472  N.  Second  street. 

Black  Horse 352  N.  Second  street. 

Penn  Manor Eighth  and  Spring  Garden  streets. 

Black  Bear 425  N.  Third  street. 

Bald  Eagle 416  N.  Third  street. 

Keystone Broad  street  below  Arch. 

HOTELS  AT  OR  NEAR  THE  CENTENNIAL  GROUNDS. 

Grand  Exposition  Hotel Girard  and  Lancaster  avenues. 

Trans-Continental Elm  and  Belmont  avenues. 

Globe Elm  and  Belmont  avenues. 

United  States Forty-second  and  Columbia  avenue. 

Atlas  Hotel Fifty-second  street  and  Elm  avenue. 

Elm  Avenue  Hotel Elm  avenue. 


192 


GUIDE  OF  PHILADELPHIA 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENTS. 


Academy  of  Music Broad  and  Locust  streets. 

Alhambra Broad  below  Locust  streets. 

Arch  Street  Theatre Arch  above  Sixth  streets. 

Amateur  Drawing  Room Seventeenth  above  Chestnut  streets. 

Arch  Street  Opera  House  (minstrels) Arch  above  Tenth  streets. 

Assembly  Buildings Cor  Tenth  and  Chestnut  streets. 

Chestnut  Street  Theatre Chestnut  street  above  Twelfth. 

Concert  Hall 1221  Chestnut  street. 

Eleventh  Street  Opera  House  (minstrels) Eleventh  street  above  Chestnut. 

Fox’s  Theatre  (varieties) Chestnut  street  below  Eleventh. 

Grand  Central  Theatre  (varieties).., Walnut  street  above  Eighth. 

German  Theatre Callowhill  street  above  Fourth. 

Horticultural  Hall Broad  street  below  Locust. 

Museum ; Cor.  Ninth  and  Arch  streets. 

Musical  Fund  Hall Locust  street  below  Eighth. 

Maenerchor  Music  Garden Fairmount  avenue  corner  Franklin  street. 

National  Theatre  (Varieties) Tenth  and  Callowhill  streets. 

Theo.  Thomas’  Orchestra Broad  and  Master  streets. 

Walnut  Street  Theatre Ninth  and  Walnut  streets. 

Zooloirical  Garden Fairmount  Park. 


FOR 


GO  TO 


R.  MAGEE  & SON^a 

808  CHESTNUT  STREET, 


PHILADELPHIA. 


WILBUR  O.  SMITH. 


TRABUE  VAN  GULIN. 


SMITH  & m COLIN 


MAKERS  OF 


THE  FLORENCE  SHIRT 


— AND- 


IVL  AnsrUFACTOE-Y 

~ANt>— 

A L E S R O O M 


^EN’^  ji^URNI^HER^. 


No.  154  North  Eighth  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA,  U.  S.  A, 

Visitors  to  the  Exhibition  are  cordially  invited  to  call  and  examine  our  stock. 


KEYSTONE  HOTEL  GO’S 

c_^LADIES’  AND  GENTS’ 

DINING  ROOM  AND  RESTAURANT, 

PENNSYLVANIA  R.  R,  DEPOT, 

Thirty-Second  and  Market  Streets, 

WEST  PHILADELPHIA. 


OIXOTZEIIl’iS 



AN  EIQHT  PAGE  ItLUSTKATED  NEWSPAPEK.  THE  FIRST  IN  THE  FIELD. 

ESTABLISHED,  APRIL,  1873.  NOW  IN  ITS  FOURTH  YEAR. 

H.  W.  CROTZER,  Publisher  and  Proprietor. 

R@)Q)iyis 

Beware  of  Imitations  and  Frauds.  Bound  Volumes  of  Three  First  Years  for  sale.  Splendid 
PREMIUMS  OF  EXHIBITION  BUILDINUS  to  each  Subscriber.  Be  sure  you  get  CROTZER’S. 

A;^ents  Wanted  Everywhere. 


R.  MAGEE  & SON. 

Wholesale  and  Retail 
STATIONERS, 

LITHOG-RAPHERS, 

PRINTERS, 

IBILAMIC  BOOK 


--AND— 


808  CHESTNUT  STREET, 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


E.  S.  JOHNSON, 


No.  44  Nassau  Street, 

NEW  YORK, 


OLD  Pen  M 


ANUFACTURER 


These  Pens  are  warranted  superior  to  any  made,  and  are  confidently  re- 
commended to  all  who  are  desirous  of  obtaining  an  article  of  superior  excellence, 
they  being  of  an  unequaled  finish,  quality,  elasticity  ; and  for  easy  writing,  have 
no  superiors.  All  Pens  are  WARRANTED  FIVE  YEARS,  and  are  fourteen 
carats  fine.  Also  manufactures  the  largest  and  finest  stock  of 

Gold  Tip  Desk  Holders, 

Gold  Telescopic  Holders, 

Gold  and  Pearl  Holders, 

Gold  and  Rubber  Holders, 

Gold  and  Rubber  Pencils, 

Gold  and  Pearl  Pencils, 

Gold  and  Ivory  Pencils, 

Gold  and  Pearl  Tooth  Picks, 

Gold  and  Rubber  Tooth  Picks. 


Any  of  which  would  make  one  of  the  most  acceptable  Souvenir  from  the 
Centennial  City,  to  friends  at  a distance. 


k af  cruy  ©©Qds  ap©  by 

RICHARD  MAGEE  & SON, 

G^S  T JL  T Z O ZT  E 

808  CHESTNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA. 


RICHARD  MAGEE  & SON, 

No.  808  CHESTNUT  STREET, 

Would  respectfully  call  your  attentiou 
to  their  Extensive  Stoch  of  Fine  Goods  suitable  for 

g^PRESENTS^ 

Among  which  will  he  found,  in  great  variety, 

Russia  Leather  Pocket  Books, 

Russia  Leather  Port-Folios, 

Russia  Leather  Card  Cases, 

Russia  Leather  Memorandum  Books, 

Russia  Leather  Segar  Cases, 

Russia  Leather  Ink  Stands, 

Russia  Leather  Calendars, 

Russia  Leather  Thermometers. 

Russia  Leather  Writing  Desks,  Russia  Leather  Jewel  Boxes, 

Russia  Leather  Gentlemen's  Dressing  Cases, 

* Russia  Leather  Ladies'  Dressing  Cases, 

Russia  Leather  Playing  Card  Boxes, 

Russia  Leather  Work  Boxes, 

Rosewood  Writing  Desks, 

Gold  Pens  and  Holders, 

Gold  Tip  Rubber  Pencils, 

Gold  Tip  Rubber  Pen  Holders, 

Pearl  and  Gold  Pencils,  Pearl  and  Rubber  Gold  Tooth 
Picks,  Pearl  Card  Cases,  Ivory  Pocket  Books, 

Ivory  Card  Cases,  Ivory  Match  Safes, 

Ivory  Segar  Cases, 

Fijiii©  Octfe  Staicidlsj  IVIatsEi 

PeaH  and  Pap;©P  ©y)tt©(r§„ 

CZ^INITIAL  BOXES^^ 

Gotttaittittg  Fine  Timtei  Eapep  aadl  ln¥elopes  to  lateli. 

— ALL  THE  INITIALS  ON  HAND— 

Together  with  an  Extensive  Assortment  of  Latest  Styles  Tinted  Paper  and  Envelopes,  and  all 
Articles  in  the  Stationery  Line. 


RICHARD  MAGEE  & SON, 


No.  808  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 


J.  W.  PH  ICE. 


WM.  ir.  PRICE. 


RESTAURATEURS, 


305  Chestnut  St.,  & 14  South  Broad  St. 


BANK  OF  ENOLAND  WRITING  FLUID. 

This  Fluid  is  especially  valuable  lor  Deeds  and  Le^al  Documents,  on  account  of  its  dur- 
able qualt'es.  It  also  flows  more  easily,  will  not  spread,  and  leaves  a smoother  stroke  ihan  any 
other  Ink.  For  Book  keeping  and  writing  of  every  description,  it  cannot  be  excelled.  It  wifi 
not  set  off  on  the  opposite  page. 

Prok.  Edwin  Haas.  A.  M., 

Priniipal  of  the  “New  .Jersey  Collegiate  Institute,”  Bordentown,  N.  J. 

Having  had  much  experience  in  the  use  of  ditferent  Inks  lor  the  last  twenty-five  years 
in  the  school-room,  I am  free  to  say  that  I have  never  found  any  that  has  given  so  much  satis- 
faction in  all  respects  as  Thk  Bank  OK  England  Ink.  I think  it  superior  to  any  Ink  ever  manu- 
factured. 

Bokdkntown  N.  .1.,  Aug.  26,  1S74.  EDWIN  HAAS. 


Philadelphia,  August  22nd,  1874. 

Friknd  Magee;— The  Bank  ok  England  Ink  is  by  far  the  best  Writing  Ink  in 
the  Market.  It  possesses  the  following  qualities  so  indispensable  in  Ink  : 

1st.  It  does  not  thicken  2d.  It  does  not  corrode  the  pen.  3d.  It  flows  freely.  4th.  It 
becomes  jet  black  with  age. 

After  eleven  years  use  of  all  makes  of  Ink,  with  indiflferent  satisfaction,  I have  at  last 
found  what  I have  long  wished  for.  an  article  of  Ink  that  suits  me  in  all  respects. 

Your  Friend.  Rev.  A.  NELSON  HOLLIFIELD. 


MANUFACTURED  AND  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  BY 

ORICHARD  MAGEE  &SONO 

808  CHESTNUT  STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


CENTENNI  AL^£) 


A NOTE  PAPER  AND  ENVELePESA 

PUT  UP  llPt  BSAUTJPUL 

R.  MA-GEE  & SON, 

808  Chestnut  Street. 


THE 


DAILY  GRAPHIC. 

THE  GREAT 

Metropolitan  Illustrated  Newspaper 

AND 

ONLY  PICTORIAL  DAILY  JOURNAL  IN  EXISTENCE. 

PRESENTING  FROM  FOUR  TO  EIGHT  PAGES  OF 

ILLUSTRATIONS, 

AND  FROM  FOUR  TO  EIGHT  PAGES  OF 

NEWS 

Everyday.  FINE  ENURAYINGS  given  away  as  Supplements,  or  printed  on 
heavy  paper,  suitable  for  framing,  from  T-wenty  Cents  to  One  Dollar  each. 


EVERY  IMPORTANT  EVENT  CONNECTED  WITH 


REAT 


ENTENNIAL 


lias  been  Illustrated  in  THE  DAILY  (IIIAPIIIC,  and  its  tilesform  aconsecutive 


HISTORY  OF  THE  EXPOSITION. 


Its  Circulation  has  reached  130,000  Copies  in  a single  day,  thus  forming 
the  very  best  medium  for  Advertisers,  while  it  is  noted  for  Fearless  Editorials 
and  the  Finest  Correspondence  published. 

Price  Twelve  Dollars  per  Annum,  by  Mail,  or  Five  Cents  per  Copy. 

NEW  YOEK  OFFICES!  PHILADELPHIA  OFFICES! 

35, 37, 39  and  41  PARK  PLACE.  N.  W.  Cor.  10th  and  CIIESTIT  STREWS. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 

R.  MAGEE  & SON, 

C808  CHESTNUT  STREET 

PHILADELPHIA. 


•PLAIN  AND  FANCY 

YFRIMTIMGY 

OF  ALL  KINDS,  NEATLY  AND  PROMPTLY  EXECUTED, 

-AT— 

R.  MAGEE  & SON’S 

808  Chestnut  Street, 


PHILADELPHIA. 


REMARKS 

— ON— 

ITS  CAUSES,  TREATMENT  AND  REMEDY. 

A CUKE  SHOULD  BE  EFFECTED  SAFELY  AND  PLEASANTLY,  BUT  ABOVE  ALL,  SAFELY. 

TO  THE  DRXJEXjIO. 

It  is  now  thirty  years  since  I first  prepared  my  Anti-Dyspep- 
tic Elixir  and  presented  it  to  the  public,  and  though  for  the  last 
fifteen  years,  through  absence  and  attention  to  other  duties,  I have 
not  prepared  the  medicine  for  market,  its  character  as  a curative 
agent  is  so  widely  known  and  appreciated,  that  I have  been  impor- 
tuned to  again  place  it  on  sale,  and  now  do  so  with  renewed  confi- 
dence in  its  merit,  and  respectfully  solicit  from  all  those  who  suffer 
with  Dyspepsia  and  its  attendant  ills,  their  attention  to  its  well 
known  efficacy.  James  Williams,  M.  D. 

Philadelphia,  Avgust,  1875. 

There  are  few  complaints  more  prevalent,  particularly  among  sedentary  me- 
chanics and  artisans,  students,  and  professional  men  generally,  as  we-11  as  among 
the  indolent  and  luxurious  inhabitants  of  all  large  and  wealthy  cities,  than  those 
which  have  their  origin  in  the  stomach  and  tlie  other  organs  concerned  in  diges- 
tion. The  stomach  and  intestinal  canal,  parts  ot  a most  delicate  structure,  and 
possessed  of  an  exquisite  sensibility,  are  not  only  hourly  subject  to  injury  from 
improper  food  and  drinks,  or  an  excessive  indulgenceof  the  appetie  in  diet,  which, 
if  taken  in  moderation  would  be  altogether  wholesome  ; but,  by  the  closer  sym- 
pathy which  exists  between  these  and  all  other  organs,  they  quickly  participate 
in  the  diseases  of  other  and  remote  parts.  Whether  it  be  the  brain,  the  lungs  or 
the  skin  which  suffers,  the  stomach  cannot  remain  in  health.  Hence,  Indiges- 
tion is  an  attendant  upon  nearly  every  malady,  both  acute  and  chronic,  to  which 
the  human  body  is  liable.  The  symptoms  of  pain  and  uneasiness  in  the  region  of 
the  stomach  are  often  indeed  the  first  which  direct  the  attention  of  the  patient  to 
his  real  condition.  On  the  other  hand,  the  extensive  sympathies  of  the  stomach 
cause  the  diseases  which  may  originate  primarily  in  the  latter  to  be  extended  to 
the  liver,  bowels,  brain,  skin  and  lungs.  It  is  this  that  renders  indigestion  so  com- 
plicated and  protean  a disease — differing  in  its  phenomena  according  to  the  period 
that  it  has  existed,  and  the  constitution,  age  and  sex  of  the  patient  in  whom  it  occurs 


THE  ANTI-DYSPEPTIC  ELIXIR 

—IS  PREPARED  BY- 

JAMES  WILLIAMS,  M.  D. 

Who  can  be  consulted  on  all  Diseases  of  the  Digestive  Organs,  free  of  charge,  at  the 
GENERAL  AGENCY  AND  DEPOT  OF  HIS  MEDICINE, 

M.  W.  latfeand  MARKtTT  STEtSBTPS,  PMdLAtltPHilA,,  P®. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS.  TREATISE  SENT  FREE. 


DELAWARE  BUILDING. 


Mtentionof  Cer^MnnUd  Victors  are  respe^fiMy  called  to  the 
Ejctensive  Stock  of  iiric  (roods,  suitable 

resents  and  centenniad  souvenirs, 

— KKPT  BY— 

R.  MA@ti  i®i  sTitiv. 

Bentennial  Playing  Sard  Album,  Oenteanial  Note  Paper  and  ^ 

ottbe  OentenLl  Buildings,  (Size 25230)  Centennial  Albums,  Initial  and  Stoonery 
Bones,  Pine  Russia  Leather  9oods  of  all  binds,  Sold  Pens,  Pearl,  Ivory  and 
Gold  Mounted  Eubber  Holders  and  Pencils,  etc.,  etc. 

■ogetber  with  .b  Extensive  Assortment  of  Latest  Styles  Tinted  Paper  and  Envelopes,  and  all  Article, 

in  the  Stationery  Line. 

IHARD  MAGEE  4 SON.  808  CHESTNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA. 


'■  ? 

RICHARD  MAGEE  & 

WHCLE^AEH  AND  RETAIL 


SON 


^TATIONER^,  pRINTERE  |i!THOQRAPHERp. 


'•AND 


CBLANKBOOK  MAKERS:' 


llICIIAUB  MAGEB-B 

HAS  ASSOR': 

lUE  5“l  |2Si|  |kl 

SUITABLE  FOR  B 'RESF  E 


Strai'scTs  others  are  eonlially  invit-.il  to  cal'  ao  ’ cxainiiie  thuir stack  W iR-'icr  f;  ey  yish.- 
- to  i uioha  c or  r.  t. 

S03  CHrSTMUT  STIIEET,  PEILADEIPAIA,  ?A. 


eOS  CHESTNUT  STREET,  PKILADEL 


